• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.89-95
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• 1998

This study is about the process of change of Korean rural house based on usage of residential space. This paper aims to identify the patterns of change and the characteristics of usage of space, to suggest the planning directions for the desirable rural house. The major findings are summarized as follows : 1) The spatial structure of the rural house has been changed largely, major changes of this are as follows : enlargement of An-bang size, heating of traditional floor, introduction of bathroom and utility room, improvement of kitchen. 2) The satisfaction of the rural house has relation to the lot size and house size. 3) The life style which centered An-bang is changing into the that which centered living room. The number of unused rooms are increased while the family member decreased. 4) The residents have medial degrees of satisfaction at inner space of the rural house. 5) The need of Bu-sok-sa(storage space) as space for the farming machines has been increased. 6) The new strategies for planning the desirable rural house is need to be developed, which include the advantages of traditional rural house, planning techniques of the ego-oriented residential space. effective usage of living space. the formation of the rural village image.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.693-696
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• 2005

KIGAM (Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources) launched a new project to develop the low-temperature geothermal water in the area showing high geothermal anomaly, north of Pohang city, for large-scale space heating. Surface geologic and geophysical surveys including Landsat 1M image analysis, gravity, magnetic, Magnetotelluric (MT) and controlled-source audio-frequency MT (CSAMT), and self-potential (SP) methods have been conducted and the possible fracture zone was found that would serve as deeply connected geothermal water conduit. In 2004, two test wells of 1.1km and 1.5km depths have been drilled and various kinds of borehole survey including geophysical logging, pumping test, SP monitoring, core logging and sample analysis have followed. Temperature of geothermal water at the bottom of 1.5km borehole reached over $70^{\circ}C$ and the pumping test showed that the reservoir contained huge amount of geothermal water. Drilling for the production well of 2 km depth is on going. After test utilization and the feasibility study, geothermal water developed from the production well is going to be provided to nearby apartments.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.55-59
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• 2004

We have developed a two fluid solar wind model from the Sun to 1 AU. Its basic equations are mass, momentum and energy conservations. In these equations, we include a wave mechanism of heating the corona and accelerating the wind. The two fluid model takes into account the power spectrum of Alfvenic wave fluctuation. Model computations have been made to fit observational constraints such as electron($T_e$) and proton($T_p$) temperatures and solar wind speed(V) at 1 AU. As a result, we obtained physical quantities of solar wind as follows: $T_e$ is $7.4{\times}10^5$ K and density(n) is $1.7 {\times}10^7\;cm^{-3}$ in the corona. At 1 AU $T_e$ is $2.1 {\times} 10^5$ K and n is $0.3 cm^{-3}$, and V is $511 km\;s^{-1}$. Our model well explains the heating of protons in the corona and the acceleration of the solar wind.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.10 no.E
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• pp.343-356
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• 1994

In this study, a statistical investigation was carried out for the evaluation of any relationship between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHss) associated with ambient aerosols and other air quality parameters under varying meteorological conditions. Daily measurements for PAHs and air quality/meteorological parameters were selected from a data-base constructed by a comprehensive air monitoring in London during 1985-1987. Correlation coefficients were calculated to examine any significant relationship between the PAHs and other individual variables. Statistical analysis was further Performed for the air quality/meteorological data set using a principal component analysis to derive important factors inherent in the interactions among the variables. A total of six components were identified, representing vehicle emission, photochemical activity/volatilization, space heating, atmospheric humidity, atmospheric stability, and wet deposition. It was found from a stepwise multiple regression analysis that the vehicle emission component is overall the most important factor contributing to the variability of PAHs concentrations at the monitoring site. The photochemical activity/volatilzation component appeared to be also an important factor particularly for the lower molecular weight PAHs. In general, the space heating component was found to be next important factor, while the contributions of other three components to the variance of each PAHs did not appear to be as much important as the first three components in most cases. However, a consistency for these components in their negative correlations with PAHs data was found, indicating their roles in the depletion of PAHs concentrations in the urban atmosphere.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.74-81
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• 2017

In this study, the combined-type diffuser developed by the Authors, in a previous study, was applied to a residential space. The performance of a ventilation and thermal environment, created by the use of a combined-type diffuser was compared to the pan-type diffuser widely used in apartment houses. In cooling conditions, because of the relatively high air flow rate of ceiling cassette-type air conditioners, the characteristics of airflow distribution in a room were governed by the air conditioner's airflow. In heating conditions, because of the low air flow rate of the diffuser, the characteristics of airflow distribution were governed by the buoyancy effect created by cold external walls and a hot floor. In terms of the Air Diffusion Performance Index (ADPI), which is a thermal environmental index, the result of a combined-type diffuser was greater than a pan-type diffuser in both of cooling and heating conditions. Consequently, the combined-type diffuser showed equal or superior ventilation and thermal environment performance compared to a pan-type diffuser.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.144-152
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• 1985

This paper temperature gradient thermally stimulated surface potentian (TG-TSSP) in measurements are applied to the study of the polarity of trapped and ionic carriers in cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) filsm. In the thermally stimulated current in uniform temperature (TSC) of XLPE five peaks appear as indicated of the A B C D and E. In this paper A (at about -120$^{\circ}C$) D (at about 70$^{\circ}C$) and E (at about 110$^{\circ}C$) peaks are investigated. A peak is due to the biassing voltage and biassing temperature. Appear in to the glass transition temperature territory and caused in to the polarization of dipole. D peak is due to the depolarization of ionic space charge and E peak due to the detrapping of carriers injected from the electrodes. TG-TSSP and TSSP are measured to study the polarity of ionic carrier (D peak). In the unsatureated region of ionic space charge polarization, TG-TSSP is lower than TSSP during the initial stage of heating. Result of the experiment for E peak, TG-TSSP is higher than TSSP during the initial stage of heating and these results do not depend on the polarity of biassing voltage, and E peak is concerned with positive carriers (Holes).

