• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.335-341
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• 2020

This study examined the shear bond strength between the zirconia core and pressed lithium disilicate veneering ceramics. The Schmitz-Schulmeyer test method was used to investigate the core-veneer shear bond strength of industrially manufactured zirconia core ceramic (Zirtooth, HASS, Gangneung, Korea) and pressed veneer ceramic (IPS e.max Zirpress, Vita PM9, GC Initial IQ, HASS Rosetta SM) (N=40). Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (a=0.05). The fractured surfaces of the specimens were examined to determine the failure pattern using a digital microscope. The mean ± SD shear bond strength in MPa were 16.69±3.11, 14.21±3.63, 11.17±2.92, and 27.90±5.71 for IPS e.max Zirpress, VITA PM9, GC Initial IQ, and HASS Rosetta SM, respectively. The average shear bond strength was largest for HASS Rosetta SM, followed by IPS e.max Zirpress, Vita PM9, and GC Initial IQ(p<0.05). The digital microscopy examination of the fracture surface showed adhesive and cohesive failure in pressed lithium disilicate veneering ceramics. The use of lithium disilicate veneer ceramic produced a significantly higher shear bond strength.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.321-330
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• 2020

In this study, we analyzed the factors influencing internal marketing at hospitals on job satisfaction and customer orientation among nurses in order to provide basic data necessary for management of nursing personnel. From December 26, 2018 to January 4, 2019, the study surveyed 255 nurses at a general hospital in Gyeonggi Province. For data analysis, frequency analysis, factor analysis, correlation, and linear regression analysis were performed using the SPSS 21.0 program. First, the results of this study show that the effect of marketing inside the hospital on job satisfaction was statistically significant. Second, marketing inside hospitals was found to have a statistically significant effect on customer orientation. Thirdly, it was found that the effect of job satisfaction on customer orientation was statistically significant. Fourth, the effect of job satisfaction parameters on the relationship between marketing and customer orientation within the hospital 1st and 2nd stages appeared to have a statistically significant positive (+) impact, and three steps were found to be independent variables. The regression coefficients for organizational vision and future image, organizational attributes and systems, communication, and education/training system by sub-factors of internal marketing at hospitals significantly appeared.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.548-558
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• 2020

This study presents improvement measures at the local government level by analyzing the step-by-step projects of Suwon City's Suwon Village Development Project, which is being carried out with public development assistance in the Kingdom of Cambodia. For this study, realistic research was conducted by visiting the site and interviewing the person in charge. The following conclusions are drawn. First, public development assistance projects for local governments in Korea should be carried out, with detailed programs to implement them under the central government's ODA policy. Second, provided a project is competitively carried out, and is not simply pork barreling or enhancing the external image of local governments, the project should be continued, and supplementary measures taken based on an evaluation system and the results of the project's performance. Third, ODAs in the economic and social development sectors-not sporadic aid among central government ministries and local governments-should be centered on the central government and KOICA while local governments are small. If development cooperation is achieved by focusing on the software sector, criticism that it wastes taxpayers' money is likely to decrease. This study suggests that local governments need to establish ODA plans and cooperate with the central government.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.701-711
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• 2000

To provide the baseline information for establishing community based nutritional service system in the context of health promotion, we conducted nutrition survey for 196 adults (male ; 99, female ; 97) in Kyungpook area. Individual food intake was measured by 24-hour recall method, and then diet quality was evaluated by Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) and Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR). Average dietary intake of Ca and Vit A of total subjects were lower than Korean Recommended Dietary Allowances (Ca; 83% of RDA, Vit A; 77% of RDA). On the whole, mean nutrients intake of male subjects were higher than that of female subjects. It also appeared that overall nutrients intake of younger women (20~29 yr) were lower than that of other age group. When we evaluated the nutrients intake of the subjects by INQ, Vit C (=2.39) showed the highest score. Ca (=0.89) and Vit A (=0.84) were revealed to be concerned nutrients in both quantity and quality. There was almost no difference in MAR between men and women (Men ; 0.88, Women ; 0.86). MAR showed significantrly positive correlation with age (p<0.05), meal frequency (p<0.001) and negative correlation with education level (p<0.01) in women, whereas no statistically significant relationship among these variables was observed in men. Age and meal frequency showed significantly positive correlation with most nutrients intakes among women. In conclusion, nutrition education strategies for sound food choice and regular meals need to be developed to improve the nutritional adequacy of female adults in the 20's.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.85-89
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to quantitatively assess the degree of myasthenia gravis (MG) affecting mental health through the results of multiphasic military personality inventory in late adolescence. Methods : We collected and analyzed the results of the military personality inventory for healthy controls and MG patients among the 19-year-old men who visited the Military Manpower Administration from February 2007 to January 2010. Military personality inventory invented for Korean military test has similar system to Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory. Results : Among validity scales, each score of faking good, faking bad and infrequency subscales showed no difference between healthy control and MG groups, respectively (t=-0.51, p=0.607 ; t=0.11, p=0.913 ; t=1.41, p=0.158). Among neurosis scales, the score of somatization subscale was higher (t=2.29, p=0.023) in MG group. Among psychopath scales, the score of schizophrenia subscale was lower in MG group (t=-2.38, p=0.018). Conclusions : According to MPI results, we can confirm that MG patients in late adolescence may be more concerned with their somatic symptoms than the control group, and that they may be more likely to abide by the regulation and be conventional in their behavior than the control group.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.706-723
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• 2010

The impervious surface was frequently employed as a proxy of the total environmental burden in the urban area. The impervious surface was extracted from a satellite image and the GIS (Geographical Information System) database for childhood asthma hospitalizations was generated for a total of 62,136 children using the National Health Insurance database of South Korea. Children living in an impervious environment do result in almost twice as many hospitalizations (26.58%) for asthma, as compared to the sub-urban pervious living (15.82%). Furthermore, the risk zones with persistently high hospitalizations for three years were specifically identified over the impervious sub-district alone. The impervious zone showed a small inter-year variation of hospitalizations (r: 0.937) while the sub-urban pervious fringe was found to display a yearly variation(r: 0.371). The strong temporal autocorrelation means that the impervious areas have frequent long-lived hospitalizations for asthma, thus children living in impervious areas were likely to have had more chronic asthma attacks than those living in pervious areas. These experimental results indicate that an impervious surface as thematic parameter of analysis is a crucial explanatory variable for asthma hospitalizations and its longer persistence among children.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.76-93
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• 1998

Three hundred sixty-two(male 131, female 231) elderly aged over 65 in Chungb- uk area were interviewed to determine the disease states and drug usage patterns. The prebalence of disease was 78% and women reported more chronic diseases(83%) than men(71%). Elderly who live with spouse and have an occupation have a lower rate of disease. Average number of diseases of the elderly was $1.8\pm{1.1}$, and women$(2.1\pm{1.3)}$ have significantly higher average number of diseases than that of men$(1.4\pm{0.7)}$. Also the elderly in urban areas$(2.1\pm{1.4)}$ have significantly higher number of diseases than that of the elderly in rural areas$(1.6\pm{0.9)}$. Arthritis, hypertension, cardiovascular and gastric diseases were the most frequently listed chronic diseases in order for both men and women. Anemia and fracture of bone were relatively higher in women than in men. Particularly, the arthritis of the urban elderly have a rate of 1.5 times higher than that of the rural elderly. Fifty-two percent of the elderly were currently using drugs ; among drug users 71.2% used prescription drugs and 20.5% used nonprescription drugs. The average number taken per person was 2.1$\pm$1.4 and there was no sex or age difference. However, the elderly in rural areas $(2.7\pm{1.7)}$ consumed a significantly higher number of drugs than those in urban areas$(1.7\pm{0.7)}$. The average number of prescripti- on drugs taken was 2.0$\pm$1.4 while the average of nonprescription drugs taken was $(1.3\pm{0.6)}$. