• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.83-105
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• 2013

During recent decades, the number of mixed attribute products (henceforth mixed products), which have both utilitarian and hedonic benefits, has increased dramatically. Despite these products' growing popularity, academic research has paid little attention to them, and there remains a gap between theory and the real world. Hence, our study was undertaken to understand consumers' perceptions about and behaviors toward mixed products, as well as factors affecting the evaluation and choice of these products. We divided mixed attribute products into two categories: mixed utilitarian products (utilitarian products adding hedonic attributes) and mixed hedonic products (hedonic products adding utilitarian attributes). We then showed how adding different attributes affects consumers' perception, willingness to pay (WTP), and the choice of mixed attribute products compared to pure utilitarian or pure hedonic products. We conducted an experiment using a within-subject design. A total of 160 office workers and college students participated in the study. The pure utilitarian product used in the study was orange juice, and the mixed utilitarian product was carbonated orange juice. The pure hedonic product was chocolate, and the mixed hedonic product was polyphenol enriched chocolate. Results showed that consumers perceived a mixed utilitarian product to be less utilitarian, less pleasurable and more guilty than a pure utilitarian product. On the other hand, a mixed hedonic product was perceived to be more utilitarian, less pleasurable and less guilty than a pure hedonic product. Also, WTP for a mixed hedonic product was higher than WTP for a pure hedonic product, but WTP was lower for a mixed utilitarian product than for a pure utilitarian product. Furthermore, mixed hedonic products were likely to be evaluated more favorably when they were presented together with pure hedonic products, more so than when they were presented alone. Finally, when compared to low self-control participants, high self-control participants chose mixed hedonic products more frequently. The present study contributes to the existing literature on utilitarian and hedonic consumption by adding to the sparse literature on the consumption of products that have both utilitarian and hedonic purposes. Also, our research findings provide several useful implications for practitioners in related fields. First, the current study provides marketers with a useful guide for understanding consumers' perceptions of these types of products, and helps to predict how adding different attributes influences these products. Second, this study has examined the conditions that may moderate the evaluation and choice of hedonic base products and this finding will serve as a good reference for marketers of mixed hedonic products in marketing communication strategy, in-store marketing and targeting. Specifically, comparative advertising with a pure hedonic product will be beneficial for a mixed hedonic product. Also, displaying mixed hedonic products near pure hedonic products may enhance the effectiveness of in-store marketing of mixed hedonic products.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.131-142
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• 2003

Consumer researchers' growing interest in consumer experience has revealed that many consumption activities produce both hedonic and utilitarian outcomes. The personal shopping value also has both hedonic and utilitarian dimension. This article describes the effect of socio-economic variables and materialism on hedonic and utilitarian shopping value. 820 middle, high and college students in Seoul and Ulsan were surveyed. A moderate degree of positive intercorrelation between hedonic and utilitarian shopping value support the trend of consumption ambivalence. Materialism is positively related to hedonic and utilitarian shopping value. While age is negatively related to utilitarian shopping value, it is unrelated to hedonic shopping value. The mean scores of hedonic and utilitarian shopping value in Ulsan is higher than in Seoul.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.161-173
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• 2002

This study explored the Internet searching values(utilitarian searching value and hedonic searching value) of college student consumers, typed the Internet searching values to four types, and analysed the level of perception to Internet shopping' benefit-risk according to the Internet searching value types. The subjects were 361 college students. We used Cronbach'$\alpha$, multiple regression, one-way ANOVA, and Scheffe' test as statistical analysis. The results were summarized as follows : 1) According to the Internet searching values, college student consumers were classified into 4 types - high utilitarian/high hedonic type, high utilitarian/low hedonic type, low utilitarian/high hedonic type, and low utilitarian/low hedonic type. 2) Both high utilitarian/high hedonic type and low utilitarian/high hedonic type had high level of perception to Internet shopping' benefit-risk.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.25-53
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• 2007

The Expectation Confirmation Model (ECM) of information systems investigates the continued information systems usage behavior. This paper expands the original post-adoption beliefs and searches the applications in the emerging hedonic information systems. Previous IS researches focused on the organizational environments. However as the information technology (especially internet) evolves, information systems have not only emerged for the organizations but also for the individual users, such as internet portals, internet communities, on-line games etc. These information systems so called Hedonic Information Systems aims to provide self-fulfilling value rather than instrumental value to the users. Researches in other disciplines, including marketing and consumer behavior research, illustrate that the hedonic and utilitarian perspective of goods and services have different influence on the consumer behavior. Goods and services used to be classified into either hedonic or utilitarian aspect but now they may belong to both aspects simultaneously. Moreover consumer's goals or tasks have both hedonic utilitarian aspects. When a consumer makes a decision to purchase or repurchase goods or services, he/she compares the hedonic and utilitarian perspectives of goods to find most suitable ones to satisfy their goals/tasks. Finally, consumer's behavior is determined by the trade-off between what the goods can provide to the consumers and in what extent the goods fulfill consumer's purchase behavior. Consumer also shows that the salience of hedonic perspective is relatively greater when consumer decides which of several items to give up (forfeiture choices) than the time when they decide which item to acquire (acquisition choices). Some researches in MIS discipline have found out that the information systems also have both hedonic and utilitarian perspectives. The decision process of whether to use information systems or not is similar to that of a consumer's decision of purchasing or repurchasing goods or services. However most of researches in MIS tend to focus on the extrinsic motivation variables which only cover the utilitarian perspective of information systems. It is only recent that researches start to investigate the intrinsic motivation variable - Perceived Enjoyment - for the hedonic perspective. Considering the consumer's purchasing decision process, users of information systems evaluate the systems through balancing between intrinsic (hedonic) and extrinsic (utilitarian) variables according to their main tasks or tendencies. This paper proposes a model that is based on the ECM of IS Continuance model modified from Expectation Confirmation Model to fit into the continued usage of information system. It first started from the decision process regarding hedonic and utilitarian perspectives in the consumer behavior literatures. The model deals with continued usage of information systems beyond the mere technology adoption as in most of the previous MIS researches. This research is particularly important to the hedonic information systems, because their business model depends on the frequent usages rather simple adoption at the beginning. Because the basic model only considered the extrinsic motivations (perceived usefulness) to explain the users' behavior and as the information systems can have both hedonic and utilitarian dimensions, it should consider both perspectives. Therefore, this newly proposed model considers intrinsic variable (perceived enjoyment) as well. Since the individual user can have a preference on either aspects that is between the hedonic and utilitarian perspective depending on his/her main tasks or goals, some variables (Hedonic Orientation and Utilitarian Orientation) meaning the extents of users' pursuing from the information system were additionally studied.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.765-776
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• 2004

The objectives of this study are to compare the levels of materialism with hedonic-utilitarian shopping values among 645 college students in Ulsan and Seoul, Korea; Columbus, Ohio, USA; and Nagasaki, Japan, and to analyze the impact of materialism on hedonic-utilitarian shopping values. As for the levels of hedonic shopping values, the students in Japan and Ulsan had the highest of all, whereas for the levels of utilitarian shopping values, those in Ulsan had the highest. For the levels of materialism, the students in Ulsan had the highest of all and those in Seoul had the lowest. And three scales in the materialism had a different influence on hedonic-utilitarian shopping values.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.635-645
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• 2011

This study explores the differences in product evaluation and approach behaviors as well as the effects of product evaluation on approach behaviors of utilitarian and hedonic products in on-line and off-line settings. A total of 332 subjects participated in the experiments to assess product evaluation and approach behaviors for utilitarian and hedonic clothing products in on-line and off-line settings. The results show that even though the same stimulus was presented, consumers' product evaluation of utilitarian clothing (i.e., t-shirts) was higher in the off-line setting than in the on-line setting while the approach behavior of hedonic clothing was better in the on-line setting than in the off-line setting. In addition, color was a crucial factor generating positive approach behaviors for utilitarian clothing while style and quality were core factors influencing the approach behaviors of hedonic products in an on-line setting. There was no consistency in the results of the important factors affecting approach behaviors of utilitarian and hedonic clothing in an off-line setting. The conclusion suggests implications for marketing based upon the results of this study.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.37-53
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to show that the effectiveness of utilitarian versus hedonic attributefocused advertisement on product evaluation depends on the arousal level of positive emotion, and to explore mediation effect of cognitive response to utilitarian attribute-focused advertisement and affective response to hedonic attribute-focused advertisement on the effectiveness of utilitarian versus hedonic attribute-focused advertisement. This research employs a 2 (arousal level: mild vs. elevated) × 2 (advertisement type: utilitarian vs. hedonic) between-subjects design, and 200 undergraduate students participate in the experiment, in which there are 50 students at each experimental group. The results of ANCOVA with positive emotion level as a covariate on advertised product evaluation show significant interaction effect of arousal level and advertisement type, and no effect of positive emotional level. Both of the mediation effects of the cognitive response and those of the affective response are significant. Participants under mild (elevated) arousal of positive emotion more positively evaluate the product in utilitarian (hedonic) attribute-focused advertisement. The positive effect of utilitarian (hedonic) attributefocused advertisement on product evaluation is partially mediated by cognitive (affective) response to the advertisement when consumers are under the mild (elevated) arousal of positive emotion. The results of this study show that advertisers should use utilitarian (hedonic) attribute-focused advertisement to consumers under the mild (elevated) arousal of ambient positive emotion, which should be searched by exploring what kind of event they have experienced.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.342-366
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• 2023

This study attempts to extend the customer value - customer satisfaction - customer loyalty framework by introducing key constructs of scarcity messages as a major environmental stimulus and the urge to buy impulsively as its response in the context of group-buying social commerce, across countries including Korea and China. More specifically, this study proposes that scarcity messages influence customers' value perception (i.e., utilitarian value and hedonic value) and thereby influencing customer satisfaction and further customer loyalty. Moreover, the study suggests that scarcity messages and utilitarian and hedonic values arouse the urge to buy impulsively. In the Korean sample, the results show that scarcity messages increase both utilitarian and hedonic values as well as the urge to buy impulsively, which in turn leads to customers' satisfaction and further loyalty. Besides, customer satisfaction is determined by utilitarian value, not hedonic value. In the Chinese sample, utilitarian value-related relationships are insignificant. More specifically, scarcity messages only influence hedonic value which increases the urge to buy impulsively. Besides, customer satisfaction is determined by both utilitarian and hedonic values, but not by the urge to buy impulsively.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.83-100
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• 2022

In marketing, the thematic conceptual study related to hedonic consumption with product symbolism contributed to symbolic consumerism and its hedonic experience. Researching how consumers deal with expectations for unexpected income or windfall gains helps understand what makes them enjoy experiences. This paper discusses the trade-off relationship between hedonic and utilitarian consumption. it aims to determine when and why people choose hedonic (pleasant) or utilitarian (material) products under windfall gains. We suggested five hypotheses, and through a series of experiments, respondents preferred hedonic to utilitarian goods when lottery amounts increased and the probabilities did not discriminate between two products. the preference order was not discriminated in the hedonic, utilitarian goods. the shape of preference revealed an opposite direction (U vs. invert-U)when the winfall amounts increased. and when the discounting rates varied, the consumers' preference order was expected to change. Subjects selected hedonic goods the most, utilitarian goods second, and cash rewards were the last choice. Therefore, stimulating consumers' hedonism and promoting hedonic experiences might be effective marketing tactics and strategies.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.69-90
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• 2015

This study aims to provide managerial implications considering strategic priorities for maintaining existing customers and attracting new customers in extremely competitive coffee franchise market. In particular, this study is differentiated from other previous studies as it attempted to examine both direct and indirect impact relations among self-congruity, functional congruity, perceived value(utilitarian/hedonic value), and attitude. Also, this study shows the relative impact of utilitarian value and hedonic value on attitude. The results show that self-congruity has positive effects on functional congruity and value (hedonic and utilitarian value), while functional congruity has positive effects on utilitarian value, hedonic value, and attitude. Moreover, self-congruity has indirect effects on attitude through functional congruity and value. The findings also indicate that hedonic value has relatively higher impact on attitude than utilitarian value does. At the end of the paper, managerial implications and limitations were suggested.