• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.1001-1012
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• 1998

This paper reports the analysis of dynamic characteristics of air-cooled condenser. At first, there is an assumption that the superheated vapor flows into the condenser inlet. And in order to consider the effect of pressure change in the dynamic characteristics of the condenser the combined system of condenser and compressor was used. By using the equation of energy balance and the equation of mass balance, the basic equation for describing the dynamic characteristics of condenser can be derived. The transfer function for describing dynamic response of the condenser to flow rate change outlet can be obtained from using linearizations and Laplace transformations of the equation. From this transfer function, analytical investigation which affects the frequency responses of condenser has been made. Through this study, it became possible that the information about the dynamic characteristics of air-cooled condenser is offered. While the average heat transfer coefficient of the refrigerant side necessary for the theoretical calculation of the dynamic characteristics is given by calculation method for the tube length and pressure drop of air-cooled condenser.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회A
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• pp.1800-1805
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• 2008

A "finite volume method" is proposed to predict heat transport in a spherical enclosure at micro/nanoscale with the Boltzmann transport equation (BTE). The gray version of the BTE with the relaxation time approximation has been applied. Pointing out similarity between radiative transfer equation (RTE) and BTE, the mapping process in RTE is adopted to treat the angular derivative term and linear algebraic discretization equation is derived by using the established method which is used in 2-D BTE in cartesian coordinates. The simulation results are compared to exact solution to RTE for various acoustic thicknesses and ratio of radii. The comparison shows that this method is logical and accurate, and it is possible to easily adopt various models in spherical BTE.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.157-163
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• 2003

This work was undertaken for the numerical analysis of defrosting phenomena of automobile windshield. To analyze the defrost, the flow and temperature field of cabin interior, heat transfer through the windshield glass, and phase change of the frost should be analyzed simultaneously. The flow field was obtained by solving the 3-D unsteady Navier-Stokes equation and the temperature field was computed by energy equation. The phase-change process of Stefan problem was solved by enthalpy method. For code validation, the temperature field of the driven cavity was calculated. The result of calculation shows a good agreement with the other numerical results. Then, the present code was applied to the defrosting analysis of a real automobile and, also, a good agreement with experiment was obtained.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.77-93
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• 1997

The natural convection and combined heat transfer induced by fire in a rectangular enclosure is numerically studied. The model for this numerical analysis is partially opened, it is divided by a vertical baffle projecting from ceiling. The solution procedure Includes the standard k- $\varepsilon$ model for turbulent flow and the discrete ordinates method (DOM ) is used for the calculation of radiative heat transfer equation. In this study, numerical simulation on the combined naturnal convection and radiation is carried out in a partial enclosure filled with absorbed-emitted gray media, but is not considered scattering problem. The velocity vectors, streamlines, and isothermal lines are compared the results of pure convection with those of the combined convection-radiation, the combined heat transfer. Comparing the results of pure convection with those of the combined convection-radiation, the combined heat transfer analysis shows the stronger circulation than those of the pure convection. Three different locations of heat source are considered to observe the effect of heat source location on the heat transfer phenomena. As the results, the circulation and the heat transfer In the left region from heating block are much more influenced than those in the right region. It is also founded that the radiation effect cannot be neglected in analyzing the building in fire.

• 오토저널
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.39-50
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• 1980

This paper presents the variations obtained in heat flow rate and engine performance of a four-stroke cycle Diesel engine when there were changes in the temperature of cooling water, compression ratio, injection timing of fuel, and other factors. Heat dissipation of engine cylinder was calculated by the heat transfer coefficient of Nusselt's empirical equation and the analysis of distribution of temperature in cylinder barrel was obtained by the finite element method of two-dimensional steady state heat conduction. In this experiment, the out side temperature of cylinder liner was measured by the data logger, and the temperature distribution of liner was computed by the analysis of triangular finite element model under the assumption due to surface heat flux of cylinder inner surface. The results obtained by this study are as follows. Under the given operating condition, the temperature distribution of cylinder liner by using finite element method shows that the mean temperature of barrel is in accordance with the experimental results of Eichelberg and temperature difference is lower than 4.23.deg. C. The heat dissipation of engine decrease in accordance with the decrease of piston mean velocity, compression ratio, and the increase of coolant temperature. Influence on the delay of injection timing of fuel brings about the decrease of heat rejection over the cylinder at constant test conditions.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.414-420
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• 2000

