• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.835-848
• /
• 2015

In the past, Korea had many kinds of jeupjang (succulent jang), a rapidly maturing original Korean jang (fermented soybean paste) of which there is no record in Chinese cookbooks. However, this local delicacy has almost been forgotten. Therefore, we looked for information about jeupjang in cookbooks written prior to the Joseon Dynasty in Korea (1392~1910) and in the 1950s. Among the recipes, there were 34 jeupjangs prepared with vegetables, such as eggplant and cucumber, and 9 without. The main ingredients of jeupjang are soybean, bran (wheat crust), and barley, and wild wheat is also used. Jeupjang is made in small portions to expedite its rapid maturation, but the most common form is egg-shaped, and there is also a flat or round, hilt-shaped version. In most cases, jeupjang consists of a mixture of meju powder (moldy soybean), water, and salt. Other ingredients can include nuruk (moldy bran), bran, wheat flour, an alcoholic beverage, maljang (dried fermented soybeans), ganjang (liquid soy sauce), malt, and takju (Korean murky wine). Jeupjang meju can be fermented in a vessel, most widely in baskets made of straw (sum and dungumi) or willow or interwoven twigs (chirung), but jars can also be used. The leaves of the paper mulberry are generally used for the mat and cover, but straw or leaves of the sumac, mulberry, or pine tree, soy, and fallen leaves are also used. Unlike other jangs, jeupjang is matured at $60^{\circ}C$ to $65^{\circ}C$, using heat emitted from the decomposition of horse dung, haystacks, or manure. Jeupjang became defunct or was transformed into jeomjang, jiraejang, mujang, paggeumjang, makjang, jipjang, and tojang. These jangs differ from jeupjang in that they use rice, malt, or hot pepper powder.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.5-10
• /
• 2010

The $Ca_2SiO_4$ phosphors doped by La with 0.1 wt%, 0.3 wt%, 0.5 wt%, and 1.0 wt% concentration were prepared by sintering at $1000^{\circ}C$ for 90 minutes in N2 atmosphere. The phosphors were ground in powdered form and were grouped in $100{\mu}m$ size, then the samples had been exposed to low energy X-ray and UV light. The TL glow curves were measured by heating the phosphors at $10^{\circ}C/s$ rate. There was no significantly meaningful correlation between the TL intensity and the doping level. The intensities of the TL peak measured from X-ray irradiated samples doped with 0.1 wt% were relatively strong. The activation energy and the frequency factor were 0.434 ~ 0.516 eV and 0.5 ~ 0.56, respectively. The intensities of the TL peak measured from UV irradiated samples doped with 0.3 wt% were relatively strong. The activation energy and frequency factor were 0.415 ~ 0.477 eV and 0.5 ~ 0.53, respectively. The TL process were found to be the 2nd order for both X-ray and UV irradiation. The TL intensity was increased linearly with the increase of the radiation dose. In summary, the $Ca_2SiO_4 phosphors developed in this study showed good TL characteristics at low energy X-ray and UV light. We believe they will be used as TLDs in near future for personal and environmental radiation detection dosimetry.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.63-74
• /
• 2007

This study aims to develop rural house maintenance technique by researching and analyzing the demand for rural house by urban retirees or urbanites who are planning to retire. The target for the survey consisted of urban retirees or urbanites who are planning to retire at the ages between 40 and 65, and were divided into group A, the attendants in rural-related education, and group B, the non-attendants in rural-related education. The contents of the survey included the plan and purpose for rural settlement, the utilization form or residential form of rural house and its expected size, necessary in-house facilities, necessary community facilities, improvement and maintenance factors of rural house, political and legal support for the application of rural house maintenance, etc. The results findings of this study are as follows; 1)For both group, the major purpose of rural settlement appeared to be 'for rural life', utilization form of rural house to be 'acquired ownership or use of empty house', residential form to be 'cohabitation', expected size to be 'under $20{\sim}30$ pung', and expenditure to be 'under $50{\sim}100\;million$'. 2)Most wanted necessary in-house facilities included backyard, multipurpose storage room for group A, and backyard, garden for group B. Necessary community facilities included boardwalk, sewage disposal unit for group A, and boardwalk, shop for group B. 3)Improvement factor for rural house showed 'poor insulation' as first factor for both groups, and for maintenance factor, 'backyard', 'under-floor heating' for group A, and 'environmental-friendly materials', 'backyard' for group B. 4)Most wanted overall political and legal support included 'support on land and real estate supply' for group A, and 'medical and transportation service' for group B. For both group, most wanted support when purchasing a house included 'provision of information on house and realestate purchase', and for legal support, 'legal support for guaranteed house and maintenance' as first factor. The results of this study could be utilized to restructure the rural residence, which would meet the diverse demand of both rural residents and urbanites by providing an opportunity for urbanites to enjoy rural life.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.64-70
• /
• 2018

