• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1992

온열요법은 최근 10년간 암치료요법의 한 방법으로 큰 관심을 끌어왔다. 그러나, 아직까지 폐종양에 대해서는 온열요법이 잘 시행되지 않고 있는 바, 이는 폐가 물리학적으로 공기를 함유한 비교적 가온하기 어려운 함기성기관이어서 이의 효과적인 가온에 대한 시도가 많지 않았기 때문으로 생각된다. 저자들은 고주파유전형 가온에 의한 폐의 가온효과를 평가하기 위하여 가온이 비교적 용이한 실성기관(solid organ)인 가토의 정상간과, 가토의 정상폐의 가온정도를 비교하고자 하였다. 실험 동물들을 폐 가온군과 간 가온군으로 각각 10마리씩 2개의 군으로 나누었으며, 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 폐 가온군에서 15분간 가온한 폐의 평균 온도는 $41{\pm}1.7^{\circ}C$이었고, 식도의 평균 온도는 $42{\pm}1.7^{\circ}C$이었다. 2) 간 가온군에서 15분간 가온한 간의 평균 온도는 $42.1{\pm}1.6^{\circ}C$이었고, 이때 피부의 평균 온도는 $39.5{\pm}1.4^{\circ}C$이었다. 3)$42^{\circ}C$까지의 가온에 소요된 시간은 폐 가온군 에서는 $9.3{\pm}1.8$분 이었고, 간 가온군 에서는 $5.7{\pm}0.7$분 이었다. 4)$42^{\circ}C$까지의 분당 열 증가율은 폐 가온군 에서는 $0.46{\pm}0.17^{\circ}C$/분 이었고, 간 가온군 에서는 $0.56{\pm}0.2^{\circ}C$/분 이었다. 5) 가온 온도가 $42^{circ}C$-$43^{\circ}C$ 도달시까지, 폐 가온군 에서의 RF총 평균 출력은 각각 $48{\pm}20W$ 및 $39{\pm}19W$이었으며, 폐 가온군이 간 가온군 보다 높았다(p<0.05). 6) 가온에의한 식도내 온도가 폐의 온도보다 $1.1{\pm}0.9^{\circ}C$높았다(p<0.05). 이상과같은 결과는 기낭성기관인 폐도 RF의 보다 높은 출력 이 소요되기는 하나 온열요법을 시행하였을 때 충실성기관인 간과 마찬가지로 종양치료에 유효한 $42^{\circ}C$-$43^{\circ}C$까지 잘 가온될 수 있음을 입증 하였다. 또한 폐의 온열요법시 종격동은 보다 높은 온도에 도달함으로 종격동의 열손상에 대한 고려가 필요함을 시사한다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.49-54
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• 1996

The purposes of this study were to measure skin temperature and blood flow on the contralateral upper extremity when heat is applied to one upper extremity, were to compare the effect of contrast bath. The subjects were 38 healthy adults with no history of peripheral vascular disease. The subjects of contrast bath were 18 persons and the subjects of warm bath were 20 persons. The subjects of one group were seated with their right arm in water($42^{\circ}C$) up to the mid-forearm. The subjects of the other group were seated with their right arm up to the mid-forearm in water which was changed from warm to cold using the contrast bath technique. The continually changing temperatures and blood flow were measured by an independent observer at intervals of 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes respectively after the start of the procedure. The results were as follows. The temperature of the warm bath group rose 4.28% over the pre-experimental temperatures and the temperature of the contrast bath group rose 3.41%. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. The blood flow of the warm bath group rose 8.31% over the pre-experimental blood flow and the blood flow of the contrast bath group rose 17.24%. There was a statistically significant between the two groups 20 minutes after the start of the procedure. Thus the contrast bath is a more effective method than the warm bath to increase blood flow.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.23-37
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• 2004