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.25.1-25.1
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• 2010

This talk outlines the current understanding of solar flares, mainly focusing on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) processes. A flare causes plasma heating, mass ejection, and particle acceleration that generates high-energy particles. The key physical processes related to a flare are: the emergence of magnetic field from the solar interior to the solar atmosphere (flux emergence), formation of current-concentrated areas (current sheets) in the corona, and magnetic reconnection proceeding in current sheets that causes shock heating, mass ejection, and particle acceleration. A flare starts with the dissipation of electric currents in the corona, followed by various dynamic processes which affect lower atmospheres such as the chromosphere and photosphere. In order to understand the physical mechanism for producing a flare, theoretical modeling has been developed, in which numerical simulation is a strong tool reproducing the time-dependent, nonlinear evolution of plasma before and after the onset of a flare. In this talk we review various models of a flare proposed so far, explaining key features of these models. We show observed properties of flares, and then discuss the processes of energy build-up, release, and transport, all of which are responsible for producing a flare. We come to a concluding view that flares are the manifestation of recovering and ejecting processes of a global magnetic flux tube in the solar atmosphere, which was disrupted via interaction with convective plasma while it was rising through the convection zone.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.206-214
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• 2017

In this study, measurement of thermophysical properties of materials at high temperatures was performed. This experiment employed a heater device to heat the material to a high temperature. The images of the specimen surface due to thermal load at various temperatures were recorded using charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras. Afterwards, the full-field thermal deformation of the specimen was determined using the digital image correlation (DIC) method. The capability and accuracy of the proposed technique are verified by two experiments: (1) thermal deformation and strain measurement of a stainless steel specimen that was heated to $590^{\circ}C$ and (2) thermal expansion and thermal contraction measurements of specimen in the process of heating and cooling. This research focused on two goals: first, obtaining the temperature dependence of the coefficient of thermal expansion, which can be used as data input for finite element simulation; and second, investigating the capability of the DIC method in measuring full-field thermal deformation and strain. The results of the measured coefficient of thermal expansion were close to the values available in the handbook. The measurement results were in good agreement with finite element method simulation results. The results reveal that DIC is an effective and accurate technique for measuring full-field high-temperature thermal strain in engineering fields such as aerospace engineering.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.113-119
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• 2016

Purpose: In this study, we evaluate the annual energy performance of the detached house which was designed with the aim of zero energy. Method: The experimental house which was constructed in Gonju Chungnam in 2013, is the single family detached house of light weight wood frame with $100m^2$ of heating area. Thermal transmittance of roof (by ISO 10211) and building external walls are designed as $0.10W/m^2K$ and $0.14W/m^2$ respectively and low-e coating vacuum window glazing with PVC frame was installed. Also grid connected PV system and natural-circulation solar water heater was applied and 6kWp capacity of photovoltaic module was installed in pitched roof and $5m^2$ of solar collector in vertical wall facing the south. We analyzed the 2014 annual data of the detached house in which residents were actually living, measured though web-based remote monitoring system. Result: First, as a result, total annual energy consumption and energy production (PV generation and solar hot water) are 7,919kWh and 7,689kWh respectively and the rate of energy independence is 97.1% which is almost close to the zero energy. Second, plug load and hot water of energy consumption by category showed the highest numbers each with 33% and 31%, with following space heating 24%, electric cooker 8%, lighting 3% in order. Hot water supply is relatively higher than space heating because high insulation makes it decreased.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.197-212
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to find out the physical change of the farm house and its anbang(the main room : master bed room), to identify the behavioral changes : activity and awareness of anbang, and to clarify the relationship between the physical changes of the farm house, and the behavioral changes of housing life-style in the anbang space. Bibliographical studies, cultural approaches and field survey method with questionnaire were used to collect data from 55 residents of Anwhari and Yangkyori in Pyong Teck Koon. Tables and drawings were made to analyze the data. The major findings were 1) the heating system of the ondol anbang. The most popular type is the double heating system(new pipes added to the traditional ondol). This combination ondol system brought some conviniences to the farmers. This change in structure of the ondol were of four types : Complete change in style, enlarged-completely changed style, partially changed style, enlarged-partially changed style. 2) from 1960 through 1970 lighting of the anbang changed room oil lamp to electricity. 3) the finishing material of the anbang floor changed from traditional oil paper and straw mats to vinyl flooring. 4) Traditional furniture and small decor items are gradually disappearing and are being replaced by modern items. 5) The awareness and actual use of the ondol anbang has not much changed from the multi-functional and sacred space of daily living : which are the characteristics of Korean traditional ondol anbang. The biggest consistency in the ondol anbang is the heating system of the floor, which is the characteristic of ondol culture in Korea. This system will continue regardless of time and place in Korea.