• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.449-455
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 한 온실 내에서 딸기 재배 베드를 관부 난방 적용 베드, 관행 베드 2처리로 나누고 동일 환경에서 관부 난방이 딸기 재배 환경, 출뢰, 개화 및 수확량에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 관부 난방 전 두 처리에서 딸기 관부 온도 및 배지 온도는 큰 차이 없었으며, 외기온이 낮은 12월, 1월, 2월에는 시험구의 주간 평균 딸기 관부 온도는 대조구에 비해 1.3℃ 높았으며, 야간 평균 딸기 관부 온도는 대조구에 비해 2.7℃ 높게 나타났다. 주간 배지 온도는 시험구가 대조구보다 평균 1.7℃ 높았으며, 야간 배지 온도는 시험구가 대조구보다 평균 2.4℃ 높게 나타났다. 딸기 관부 온도와 출뢰 기간에 대한 상관분석 및 회귀분석을 수행한 결과 상관계수는 -0.86으로 높은 음의 상관관계를 보여 관부 온도가 높을수록 출뢰 기간이 짧아지는 경향이 있었으며, 결정계수는 0.74로 높은 설명력을 보였다. 딸기 화아분화는 10-20℃에서 촉진되고, 5-10℃, 25-30℃에서는 효과가 없으며, 5℃ 이하 및 30℃ 이상일 때는 저해되는데, 대조구 온실이 외기온이 낮은 12월, 1월, 2월에, 특히 야간의 딸기 관부 온도가 월별로 각각7.3℃, 7.6℃, 8.8℃로 나타나 10℃ 이하로 유지되면서 화아분화가 촉진되지 않았고, 시험구에 비해 출뢰, 개화가 늦은 것으로 판단된다. 3월 말까지의 딸기 수확량은 시험구 392.6g/plant, 대조구 346.0g/plant로 관부 온돡 높았던 시험구에서 약 13.5% 높게 나타났으며, 딸기의 품질은 2L 등급과 L 등급의 비율이 시험구 62.4%, 대조구 58.5%로 시험구에서 높은 등급의 딸기 비율이 더 많은 것으로 나타났다. 딸기의 화아분화의 주요인은 온도이고, 2차적 요인은 일장이므로 추후 연구를 통해 관부 온도뿐만 아니라 일장 등 다양한 요소를 고려하여 딸기 생육, 수확량의 변화를 분석해보는 연구도 필요하다고 판단된다.

• 대기
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.53-67
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• 2018

This study examined the lake effect of the Yellow Sea which was induced by the Siberian High pressure system moving over the open waters. The development mechanism of the convective cells over the ocean was studied in detail using the Weather Research and Forecasting model. Numerical experiments consist of the control experiment (CTL) and an experiment changing the yellow sea to dry land (EXP). The CTL simulation result showed distinct high area of relative vorticity, convergence and low-level atmospheric instability than that of the EXP. The result indicates that large surface vorticity and convergence induced vertical motion and low level instability over the ocean when the arctic Siberian air mass moved south over the Yellow Sea. The sensible heat flux at the sea surface gradually decreased while latent heat flux gradually increased. At the beginning stage of air mass modification, sensible heat was the main energy source for convective cell generation. However, in the later stage, latent heat became the main energy source for the development of convective cells. In conclusion, the mechanism of the west coast heavy snowfall caused by modification of the Siberian air mass over the Yellow Sea can be explained by air-sea interaction instability in the following order: (a) cyclonic vorticity caused by diabatic heating induce Ekman pumping and convergence at the surface, (b) sensible heat at the sea surface produce convection, and (c) this leads to latent heat release, and the development of convective cells. The overall process is a manifestation of air-sea interaction and enhancement of convection from positive feedback mechanism.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

도시철도의 이용량이 매년 증가하고 있으며 승객들의 불편한 사항들 또한 이에 비례하여 증가하고 있다. 하지만 철도 관계자들은 해당 민원사항들에 대해 신속하게 조치하지 못하고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 본 논문에서는 철도 관계자들과 승객들 간의 소통을 원활하게 하고 이로 인한 신속한 처리를 수행하기 위한 사물인터넷 기반의 IOS 어플리케이션을 제안한다. 본 제안 시스템에서는 전동차량 내에 온습도 센서를 적합한 장소에 설치하고 이렇게 측정된 측정치를 실시간으로 원격 서버에 전송함과 동시에 승객들은 자신의 희망온도를 IOS 기기 어플리케이션을 통하여 요청하도록 하였다. 이렇게 수집된 데이터들을 기반으로 실시간 도시철도 관계자들이 전동차량의 온습도를 조절할 수 있는 시스템을 제안한다. 제안 시스템은 광주광역시 도시철도 1호선에 구현을 통하여 그 효율성을 검증하였다.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 1996년도 춘계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.58-67
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• 1996