In this study, eleven major coastal areas were selected and the climate environment and the greenhouse direction were analyzed. This research investigates the greenhouse heat loss according to the wind environment at target areas. The target areas were selected based on heated greenhouse cultivation area and wind environment standard. Temperature, wind speed, and wind direction among weather data for 30 years were collected and analyzed. The data were divided into the minimum, average, and maximum temperatures and the Meteorological Agency criteria applied to the weather and wind direction criteria. Data were collected in the range of $0{\sim}180^{\circ}$ considering the symmetry of the shape of the greenhouse. In addition, the wind direction is different for each region and the applied wind direction can be different when referring to the longitudinal direction of the greenhouse and the data are collected in the range of $0{\sim}90^{\circ}$. The results of this study are expected to be used to calculate the heating load of greenhouse installed in places wind speed high.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2018

The proportion of natural gas-fueled power generation is expanding due to the change of domestic energy policy pursuing reduction of dust and increasing clean energy consumption. Natural gas fuels used for the combined-cycle power plants and the district-heating power plants are operated at high temperature and high pressure in the fuel supply system. Accidents due to leakage of the gas such as fire and explosion should be prevented by applying risk management techniques. In this study, risk assessment was performed on the natural gas fuel supply system of a combined power plant based on the API RP 581 RBI code. For the application of the API RBI code, lines and segments of the evaluation target system were identified. Operational data and input information were analyzed for the calculations of probability of failure and consequence of failure. The results of the risk assessment were analyzed over time from the initial installation time. In the code-based evaluation, the gas fuel supply system was mainly affected by thinning, external damage, and mechanical fatigue damage mechanisms. As the operating time passes, the risk is expected to increase due to the external damage caused by the CUI(Corrosion Under Insulation).

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.176-188
• /
• 2008

Anthropogenic emissions of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide in Northeast Asia are of great concern because of their impact on air quality and atmospheric chemistry on regional and intercontinental scales. Satellite remote sensing based on DOAS (Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) technique has been preferred to measure atmospheric trace species and to investigate their emission characteristics on regional and global scales. Absorption spectra obtained by the satellite-born instrument, SCIAMACHY (Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography) have been utilized to retrieve the information of $SO_2$ and $NO_2$ over Northeast Asia. $SO_2$ levels over Northeast Asia were in order of East China, Yellow Sea, South Sea and Korean Peninsula with mean vertical columns of $1.78({\pm}1.0){\times}10^{16}$, $1.11({\pm}0.67){\times}10^{16}$, $0.60({\pm}0.63){\times}10^{16}$, $0.71({\pm}0.65){\times}10^{16}\;molecules/cm^2$, respectively. $NO_2$ levels were in order of East China, Yellow Sea, Korean Peninsula, and South Sea with mean vertical columns of $1.2({\pm}0.56){\times}10^{16}$, $0.38({\pm}0.19){\times}10^{16}$, $0.48({\pm}0.28){\times}10^{16}$, $0.26({\pm}0.16){\times}10^{16}\;molecules/cm^2$, respectively. High levels of $SO_2$ and $NO_2$ were observed over East China, in particular in winter by the contribution of heating fuel combustion exhausts. The $SO_2$ and $NO_2$ levels over East China were the highest in January with 34% and 42% higher over the annual means. Low levels of $SO_2$ ranged over Korean peninsula, while $NO_2$ levels were relatively high, in particular in winter. The $SO_2$ and $NO_2$ levels over Yellow Sea were relatively higher compared to those over Korean peninsula and South Sea, which could be mainly attributed to their transport from East China.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.47-52
• /
• 2009