Fibromyalgia syndrome(FMS) is a chronic pain disorder of unknown etiology characterized by widespread musculoskeletal aches and pains, stiffness, and general fatigue, disturbed sleep and sleepiness. Frequently misdiagnosed, FMS is often confused with myofascial pain syndrome, polymyalgia rheumatica, polymyositis, hypothyroidism, metastatic carcinoma, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, chronic fatigue syndrome, or systemic lupus erythematosus, any of which may occur concomitantly with FMS. The management of FMS often begins with a thorough examination and a diagnosis from a physician who is formally trained in tender-point/trigger-point recognition. An initial diagnosis provides reassurance to the patient and often reduces the anxiety and depression patterns associated with FMS. The most common goals in the management of FMS are (1) to break the pain cycle, (2) to restore sleep patterns, and (3) to increase functional activity levels. Because FMS is a multifactorial syndrome, it is likely that the best treatment will encompass multiple strategies. Medication with analgesics and antidepressants and also physiotherapy, are often prescribed and give some relief. The other most effective intervention for long-term management of FS to date is physical exercise. Physical therapists can instruct patients in the use of heat at home (moist hot packs, heating pads, whirlpools, warm showers or baths, and hot pads) to increase local blood flow and to decrease muscle spasm and tension. Also instruct patients in the proper use of cold modalities (ice packs, ice massage, and cool baths) to anesthetize localized areas of pain (tender points) and break the pain cycle. Massage and tender-point massage also may promote muscle relaxation. To date, the two most important interventions for the long-term management of FS are patient education and physical exercise. Lately, is handling FMS and Chronic Fatigue syndrome(CFS) together, becuase FMS and CFS are poorly understood disorders that share similar demographic and clinical characteristics. Because of the clinical similarities between both disorders it was suggested that they share a common pathophysiological mechanism, namely, central nervous system dysfunction.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제9권7호
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• pp.523-528
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 단일 초음파 조사와 두 개의 저강도 초음파의 중첩 조사 시 발생하는 가열 특성을 평가하였다. 비교결과 단일 조사 조건보다 중첩 조사에서 보다 우수한 온열 효과를 보였으며 최대 상승 온도도 120-150% 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 초음파 조사에 의한 가열 개시 시간이 중첩 조사에서 짧아지며, 최대 가열 온도까지 소요되는 시간 역시 짧아짐을 확인할 수 있었다. 초음파 조사 강도가 커지면 매질의 표면 손상을 유발하는데, 저강도 중첩조사의 경우 표면의 손상없이 동일한 온도 상승 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과를 통하여 초음파 치료 시 적용 강도를 줄일 수 있을 것으로 생각되었으며, 저강도 초음파를 사용함으로써 보다 안전하고 효율적인 초음파 치료가 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.125-138
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• 2013

Objectives : This study aimed to investigate temperature characteristics by heat transfer type of therapeutic modalities. Methods : We selected heating and cooling modalities that are frequently used in clinical by heat transfer type: conduction, convection, radiation, and conversion. We used ham as tissue model, and applied the modalities for 30 minutes. We measured real-time changed temperature($^{\circ}C$) of the surface, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 mm depth. Results : 1. In conduction-using hot pack, ice pack, and CryoStamp heating-cooling combination therapy unit($40^{\circ}C/{\sim}15^{\circ}C$), the surface temperature sharply rose close to equilibrium in first 5 minutes. 2. In convection-using smokeless moxa, temperature slowly rose to the maximum at 25-minute elapsed time. But in another convection-using CRAiS cryotherapy device, result was similar to that of conduction. 3. In radiation-using infrared lamp, result was similar to that of conduction, but not reached equilibrium during applying time. 4. In conversion-using ultrasound device, temperature was the highest at 6 mm depth, and not reached equilibrium during applying time. Conclusions : We could comprehend temperature characteristics and proper use of modalities by heat transfer type. It would be necessary to consider in vivo physical conditions in further studies.

• 대한지역사회작업치료학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2014

목적 : 뇌졸중 환자가 요구하는 주거공간의 욕실 환경 특성을 알아보고 욕실 환경을 개선할 때 필요한 욕실 디자인 특성 선호도를 알아보았다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 2014년 2월 24일부터 3월 13일까지 부산지역의 병원에서 재활치료를 받고 있는 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며 총 97부를 분석하였다. 결과 : 욕실 환경에 대한 개선 요구 조사 결과 미끄러움 방지 타일 설치($3.63{\pm}1.29$)와 욕조의 안전바 설치($3.46{\pm}1.39$)가 높게 나타났고 남자에 비해 여자의 요구도가 전반적으로 높았다. 욕실디자인 특성 선호도 조사에서 뇌졸중 환자들은 미닫이문, 미닫이형 손잡이, 편의시설형 샤워부스, 미끄러움 방지 타일, 붙박이 수납장, L자형 안전바, 자연환기(창문), 바닥 난방, 들어가기 쉬운 욕조, 안전바가 설치된 욕조, 기울어지거나 물 온도가 표시되는 세면대, 안전바형 변기, 목욕 의자를 가장 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 뇌졸중 환자의 욕실 환경에 대한 개선요구와 욕실디자인 특성선호도를 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 향후 뇌졸중 환자들이 요구하는 욕실디자인을 제안하는데 기초자료를 제공할 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한지역사회작업치료학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2014