This paper describes some computational results of various energy and environmental systems using Patankar's SIMPLE method. The specific topics handled in this study are jet bubbling reactor for flue gas desulfurization, cyclone-type afterburner for incineration, 200m tall stack for 500 MW electric power generation, double skin and heat storage systems of building energy saving for the utilization of solar heating, finally turbulent combustion systems with liquid droplet or pulverized coal particle. A control-volume based finite-difference method with the power-law scheme is employed for discretization. The pressure-velocity coupling is resolved by the use of the revised version of SIMPLE, that is, SIMPLEC. Reynolds stresses are closed using the standard $k-{\varepsilon}$ and RNG $k-{\varepsilon}$ models. Two-phase turbulent combustion of liquid drop or pulverized coal particle is modeled using locally-homogeneous, gas-phase, eddy breakup model. However simple approximate models are incorporated for the modeling of the second phase slip and retardation of ignition without consideration of any detailed particle behavior. Some important results are presented and discussed in a brief note. Especially, in order to make uniform exit flow for the jet bubbling reactor, a well-designed structure of distributor is needed. Further, the aspect ratio in the double skin system appears to be one of important factors to give rise to the visible change of the induced air flow rate. The computational tool employed in this study, in general, appears as a viable method for the design of various engineering system of interest.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.350-355
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• 2013

Plants protect themselves from diverse potential pathogens by induction of the immune systems such as systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Most bacterial plant pathogens thrive in the intercellular space (apoplast) of plant tissues and cause symptoms. The apoplastic leaf exudate (LE) is believed to contain nutrients to provide food resource for phytopathogenic bacteria to survive and to bring harmful phytocompounds to protect plants against bacterial pathogens. In this study, we employed the pepper-Xanthomonas axonopodis system to assess whether apoplastic fluid from LE in pepper affects the fitness of X. axonopodis during the induction of SAR. The LE was extracted from pepper leaves 7 days after soil drench-application of a chemical trigger, benzothiadiazole (BTH). Elicitation of plant immunity was confirmed by significant up-regulation of four genes, CaPR1, CaPR4, CaPR9, and CaCHI2, by BTH treatment. Bacterial fitness was evaluated by measuring growth rate during cultivation with LE from BTH- or water-treated leaves. LE from BTH-treatment significantly inhibited bacterial growth when compared to that from the water-treated control. The antibacterial activity of LE from BTH-treated samples was not affected by heating at $100^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. Although the antibacterial molecules were not precisely identified, the data suggest that small (less than 5 kDa), heat-stable compound(s) that are present in BTH-induced LE directly attenuate bacterial growth during the elicitation of plant immunity.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.357-363
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• 2004

A prototype long pulse ion source was developed, and the beam extraction experiments of the ion source were carried out at the Neutral Beam Test Stand (NBTS) of the Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR). The ion source consists of a magnetic bucket plasma generator, with multi-pole cusp fields, and a set of tetrode accelerators with circular apertures. Design requirements for the ion source were a 120kV/65A deuterium beam and a 300 s pulse length. Arc discharges of the plasma generator were controlled by using the emission-limited mode, in turn controlled by the applied heating voltage of the cathode filaments. Stable and efficient arc plasmas with a maximum arc power of 100 kW were produced using the constant power mode operation of an arc power supply. A maximum ion density of $8.3{\times}10^{11}\;cm^{-3}$ was obtained by using electrostatic probes, and an optimum arc efficiency of 0.46 A/kW was estimated. The accelerating and decelerating voltages were applied repeatedly, using the re-triggering mode operation of the high voltage switches during a beam pulse, when beam disruptions occurred. The decelerating voltage was always applied prior to the accelerating voltage, to suppress effectively the back-streaming electrons produced at the time of an initial beam formation, by the pre-programmed fast-switch control system. A maximum beam power of 0.9 MW (i.e. $70\;kV{\times}12.5\;A$) with hydrogen was measured for a pulse duration of 0.8 s. Optimum beam perveance, deduced from the ratio of the gradient grid current to the total beam current, was $0.7\;{\mu}perv$. Stable beams for a long pulse duration of $5{\sim}10\;s$ were tested at low accelerating voltages.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.767-773
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• 2017

Infrared stealth is an important technology for naval ships. This technology helps improve the anti-detection performance and survivability of naval ships. In general, the infrared signature of naval ships are categorized into internal and external heat source. External signature are generated by ship surface heating by solar flux as well as the complicated heat transfer process with the surrounding weather condition. Modern naval ships are equipped with seawater injection nozzles on the outside for nuclear, biological and, chemical, and these nozzles are used to control external signature. Wide nozzle placement intervals and insufficient injection pressure, however, have reduced seawater dispersion area. To address this problem, nozzle installation standards must be established. In this study, an actual-scale experimental system was implemented to provide the evidence for nozzle installation standards in order to reduce the infrared signature of naval ships. In addition, the environmental conditions of the experiment were set up through computational fluid dynamics considering the ocean climate data and naval ship management conditions of South Korea. The dispersion distance was measured using a high-resolution thermography system. The flow rate, pipe pressure, and dispersion distance were analyzed, and the evidence for the installation of seawater injection nozzles and operation performance standards was suggested.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.162-172
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• 1995