The comparative analysis on physico-chemical characteristics of municipal solid waste from dwelling site and landfill site were performed to provide the fundamental information of waste management in Chungju city. It was analysed and evaluated the bulk density, physical component, three major component, chemical component, and heating value of MSW. The physical components depended on the sampling site in dwelling site and landfill site. But, by the ultimate analysis, the chemical composition was almost similar to result for municipal solid waste from dwelling site and landfill site. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the physical components according to sampling site for the MBT to introduce for combustible municipal solid waste pre-treatment, but it needs the chemical composition from landfill site to design the incinerator. The physical composition showed that the combustible and the noncombustible occupied 87.4% and 12.6% respectively. In case of three component analysis, the moisture, the combustible, and the ash were 27.6, 60.5, 11.9% respectively. The chemical composition through the element analysis were C (50.1%), H (6%), O (39.5%), N (1.9%), S (0.5%), and Cl (1.3%).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.2 no.4
• /
• pp.60-66
• /
• 1998

The hot stove system is a process that is continuously and constantly generating the hot combustion air required for the blast furnace. The hot stove process is considered as a main energy consumption process because it consumes about $20\%$ of the total energy in steel making works. So, many researchers have interested in the improvement of the heat efficiency of the hot stove to reduce the energy consumption. But they have difficulties in improving the heat efficiency of the hot stove because there is no precise information on heat transformation occurring during the heating period. In order to model the relationship between the operating conditions and heat efficiencies, we propose a neural network using feature extraction as one of experimental modeling methods. In order to show the performance of the model, we compare it with Partial Least Square (PLS) method. Both methods have similarities in using the dimension reduction technique. And then we present the simulation results on the prediction of the heat efficiency of the hot stove.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.317-325
• /
• 2015

This paper attempts to present a review about simulation of different greenhouse parameters and energy supplying techniques by using building energy simulation, to find out the optimal solution for keeping greenhouse microclimate favorable for the crop production. The objectives of conducting this study were, to describe the various energy systems and techniques used for the greenhouse energy management and efficiency analysis of these technologies by using building energy simulation. We describe different models to understand the behavior of the energy saving technologies with respect to the resources available and different outside climatic conditions. We identified main features of the building energy simulation software, that enable users, to simulate hybrid agricultural building projects by using user defined parameters. At the end of the paper we draw some important concluding remarks on the basis of reviewing all the investigators contributions for the developments of simulation model of agricultural greenhouse energy management, using a building energy simulation software specifically TRNSYS. In conclusion, this paper provides information that TRNSYS have great potential for agricultural buildings energy simulation along with the renewable energy resources and energy saving techniques. This review paper provides aid to greenhouse researcher and energy planner for the future studies of greenhouses energy planning.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.75-87
• /
• 2010

For two input-protection schemes suitable for RF ICs utilizing the thyristor and diode protection devices, which can be fabricated in standard CMOS processes, we attempt an in-depth comparison on HBM ESD robustness in terms of lattice heating inside protection devices and peak voltages developed across gate oxides in input buffers, based on DC, mixed-mode transient, and AC analyses utilizing a 2-dimensional device simulator. For this purpose, we construct an equivalent circuit for an input HBM test environment of a CMOS chip equipped with the input ESD protection circuits, which allows mixed-mode transient simulations for various HBM test modes. By executing mixed-mode simulations including up to six active protection devices in a circuit, we attempt a detailed analysis on the problems, which can occur in real tests. In the procedure, we suggest to a recipe to ease the bipolar trigger in the protection devices and figure out that oxide failure in internal circuits is determined by the junction breakdown voltage of the NMOS structure residing in the protection devices. We explain the characteristic differences of two protection schemes as an input ESD protection circuit for RF ICs, and suggest valuable guidelines relating design of the protection devices and circuits.