• Journal of Bone Metabolism
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.219-226
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• 2018

Background: Although studies and interest in sarcopenia have increased, it is still a matter of debate which muscle mass index better represents the aging process. We compared 3 indices for muscle mass (appendicular skeletal muscle mass [ASM]/weight, $ASM/height^2$, and the body mass index [BMI]-adjusted muscle mass index [ASM/BMI]) to determine which better reflected the aging process in terms of the decline in bone mineral density (BMD), visual acuity (VA), hearing power, renal function, pulmonary function, and handgrip strength. Methods: We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the Korean population. Between 2008 and 2011, a total of 14,415 men and 17,971 women aged 10 years or older participated in the study. We plotted the changes in the 3 indices of muscle mass and compared these with changes in BMD, VA, hearing power, renal function, pulmonary function, and handgrip strength according to each age group. Results: The ASM/BMI showed similar changes in terms of surrogate markers of the aging process, while the ASM/weight and $ASM/height^2$ showed no correlation. Conclusions: Among muscle indices for sarcopenia, only the ASM/BMI represented the aging process.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.537-544
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• 2011

Tactile acuity was assessed in groups of control, blind, deaf, and blind caused by complication to investigate the effective tactile stimuli on tactile sensory substitution studies when tactile display is applied to persons with sensory loss of vision or hearing. Two-point discrimination and grating resolution were assessed by compass and JVP dome, respectively, in the hand, arm, neck, lumbar, and knee. In two-point discrimination by compass, control group showed the highest sensitivity in fingers among assessed body areas but did not show any significant difference between male and female. Blind group and deaf group compared to control group did not show any significant difference in fingers but showed lower sensitivity in arm and knee. In grating resolution by JVP dome, control group did not show any significant difference among five fingers as well as between male and female. Blind group showed higher sensitivity in five fingers compared to control group, but deaf group did not show any significant difference from control group. Blind caused by complication group showed lower sensitivity in two-point discrimination and grating resolution compared to control group and blind group. These results suggest that the body area and method of tactile stimulation, and difference in tactile acuity depending on underlying disease of sensory loss should be considered when tactile display is applied for sensory substitution.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2004

Objectives: We investigated the factors related to health examination behaviors, sociodemographic aspects and lifestyles of elderly persons with different social backgrounds, and compared sexual and regional differences in urban and rural elderlies. Methods: The total study subjects(464 individuals) from urban(236) and rural areas(228), recruited by a stratified cluster random sampling were interviewed and examined about their sociodemographic profiles, daily lifestyles, subjective health status, conditions concerning use of medical resources, hearing acuity, visual acuity and ADL(activity of daily living), and whether they receive health examination or not. For statistical analysis, Chi-square test was used for sexual and regional comparisons among the groups who have been given a health examination and the one who have not. Results: In urban areas, the rate of having underwent health examination was 54.5% in men and 46.9% in women, and in rural areas, it was 59.8% in men and 42.7% in women, showing its higher rate in men than in women in both areas. For regional differences between the group who have taken a health examination and the one who have not, there was a significant difference in terms of age, family pattern, current job, monthly household income, owning a house, drinking status, eating habit, subjective health status, whether they have taken outpatient medical service for the recent 3 months or not, anxiety for the health, and IADL conditions according to whether the community is rural or urban. In multiple regressions, the influential factors on the health examination behaviors were selected such as having their own house, their family doctor, amnesia, urinary incontinence and chronic disease in urban districts. But in rural districts, the variables were selected such as having or not of their family doctor, urinary incontinence, anxiety for the health, educational level, their own house and chronic disease. Conclusions: It is suggested that the approach to the health examination of an older patient requires substantial consideration of highly variable individual sociodemographic characteristics involving regional attributes as well as their daily life styles, subjective health status, status of performing health examination, physical health status and ADL conditions.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.204-220
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• 2008

