• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2010

The purposes of this study are to understand residents' needs in regard to living space and to suggest how to provide layout options for the infill, based on their needs, so that the residents can change their living space to suit their own need. This study analyzed residents' needs in terms of living spaces through literature reviews on apartment remodeling and related previous studies. The results are as follows: First, the residents remodeled the various infill, and remodeling works are then classified into five infill groups according to the flexible features: 1) structural elements, such as flooring, ceilings, interior walls, and windows/doors; 2) equipment elements, such as lighting and electricity, electrical wiring, heating arrangements, and water supply & drainage systems: 3) finishing material elements, such as finishing materials for floors, walls, and ceilings, skirting boards, moldings, and art walls; 4) furniture elements, such as built-in wardrobes, storage closets, and kitchen cabinets; and 5) bathroom facility elements such as faucets and sinks. Second, based on the remodeling features, four ways to provide options can be suggested. 1) options are provided for each room; 2) options are provided in connection with structural elements; 3) options are provided for each finishing material element; and 4) options are provided with the combinations of different bathroom facilities.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 유체기계공업학회 2004년도 유체기계 연구개발 발표회 논문집
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• pp.225-231
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• 2004

Scroll compressor has been used extensively for refrigeration since the early 1980's for its improved efficiency, greater reliability, smoother operation, lower noise and vibration. And also, nowadays, the scroll mechanism is used for expander even though in niche market yet. But scroll expander has not been used for high-temperature and high-pressure gas, because the continuous expansion of the gas causes a wide range of temperature distribution over the whole scroll wrap that leads to differential thermal expansion of scroll elements, which results in system vibrations, noise and efficiency losses. For the scroll expander to produce power more efficiently, all of radial and radial clearances between scroll wrap must be the same. In order to reduce differential thermal expansion in addition to improvements in thermal efficiency and specific power, we propose a scroll expander with heating structure. Heat-pipe heating structure is considered as the most effective method to heat the scroll expander at a uniform temperature. This paper includes some results of preliminary study of the scroll expander with heating structure and proposals of their systems for power generation and refrigeration.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.503-512
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• 2018

Globally there is an increasing need to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions and increase the use of renewable sources of energy. The storage of solar thermal energy is a crucial aspect for implementing the solar energy for space heating in high latitudes, where solar insolation is high in summer and almost negligible in winter when the domestic heating demand is high. To use the solar heating during winter thermal energy storage is required. In this paper, equations representing the single U-tube heat exchanger are implemented in weak form edge elements in COMSOL Multiphysics(R) to speed up the calculation process for modelling of a borehole storage layout. Multiple borehole seasonal solar thermal energy storage scenarios are successfully simulated. After 5 years of operation, the most efficient simulated borehole pattern containing 168 borehole heat exchangers recovers 69% of the stored seasonal thermal energy and provides 971 MWh of thermal energy for heating in winter.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.137-147
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• 2018

본 연구 목적은 페널티원소가 포함된 정광을 질산용액으로 마이크로웨이브 용출하여 Bi와 As를 효과적으로 용출하고자 하였다. 정광시료에 대한 페널티원소와 유용금속들의 용출특성을 마이크로웨이브 용출시간, 질산농도 및 정광 첨가량에 대하여 조사하였다. 그 결과 페널티원소인 Bi와 As의 용출률은 마이크로웨이브 용출시간이 증가할수록, 질산농도가 증가할수록 그리고 정광 첨가량이 감소할수록 증가하였다. 정광과 광석광물을 마이크로웨이브 가열하자, Bi가 90% 이상 제거되었고, 황비철석은 자류철석-적철석으로 상변환 되었다. 고체-잔류물에 대하여 XRD분석한 결과, 단체 황과 anglesite가 나타났다. 단체 황과 anglesite의 XRD peak는 1분에서보다 12분에서, 0.5 M보다 4 M에서 그리고 5 g보다 30 g에서 intensity가 더 증가하였고 예리해졌다. 이와 같은 결과는 용출효율이 증가할수록 더 많은 단체 황과 anglesite가 생성되기 때문인 것으로 사료된다. 정광을 마이크로웨이브 가열하면 Bi와 As가 대기 중으로 손실되지만, 질산용액으로 마이크로웨이브 용출하면 Bi와 같은 유용금속이 용출되어 회수될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2003

This study aims to survey the living spaces of the welfare facilities for the aged to get the objective relationships between the physical thermal environment and the users' subjective responses. The surveys were made twice in winter and once in summer during 2001 and 2002. An ambient temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, globe temperature were measured as physical elements of thermal environment and the ASHRAE Psychophysical Voting Scale were used as an evaluation index for subjective responses. As the results, the aged respond thermally comfortable, in spite of the differences among important factors such as thermal sensations, humidity sensations and air velocity sensations. Also the physical thermal environmental elements and the subjective responses indices exceed thermal comfort range calculated by PMV(Predicted Mean Vote) and PPD(Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied). It shows that the insulation of walls of the facilities is not enough for heating and cooling seasons, and the indoor environmental control is necessary.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2002