목적 : 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 부엌 환경에 대한 개선 요구도, 부엌 디자인 선호도, 부엌에 필요한 물품 선호를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 부산 지역의 병원에서 재활치료를 받고 있는 뇌졸중 환자 97명을 대상으로 2014년 2월 24일부터 3월 13일까지 설문조사를 실시하여 빈도분석을 하였다. 결론 : 부엌환경에 대한 개선 요구에서 작업할 수 있는 의자 사용, 미끄럼방지 타일의 설치에 대한 요구가 높았다. 부엌 디자인 선호 조사에서는 미끄럼방지 매트, 난방설비의 보일러, 서랍식 수납, L자형 안전손잡이, 높낮이 조절이 되는 싱크대, 가스누출 자동차단기, 터치식 수도꼭지, ㄷ자형 주방, 환기시설은 천장형 후드를 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 부엌에 필요한 물품 선호에서는 내려오는 싱크대 선반, 채 썰기 가위, 손 다침 방지 칼을 선호하였다. 결론 : 뇌졸중 환자의 부엌환경에 대한 선호를 알 수 있었으며 이는 향후 뇌졸중 환자의 부엌 사용의 자립도, 낙상 예방 및 주방용품의 안전성과 편리성이 고려된 부엌 설계에 도움이 될 것으로 보인다.

• Journal of the Korean Physical Society
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• 제73권10호
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• pp.1584-1588
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• 2018

During hyperthermia therapy, cancer cells are heated to a temperature in the range of $40{\sim}45^{\circ}C$ for a defined time period to damage these cells while keeping healthy tissues at safe temperatures. Prior to hyperthermia therapy, the amount of heat energy transferred to the cancer cells must be predicted. Among various non-invasive methods, the thermal prediction method using the specific absorption rate (SAR) is the most widely used method. The existing methods predict the thermal distribution by using a single constant for the mass density in one organ through assignment. However, because the SAR and the bio heat equation (BHE) vary with the mass density, the mass density of each organ must be accurately considered. In this study, the mass density distribution was calculated using the relationship between the Hounsfield unit and the mass density of tissues in preceding research. The SAR distribution was found using a quasi-static approximation to Maxwell's equation and was used to calculate the potential distribution and the energy distributions for capacitive RF heating. The thermal distribution during exposure to RF waves was determined by solving the BHE with consideration given to the considering contributions of heat conduction and external heating. Compared with reference data for the mass density, our results was within 1%. When the reconstructed temperature distribution was compared to the measured temperature distribution, the difference was within 3%. In this study, the density distribution and the thermal distribution were reconstructed for the agar phantom. Based on these data, we developed an algorithm that could be applied to patients.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.137-145
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• 2011

Objectives : This research dealt with the content of the hot medicinal compress technique in Donguibogam in order to develope the hot medicinal compress technique as a new therapy technique. Methods : In this research, we searched for the hot medicinal compress treatment in Donguibogam. Results : The hot medicinal compress technique mainly cures the diseases on the body surface and it can be applied to digestive troubles and gynecologic diseases. The hot medicinal compress technique is operated mainly at wound around the affected parts and it is applied to the constitutional symptom at the abdominal region. In the hot medicinal compress technique was used much more with medication, and the herbs used in the treatment consists of hot tastes and the warm characteristics. In the hot medicinal compress method with direct heating the herbs was mainly used. Conclusions : The hot medicinal compress technique is considered as treatment which can be utilized easily and it can be used an easy and useful self-treatment.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.164-168
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• 2011

Magnetic nanoparticles can potentially be used in drug delivery systems and for hyperthermia therapy. The applicability of $Fe_3O_4$, $CoFe_2O_4$, $MgFe_2O_4$, and $NiFe_2O_4$ nanoparticles for the same was studied by evaluating their magnetization, thermal efficiency, and biocompatibility. $Fe_3O_4$ and $CoFe_2O_4$ nanoparticles exhibited large magnetization. $Fe_3O_4$ and $NiFe_2O_4$ nanoparticles exhibited large induction heating. $MgFe_2O_4$ nanoparticles exhibited low magnetization compared to the other nanoparticles. $NiFe_2O_4$ nanoparticles were found to be cytotoxic, whereas the other nanoparticles were not cytotoxic. This study indicates that $Fe_3O_4$ nanoparticles could be the most suitable ones for hyperthermia therapy.