The ventilation in greenhouse have been important for such as adjustment of temperature, supplying of the oxygen, prevention of the overhumidity, density adjustment of $CO_2$, discharge of harmfulness gas, etc. However, the general ventilation which had been used the quantitative control method in discharge of a property of air mechanism in greenhouse, and caused mainly in waste of the heating energy and growth obstacle of the vegetable. Therefore, this study was peformed to obtain more scientific ventilation method using by analysis and measurement of the isothermal lines according to opening of window ventilation in greenhouse, and the results are summarized as follows. 1. The ventilating amount was more influenced by rather opening amount of window than the ventilating time. 2. In window ventilation, the temperature in greenhouse was mostly changed within 5 minutes after ventilating not regard to the spot of opening, after about 10 minutes temperature became to equilibrium state under the respective ventilating conditions. 3. In opening of the skylight only, isothermal lines were complicated, therefore, a tall vegetable may be possible to damage by a cold-weather from the lower central port in greenhouse. 4. Isothermal lines were a tendency to simply in opening of a side window that may be more effective ventilation in kinds of the short vegetable. 5. In conditions of internal temperature>setting temperature>external temperature, a skylight can be suitable to open 10~20cm in order to the optimum ventilation in greenhouse. 6. In conditions of internal temperature>external temperature>setting temperature, opening of all the windows or both the side windows that can be suitable in order to obtain the optimum ventilation in greenhouse. 7. An effect of ventilation was the most excellent to open of all the windows or both the side windows, and it were also found orderly excellent to open of the side window and the skylight or the skylight only, to open of the side window only. 8. Temperature was varied as the equation of T=Tc+ (To-Tc)e-at, and the ranges of (a) values were limited within 0.34~0.68. 9. A variations of humidity were similar to that of temperature, s.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.46-54
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• 2015

열이나 빛의 자극에 의한 물질의 발광현상, 즉 열자극발광(thermoluminescence, TL)과 광자극발광(optically stimulated luminescence, OSL)의 메커니즘을 규명하고, 이 현상을 방사선량의 측정에 활용할 수 있는 새로운 발광물질을 개발하는데 활용할 수 있는 측정장치를 개발하였다. 이는 열자극과 광자극을 동시에 가할 수 있는 장치로서, 열자극에 필요한 온도제어를 위하여 35 kHz의 정현파 전원으로 변환하여 스트립 형태의 발열부에 걸어주게 되며, 최대 $20K{\cdot}s^{-1}$의 온도상승률로 약 1K의 정밀도로 온도를 제어할 수 있었다. 광자극을 위한 광원으로 중심파장이 470 nm인 Luxeon V형 고휘도 LED 등 여러 파장영역의 LED나 레이저를 사용할 수 있도록 하였다. 대표적으로 470 nm의 LED로 $Al_2O_3$:C의 OSL을 측정하는 경우, 시료의 발광에서 자극광을 분리시키기 위하여 LED의 자극광은 단파장차단필터인 GG420을 통과시켜서 시료에 걸리게 하고, 시료의 발광은 대역통과필터인 UG11를 통과하여 광증배관에 걸리게 하였다. 아울러 시료에 따라 LED나 필터들을 다르게 조합할 수 있도록 하여 시료의 발광특성에 맞는 최적의 측정을 수행할 수 있다. PC로 측정장치의 전체적인 제어가 이루어지며 LabView로 개발한 제어프로그램은 그래픽사용자환경(GUI)으로 되어 있다. 이 연구를 통해서 개발한 장치로 LiF:Mg,Cu,Si와 $Al_2O_3$:C를 표준시료로 하여 TL과 OSL을 측정하였고, 이들의 발광특성이 기존에 알려진 특성을 재현하여 이 장치가 신뢰할 수 있는 성능을 내는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2009

Objectives : To characterize the thermal properties of several Korean electric moxibustion apparatus and to suggest methods for improving their quality for related industry as well as the welfare of Korean. Methods : We reviewed previous literatures on traditional moxibustion to find necessary factors for electric moxibustion apparatus. We measured the thermal characteristics of electric moxibustion apparatus commercially available by using an automatic temperature acquisition system in a controlled environment. Uniformity and heat loss of the apparatus were also analysed. We followed the user's manuals of apparatus provided by manufacturers. Results : Temperature control of all apparatus could not be achieved by automatic manners. Most of them were dependent on user's discretion. Maximum temperatures obtained were barely in the therapeutic temperature of $40-45^{\circ}C$. Unnecessary heating of moxibustion parts was detected. Chemicals from moxa were not properly delivered to the human skin. Conclusions : Temperature control of all apparatus needs to be improved in terms of temperature setting, retention time and maximum temperature. Design should be altered to utilize pharmacological effects from moxa to obtain its maximum efficacy. User's manuals should be revised for its clarity.