Poly-Si/$SiO_2$/Si 하부기판구조 위에 Co 금속을 E-beam evaporation 방식으로 증착하고 급속 열처리 방식을 통해 프린터 heater용 코발트실리사이드 박막을 형성하였다. 급속열처리 온도 (600~$900^{\circ}C$)와 시간 (20~40초)을 변수로 하여 코발트실리사이드의 결정상 및 성분분포를 조사하였다. 또한 제작된 박막의 면저항과 결정특성 분석을 통해 고온에서의 열적 안정성을 확인하였다. $800^{\circ}C$ 온도에서 20초간 급속열처리한 경우 면저항이 약 $0.8 \Omega /\Box$ 인 안정한 $CoSi_2$ 결정상의 코발트실리사이드 박막이 얻어졌다. 그러나 $700^{\circ}C$ 이하의 온도에서는 결정상의 변화에 따라 코발트실리사이드 박막의 면저항이 급격히 증가하였다. 코발트실리사이드 박막의 온도저항계수는 약 $0.0014/^{\circ}C$ 값을 나타내었으며, 프린터 발열체로 응용가능함을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2014

Recently, the coverage of urban forests has been rapidly decreasing as the cities are created and expanding. Consequently, there arise urban problems such as heat island effect, urban flooding, urban desertification and so on. In this context, green roof systems is considered to be an efficient alternative to deal with these problems. However, it is difficult to apply green roof to new buildings since the majority of the buildings in cities are already constructed and the demand for new building constructions is not high enough. Therefore, it should be considered to apply green roof system to existing buildings for resolving various problems. This study evaluates heating and cooling energy consumption based on the combination of passive design factors such as wall, roof, window insulation in addition to a green roof system applied to an existing house by using an energy simulation program. Total 8 potential improvement cases are developed. Each case is applied to the same house with different insulation standard for simulations. Through the analysis of the simulated cases with the chosen test house, it is confirmed that heating energy consumption decreases as improvement cases are applied, but cooling energy consumption is relatively not much affected by each improvement case. In addition, when each improvement case is applied to already highly insulated house, the effect of thermal energy improvement decreases while the same improvement that is applied to the case with low insulated house tends to yield higher improvement rate.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2017

Quantifying the trace elements in infinitesimal ambient liquid samples (e.g., single raindrop, cloud/fog water, and the soluble fraction extracted from the particles collected for a short time) is an important task for understanding formation processes, heating/cooling rates, and their health hazards. The purpose of this study is to employ an in-air micro PIXE system for quantitative analysis of the trace elements in a thimbleful of reference liquid sample. The bag type liquid sample holder originally designed with $10{\mu}m$ thick $Mylar^{(R)}$ film retained the original shape without any film perforation and apparent peaks of film blank by the end of the analysis. As one of tasks to be solved, the homogeneity of the elemental distribution in liquid reference species was verified by the X-ray line profiles for several references. It was possible to resolve the significant peaks for whole target elements corresponding to the channel number of micro-PIXE spectrum. The calibration curves for the six target elements (Si, S, Cl, Fe, Ni, and Zn) in standard solutions were successfully plotted by concentration (ppm) and ROI of interest net counts/dose (nC).

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.252-256
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• 2002

We studied YBCO films for current limiting of the resistive type which utilizes a transition from superconducting to normal state caused by exceeding critical current. The films were deposited on sapphire substrates and covered by gold top layer. The current limiting element consists of 2 mm wide YBCO stripes connected in series. A serious problem in using YBCO films for current limiting is inhomogeneities caused by imperfect manufacturing. Therefore simultaneous quench is a difficult problem when elements for current limiting are connected in series. So some researchers have recently proposed using magnetic field and heating for simultaneous quench. We have measured extended exec trim field-current density(E-J) characteristics for current limiting elements of YBCO films in applied magnetic field of 0 - 130 mT. And we have investigated quench characteristics in current limiting elements and between elements of YBCO films in applied magnetic field. The result of the experiments show that the presence of applied magnetic fields induces uniform quench distribution fur the stripes in element at $50V_{rms}$, otherwise non-uniform quenches were observed. And simultaneous quenches between elements were investigated at $150V_{rms}$. We suggest that suppressing the critical current by increased fields due to fault current effectively forced the stripes of higher $J_{c}$(0) to quench, resulting in equalizing quench times.s.s.s.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.46-52
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• 2014

본 논문은 마이크로파와 고온발열체에 의한 유류오염토양의 정화효율에 관한 연구를 정리한 것이다. 수분의 함량은 처리량에 따라 측정이 되었는데 상대적으로 짧은 시간에 300 g에 도달했다. TPH(Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons)처리 속도는 SiC 발열체를 단독으로 사용했을 때와 비교하였을 때, SiC와 활성탄을 4 kW/kg에서 동시에 사용했을 때 70.1%의 제거율로 가장 높은 값을 보여주었다. 특히, 3 kW/kg때를 제외하고는 전력이 증가할수록 처리속도도 증가하였다. SiC와 활성탄으로 제작된 발열체를 사용할 경우, 내부 온도가 $300^{\circ}C$를 초과하였으며, 4 kW로 2분동안 유지되었을 때 온도가 다시 하락하였으나, 8분이후에는 다시 온도가 상승하였다. 이러한 결과를 기초로 하여, 샘플을 처리하기 위한 에너지량은 마이크로파의 전력에 따라 계산이 되었으며, TPH처리 상수는 유류오염토양의 처리 특성에 관한 다양한 실험에 의해 측정이 되었다.