• 제목/요약/키워드: hedgehog

검색결과 73건 처리시간 0.03초

Anti-inflammatory Effect of the Hedgehog Skin Extracts on LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells

  • Kim, Tae Yeon;Jo, Na Young;Leem, Kang Hyun
    • 대한본초학회지
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    • 제33권3호
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    • pp.19-24
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    • 2018
  • Objectives : Hedgehog skin is one of the animal medicines in Traditional Korean Medicine for hematochezia and hemorrhoids. In this study, we examined cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory effects. Methods : Cytotoxicity of hedgehog skin extracts was measured by MTT assay in vitro. We investigated the inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 cells. The phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was measured by western blot. And we observed the effect of hedgehog skin extracts on the expression of IL-6 genes using real time PCR. Results : As a result of MTT assay for cytotoxicity, there were no significant differences between non-treatment group and hedgehog skin extracts treatment groups. $500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of hedgehog skin extracts treatment significantly decreased nitric oxide production in comparison with non-treatment in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. In measurement of the phosphorylation of MAPKs using western blot analysis, LPS stimulation increased the phosphorylation of MAPKs and $500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of hedgehog skin extracts treatment decreased the phosphorylation of ERK1, ERK2 and p38 significantly. But there were no significant differences the phosphorylation of JNK1 and JNK2. As a result of confirmation of the IL-6 mRNA gene expression using real time PCR, IL-6 mRNA gene expressions were significantly decreased in $50{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and $500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ hedgehog skin extracts treated groups by comparison with non-treatment group. Conclusion : These results could provide a mechanistic explanation for the anti-inflammatory effects of the hedgehog skin.

The Effects of Korean Cucurbitaceous Plants on the Alkaline Phosphatase Activity Associated with Sonic Hedgehog Pathway

  • Lee, Hwa Jin
    • 한국자원식물학회지
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    • 제26권6호
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    • pp.673-677
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    • 2013
  • In order to examine the effects of Korean cucurbitaceous plants on sonic hedgehog pathway and growth of cancer cells with over-activated hedgehog pathway, we measured the sonic hedgehog conditioned medium (shh-CM) induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and cell viability of pancreatic cancer cell lines by treatment of cucurbitaceous plants. Among the tested cucurbitaceous plants, Actinostemma lobatum Maxim, Cucumis sativus L., Momordica charantia L., Schizopepon bryoniaefolius Maxim and Trichosanthes kirilowii Max, var. japonica Kitam showed the potent inhibitory effects (> 50 % at $20{\mu}g/mL$) on shh-CM induced ALP activity. We also evaluated the cell viability of pancreatic cancer cells treated with the cucurbitaceous plants. The tested cucurbitaceous plants showed the very weak effects on cancer cell proliferation but, T. kirilowii Max, var. japonica Kitam presented the inhibitory effect of 72.7 % on the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells at $20{\mu}g/mL$. Taken together, we screened the effects of Korean cucurbitaceous plants on shh-CM induced ALP activity and cell viability of pancreatic cancers to search for the modulators of the hedgehog pathway leading to the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. T. kirilowii Max, var. japonica Kitam, among the tested cucurbitaceous plants, showed the inhibitory effects on the shh-CM induced ALP activity and the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells.

감국의 유산균 발효물이 hedgehog 신호를 통한 지방구세포 분화 억제효과 (Inhibitory Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria-fermented Chrysanthemum indicum L. on Adipocyte Differentiation through Hedgehog Signaling)

  • 최재영;임종석;심보람;양영헌
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제30권6호
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    • pp.532-541
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    • 2020
  • 본 연구는 지방감소를 위한 소재개발로 감국 유산균 발효물이 갖는 지방구세포 분화 억제효과를 관찰하였다. 감국 추출물의 세포독성을 극복하는 유산균의 발효물을 제작하였다. 3T3-L1 세포주에서 감국 추출물 및 발효물이 갖는 세포독성은 모두 없었다(1day culture). 감국 추출물 처리 대조군과 비교하여 3T3-L1 세포주에 처리시 증식 유도된 발효물을 선별하였다. 감국 추출물 및 발효물의 분화억제 및 세포생존률 FACS분석은 분화 유도된 세포가 모든 실험군에서 줄어들었다. 3T3-L1 세포주에서 감국 추출물과 발효물 처리가 protein kinase B (Akt) pathway활성이 증가하였고, 단백질 발현은 지방구세포로 분화되면서 Gli2의 수준은 감소하였다. Hedgehog를 조절하는 유산균은 KCTC 3115인 것을 알 수 있었다. 분화와 관련된 KCTC 3115 및 KCTC 3109 발효군에서 단백질 수준에서 C/EBPα 및 FAS를 감소, pACC는 증가시키는 것을 확인하였다. 감국 추출물과 4개의 감국 유산균 발효물 중 Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis KCTC 3115 발효물이 지방구세포 분화 신호를 더 효과적으로 조절하고, hedgehog을 같이 조절하여 지방전구세포의 분화를 억제하는 것을 알 수 있었다. Hedgehog 신호를 조절하면서 분화를 억제하는 물질에 대한 연구가 더 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 감국 발효물의 생리활성 물질 중 향후 매커니즘 분석을 위한 활성물질의 자료가 더 필요할 것으로 여겨지며, 감국 추출물 및 감국 발효물의 hedgehog 신호조절이 새로운 비만치료제로 개발될 수 있음을 위한 가능성을 제시하고자 한다.

Staining Characteristics of Mast Cell Tumor in a Hedgehog

  • Lee, Jong-Won;Han, Mi-Na;Kim, Gon-Hyung;Chang, Dong-Woo;Na, Ki-Jeong
    • 한국임상수의학회지
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    • 제33권4호
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    • pp.218-220
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    • 2016
  • A 2-year old female African hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) weighing 645 grams was presented with a well circumscribed mass in the subcutaneous of the left shoulder. It measured $2{\times}2cm$ in size and had a hard texture. There were no clinical signs. In a fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytological evaluation, mast cells were identified with Wright-Giemsa stain. Mast cell tumor was confirmed and characterized by surgical sampling and histopathological evaluation. Four stains (hematoxylin-eosin, toluidine blue, periodic acid-Schiff, and Safranin O) were examined in order to find an applicable stain for a mast cell tumor histopathological evaluation in hedgehog. This case showed that periodic acid-Schiff and toluidine blue staining were the most useful for assessment of a mast cell tumor in a hedgehog.

FRACTAL HEDGEHOGS

  • Rani, Mamta;Kumar, Vinod
    • 한국수학교육학회지시리즈B:순수및응용수학
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    • 제9권2호
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    • pp.91-105
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    • 2002
  • The study of fractal hedgehogs is a recent development in the ambit of fractal theory and nonlinear analysis. The intent of this paper is to present a study of fractal hedgehogs along with some of their special constructions. The main result is a new fractal hedgehog theorem. As a consequence, a fractal projective hedgehog theorem of Martinez-Maure is obtained as a special case, and several fractal hedgehogs and similar images are discussed.

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Clinical Application of PCR-RFLP for the Differentiation of Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. erinacei in the Facial Dermatitis of Household African Pygmy Hedgehog (Erinaceus albiventris)

  • Han, Jae-Ik;Na, Ki-Jeong
    • 한국임상수의학회지
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    • 제25권3호
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    • pp.211-214
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    • 2008
  • This report describes a case of severe and prolonged dermatophytosis in a hedgehog that was diagnosed by PCR-RFLP, a rapid and usefulness technique for identification of many causative agents and hereditary characters. A 5-month-old female hedgehog was presented with grade 2 facial pruritus, scaling, encrustation and hemorrhage. Cytology of exudates on the face showed a suspected fungal infection. A culture and tape imprint test of the cultured colony showed many hyphae and microcornidia, suspected to belong to the Trichophyton species. In the PCR-RFLP with MvaI and Hinf I, Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. erinacei was finally identified as a causative agent. The patient completely recovered after application of nystatin cream for 17 days.

Identification of Osteogenic Purmorphamine Derivatives

  • Lee, Sung-Jin;Lee, Hak-Kyo;Cho, Sung Yun;Choi, Joong-Kwon;Shin, Hea Kyeong;Kwak, Eun-Jung;Cho, Mi-Ran;Kim, Hye-Ryun;Kim, Seung-Ryol;Kim, Yong-Min;Park, Kyoung-Jin;Choi, Joong-Kook
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • 제26권4호
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    • pp.380-386
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    • 2008
  • During embryonic and cancer development, the Hedgehog family of proteins, including Sonic Hedgehog, play an important role by relieving the inhibition of Smo by Ptc, thus activating the Smo signaling cascade. Recently, a purine compound, purmorphamine, has been reported to target the Hedgehog signaling pathway by interacting with Smo. Interestingly, both Sonic Hedgehog and purmorphamine were found to promote the osteogenic differentiation of mouse chondroprogenitor cells. However, there is insufficient information as to how the activation of this seemingly unrelated signaling pathway, either by Sonic Hedgehog or purmorphamine, contributes to osteogenesis. Using alkaline phosphatase assays, we screened 125 purmorphamine derivatives from the Korea Chemical Bank for effects on the differentiation of preosteoblast C2C12 cells. Here, we report that two purine derivatives modulate ALP activity as well as the expression of genes whose expression is known or suggested to be involved in osteogenesis.

지방간 진행 조절에 대한 헤지호그와 에스트로겐의 잠재적 역할 (Potential Roles of Hedgehog and Estrogen in Regulating the Progression of Fatty Liver Disease)

  • 현정은;정영미
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제21권12호
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    • pp.1795-1803
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    • 2011
  • 현대인의 고지방 식습관과 당뇨와 비만인구 증가로 인한 비 알코올성 지방간(nonalcoholic fatty liver)의 유병률(prevalence rate)은 나날이 증가하고 있는 추세이며, 특히 남성과 폐경기 여성에게서 두드러진다. 이런 성 특이적(sex-specific) 간질환의 차이는 여성 호르몬인 에스트로겐(estrogen)의 보호 역할 때문일 것으로 추정되고 있으나, 에스트로겐의 보호 기작을 포함한 지방간의 만성 간질환으로의 진행 메커니즘이 규명되어 있지 않기 때문에 간질환의 효과적인 예방 및 치료책이 없는 실정이다. 그런데 최근에 간 섬유화(fibrosis)를 포함한 만성 간질환의 진행에서 헤지호그(hedgehog) 신호전달계가 주요한 역할을 함이 보고되면서 손상된 간의 회복과 간질환 진행메커니즘 조절을 위한 연구대상으로서 주목 받고 있다. 헤지호그는 발생 및 분화를 조절하는 모포젠(morphogen)으로 성인의 건강한 간에서는 발현되지 않으나, 손상된 간에서 손상 정도에 비례하게 재 발현되며, 섬유화 유발세포인 근섬유아세포(myofibroblasts) 및 간 줄기세포(hepatic progenitor cells)의 활성 및 증식인자로 작용하여 지나친 간 섬유화를 일으킨다. 이에 반해, 에스트로겐은 간 성상세포(hepatic stellate cells)가 근섬유아세포로 활성화되는 것을 억제함으로써 간 섬유화를 막는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 간 섬유화에 대한 헤지호그와 에스트로겐의 상반된 역할 사이의 관련성은 아직 밝혀지지 않고 있으나, 간 섬유화 유발 물질인 오스테오폰틴(osteopontin) 발현에 대한 에스트로겐의 억제효과와 헤지호그에 의한 오스테오폰틴 발현 유도는 오스테오폰틴에 의해 매개되는 에스트로겐과 헤지호그 신호전달계 사이의 연관성을 시사한다. 따라서, 에스트로겐에 의한 헤지호그 신호전달계 조절 메커니즘을 규명하는 것은 간질환 환자에서의 간 섬유화 및 만성 질환으로의 진행을 억제할 수 있는 치료제 개발에 대한 기초 지식을 제공할 수 있다. 이를 위해 간 섬유화에 대한 헤지호그와 에스트로겐의 역할을 확실하게 이해하고, 상호 관련성 및 조절 기작을 밝히는 연구가 선행되어야 할 것이다.

치근 및 치주조직 형성과정 동안 Sonic Hedgehog signaling의 역할 (Roles of Sonic Hedgehog Signaling During Tooth Root and Periodontium Formation)

  • 황재원;조의식;양연미
    • 대한소아치과학회지
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    • 제45권2호
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    • pp.144-153
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    • 2018
  • 본 연구는 치근 및 치주조직의 형성과정동안 Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling의 역할에 대해 알아보고자 치성간엽에서 조직특이적으로 Smoothened (Smo)가 활성화 또는 차단되는 mouse를 제작하여 분석하였다. 생후 28일경 Smo 활성화모델에서는 H-E 염색 시 얇은 두께의 치근상아질, 넓어진 치수강, 치주인대공간에 느슨하게 배열되어있는 섬유들이 관찰되었다. 면역조직화학염색 시 Smo 활성화모델은 wild type mouse와 비교하여 백악질, 치주인대 그리고/또는 백악모세포의 표식자인 Bsp, Dmp1, Periostin, Ank 같은 기질 단백질들의 발현이 현저히 감소하였다. 그러나 Smo 차단모델은 wild type mouse와 비교하여 이러한 기질 단백질들의 발현에 차이가 보이지 않았다. 본 연구를 통하여 치근 및 치주조직의 정상적인 형성과정에 낮은 수준으로 조절되는 SHH signaling이 필요하다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

Cell cycle-related kinase is a crucial regulator for ciliogenesis and Hedgehog signaling in embryonic mouse lung development

  • Lee, Hankyu;Ko, Hyuk Wan
    • BMB Reports
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    • 제53권7호
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    • pp.367-372
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    • 2020
  • Cell cycle-related kinase (CCRK) has a conserved role in ciliogenesis, and Ccrk defects in mice lead to developmental defects, including exencephaly, preaxial polydactyly, skeletal abnormalities, retinal degeneration, and polycystic kidney. Here, we found that Ccrk is highly expressed in mouse trachea and bronchioles. Ccrk mutants exhibited pulmonary hypoplasia and abnormal branching morphogenesis in respiratory organ development. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Ccrk mutant lungs exhibit not only impaired branching morphogenesis but also a significant sacculation deficiency in alveoli associated with reduced epithelial progenitor cell proliferation. In pseudoglandular stages, Ccrk mutant lungs showed a downregulation of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling and defects in cilia morphology and frequency during progenitor-cell proliferation. Interestingly, we observed that activation of the Hh signaling pathway by small-molecule smoothened agonist (SAG) partially rescued bud morphology during branch bifurcation in explants from Ccrk mutant lungs. Therefore, CCRK properly regulates respiratory airway architecture in part through Hh-signal transduction and ciliogenesis.