In this paper, evaporation heat transfer characteristics at a inner grooved tube were studied using a new natural refrigerants R-290, R-600a and HCFC refrigerant R-22. Experiments were performed in the inner tube with outside diameter of 12.70mm, having 75 fins with a fin height of 0.25mm. The following results were obtained from this research. On the evaporating heat transfer characteristics, the maximum increment of heat transfer coefficient was found in R-290. Average heat transfer coefficient was obtained the maximum value in R-290 and the minimum value in R-22. It reveals that the natural refrigerant can be used as a substitute for R-22. In the grooved inner tube, 70% of the increment of the heat transfer coefficient was obtained compared to the smooth tube. Comparing the heat transfer coefficient between experimental results and simulation data of other's, the Kandlikar's correlated equation was closely approximated to the author's experimental results in the smooth tube or grooved inner one.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.48-56
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to investigate the enhancement of heat transfer without additional external power in the case of rectangular air jet impinging vertically on the flat heating surface. In an attempt to enhance the heat transfer rate in two-dimensional impinging jet, the technique used in the present study was placement of square rod bundles as a turbluence promoter in front of the heat transfer surface. The effects of the clearance between the flat plate and square rod, and the nozzle exit velocity on the heat transfer characteristics have been investigated experimentally. The results obtained through this study were summerized as follows. High heat transfer enhancement was achived by means of flow acceleration and thinning of boundary layer by inserting rods in front of the heating flat plate. The smaller the clearance between rod and heating plate was, the larger heat transfer effect became. Average Nusselt number reached maximum at $Re=5.76{\times}10^4$ and C＝1㎜ and the enhancement rate of heat transfer became maxium at this condition with the enhancement ratio as high as about 1.427 when normalized by the flat plate value. The correlating equation of average Nusselt number and Reynolds number was obtained, which is $\bar{N}uo=1.324{\cdot}Re^{0.459}{\cdot}(C/A)^{-0.034}$.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.84-90
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• 2008

The mass loss rate and heat release rate of puzzle mats were analysed using variable external irradiation level. Five samples of puzzle mat were tested in this study : Type A, B, C, D and E. Type A, B and C are all general grades whereas Type D and E are both Flame retardant grades. Incident heat fluxs of $25kW/m^2$, $35kW/m^2$, $50kW/m^2$ and $70kW/m^2$ were selected for these experiments. All samples were tested in the horizontal orientation and were wrapped in a single layer of aluminum foil. Each sample was nominally 20mm thick and 100mm square. The combustion heat and mass loss rate were carried out from Oxygen bomb calorimeter and mass loss calorimeter according to ISO 5660-1 respectively. Heat release rates were calculated using the equation ${\dot{Q}}=A_f{\dot{m}}"_X{\Delta}H_c=0.75A_f{\dot{m}}"{\Delta}H_c$. where $A_f$ is the horizontal burning area of the sample, $\dot{m}"$ is mass loss rate per unit area, ${\Delta}H_c$ is complete heat of combustion and 0.75 is combustion efficiency.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2008년 영문 학술대회
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• pp.346-357
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• 2008

Endothermic fuels are known as a probable fuel for hypersonic atmospheric flight vehicles and advanced propulsion systems, as well as cryogenic fuels. Especially, from the standpoint of the advanced regenerative cooling use, they are quite useful as a coolant fuel because of their large heat sink due to their chemical decompositions; so-called endothermic cooling effect. However, no heat transfer equations have been proposed taking into account such endothermic reactive behaviors concretely. This paper describes an analytical method for evaluation of the heat transfer rates between endothermic reacting coolant fuel and coolant-side wall in the regenerative cooling passages. Heat transfer mechanism is indicated based on a classical transport-phenomenological approach. A new relational expression of Nusselt number ratio for forcedconvective heat transfer with such endothermic reactions is also proposed by theoretical approaches using some classical hypotheses. Its applicability is assessed provisionally by comparison with confirmed results of heated tube tests for supercritical JP-7 fuel carried out at NASA Lewis Research Center, using its heat sink characteristics evaluated by United Technologies Research Center(UTRC). As a result, it has been suggested that the proposed relational equation is applicable to the evaluation of enhancement of Nusselt numbers due to such reactions in developed turbulent flows such as in the regenerative cooling passages.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.114-121
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• 2013

미세채널을 갖는 증발형 열교환기의 효율을 평가하기 위하여, 공기의 온도와 물의 온도와 같은 열교환기의 상태값들을 계산하기위한 관계식들이 문제를 단순화하기 위한 몇 가지 가정을 적용한 Navier-Stokes 방정식으로부터 유도되었다. 미세채널내부는 물의 상태에 따라 3가지 영역으로 나누었다. 이 연구의 결과로써, 미세유로를 갖는 증발형 열교환기의 증발시작시점과 건조완료점을 계산하는 방정식이 제시되었다. 본 연구결과는 증발효과를 이용하는 미세채널형 열교환기의 설계, 성능예측 및 시험결과 분석 등에 효과적으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.