Objectives: This study was performed to determine the levels of depression symptoms among the community elderlies and to reveal its related factors, specifically aimed at revealing psycho-social factors such as social support net-work, sense of self-esteem, state anxiety, interpersonal behavior trait and locus of control. Methods: The interviews were performed during the period from April 1st to June 30th, 2007 to the 790 elderlies in urban and rural areas. Results: The mean scores of depression (CES-D) among all subjects were 16.65±10.97(urban: 18.81±10.31, rural: 14.49±11.20) and they were higher in urban than rural. The level of depression symptoms was influenced by the variables of educational level, with or without spouse, bear for living expenses, sense of satisfaction in daily life. As for health related behaviors, they were influenced by the variables of with or without regular exercise. As for health status, they were influenced by the subjective health status, with or without disability of body, visual acuity, hearing ability, ability of food mastication, urinary incontinence, with or without help in activity of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activity of daily living (IADL). As for social support net-work and social activities, they were influenced by number of offspring, frequency of offspring contents, frequency of going out and activity of hobbies. As for psycho-social factors, they were influenced by sense of self-esteem, state anxiety and social support, especially, the level of depression symptoms was higher influenced by the variables of psycho-social factors than other variables. Conclusions: Lower of the level of depression symptoms among the community elderlies would require development and application of programs to keep under management psycho-social factors as well as looking for ways to promoting the present health status.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.2338-2348
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• 2013

This study was performed to determine the levels of physical functioning and to reveal its association with socio-demographic characteristics, health status and health related behaviors in the elderly people admitted long-term home care insurance. The interviews were performed, during the period from December 1, 2011 to March 31, 2012, to 618 home care elderlies admitted long-term care insurance dwelling in Daejeon city. As a results, the distribution of impaired ADL and IADL group of all subjects were 45.6% in ADL, and 48.4% in IADL. in consequently, the rate of impaired IADL group was higher than that of impaired ADL group. In logistic regression analysis, the adjusted odds ratio of the impaired ADL and IADL group were significantly increased in the group of male, living with spouse or family, bear for living expenses with son and daughter, health insurance, irregular exercise, seldom with frequency of going out, seldom with activity of hobbies, Subjective health status is good, and disability of body, visual acuity, hearing ability and mastication ability is good, and without urinary incontinence and amnesia. In conclusion, the level of physical functioning in the elderly people admitted long-term home care insurance was decreased in IADL than ADL. And the level of ADL and IADL were related with the various variables of socio-demographic characteristics, health status and health related behaviors.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.313-323
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• 2017

This study is a descriptive study that investigates the factors that affect the frailty of the elderly in the late period. The data were collected using a questionnaire during the period from 1 to 31 of December 2013. The subjects were 301 elderly people aged 70 years living in M city. The data were analyzed using a $x^2$ test, t-test, and ANOVA with the SPSS Statistics 18.0 program. Hierarchical regression analysis was performed to examine the factors that affect the weakness of elderly people. The results showed that 15.3% of the elderly living at home were frail. The factors that affect the frailty of the elderly were sex (p<0.01), nutritional status (p<0.01), cognition function (p<0.01), ADL (p<0.01), IADL (p<0.05), visual acuity (p<0.05), and chewing discomfort (p<0.05). A higher the degree of frailty was associated with women, poorer nutritional status, higher impairments to perform the daily activities (ADL and IADL), poorer hearing, and more feeling of chewing discomfort. These results can explain the frailty of elderly people over 70 years of age in a local community and the variables of health. The results suggest that the development of a comprehensive program for the elderly with weak physical, emotional, and functional health should be given priority.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1982.05a
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• pp.15.1-15
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• 1982

Clinical findings for 95 patients (159 ears) of MEE (middle ear effusion) treated at Wallace Memorial Baptist Hospital (Busan) from July 1979 to August 1981 were observed. A group who was treated with myringotomy and ventilation tube isertion was compared with another group of children treated with adenotonsillectomy at the same time. The following are the results: 1) The sex distribution showed 48 male and 47 female, and the age distribution was most common in the ages from six to ten (34 cases, 35%). 2) MEE of children treated with adenotonsillectomy in the same duration was 18 cases (14%), and it was 19% of all MEE patients. 3) Bilateral effusion (67%) was as twice as unilateral cases (33%). In children, bilateral effusion (42 cases, 88%) was predominant, and MEE in adenotonsillectomized children was bilateral in all cases. 4) The nature of middle ear fluid was 49% serous exudate, 33% mucoid exudate, 5% purulent and 3% bloody fluid. Serous exudate was 59% in adult group, but serous (41%) and mucoid exudate (43%) was similar incidence in children. 5) In the preoperative tympanogram, there were 6% with type A, 91% with type B, and 3% with type C. The incidence of abnormal tympanogram (type B or C) was same in MEE patients of adenotonsillectomized children (95%) and the other children group (95%), and it was 93% in adult group. 6) Treatment by myringotomy and ventilation tube insertion resulted in postoperative improvement in air conduction hearing acuity especially in adenotonsillectomized children.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.89-93
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• 2009

Purpose: To purpose of this study was the pure-tone audimetry changes to compare pre and post fogging after visual correction in normally hearing adults. Methods: The estimated that no ocular and audiolar disesases, we selected (male: 30, female: 20) in corrected visual acuity over the 1.0 eye. Pre and post fogging were measured using the pure-tone audimetry. Results: To compared fre and post fogging, fre fogging was higher than fre fogging. The take value were just about every kind of Hz but 200 Hz, respectively which were statistically significant (p<.05). Low Hz area in 250 and 500 Hz were 6.8${\pm}$8.4dBHL, 4.3${\pm}$6.6dBHL, there is not all the difference between any other area, 2000 Hz in the middle Hz area was 0.8${\pm}$4.5dBHL. Conclusions: The study presents different results of measurements in within normal limits. we thought that pure-tone thresholds to the pre and post fogging after refractive correction in normal adults and would be used basic data.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.411-422
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between quality of life and demographic characteristics and health-related behavioral characteristics, and their relevance to variables that represent health conditions among metropolitan-dwelling older adults. The study subjects were 380 senior citizens aged 65 or older living in the D metropolitan area, and data collection was conducted by visiting them for interviews in June 2019. A binomial logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between independent variables (demographic characteristics, health-related behavioral characteristics, health condition variables) and the dependent variable (quality of life) while controlling for gender and age. As a result, the factors related to quality of life for those surveyed were education level, spousal status, living status, bear for living expenses, average monthly allowance, satisfaction with daily life, evaluation of sleep quality, smoking and eating habits, amount of regular exercise, hobbies, subjective health status, physical disability (if any), hearing ability, visual acuity, mastication ability, urinary incontinence (present or not), and amnesia. The above results suggest that quality of life for the elderly living in urban areas is significantly related to variables that indicate demographic characteristics, health-related behavioral characteristics, and health condition.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.26 no.4 s.44
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• pp.628-649
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• 1993

This study was conducted to investigate the factors related to the poor school performance of the elementary school children. Two schools in Taegu, one in the affluent area and the other in the poor area, were selected and a total of 175 children whose school performance was within low 10 percentile (poor performers) and 97 children whose school performance were within high 5 percentile (good performers) in each class of 2nd, 4th and 6th grades were tested for the physical health, behavioral problem and family background. Each child had gone through a battery of tests including visual and hearing acuity, anthropometry (body weight, height, head circumference), intelligence (Kodae Stanford-Binet test), test anxiety (TAI-K), neurologic examination by a developmental pediatrician and heavy metal content (Pb, Cd, Zn) in hair by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. A questionnaire was administered to the mothers for prenatal and prenatal courses of the child, family environment, child's developmental history, and child's behavioral and learning problems. Another questionnaire was administered to the teachers of the children for the child's family background, arithmatic & language abilities and behavioral problem. The poor school performance had a significant correlation with male gender, high birth order, broken home, low educational and occupational levels of parents, visual problem, high test anxiety score, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), poor physical growth (weight, height, head circumference) and low I.Q. score. The factors that had a significant correlation with the poor school performance in multiple logistic regression analysis were child's birth order (odds ratio=2.06), male gender(odds ratio=5.91), broken home(odds ratio=9.29), test anxiety score(odds ratio=1.07), ADHD (odds ratio=9.67), I.Q. score (odds ratio=0.85) and height less than Korean standard mean-1S.D.(odds ratio=11.12). The heavy metal contents in hair did not show any significant correlation with poor school performance. However the lead and cadmium contents were high in males than in females. The lead content was negatively correlated with child's grade(P<0.05) and zinc was positively correlated with grade (P<0.05). among the factors that showed a significant correlation with the poor school performance, high birth order, short stature and ADHD may be modified by a good family planning, good feeding practice for infant and child, and early detection and treatment of ADHD. Also, teacher and parents should restrain themselves from inducing excessive test anxiety by forcing the child to study and over-expecting beyond the child's intellectual capability.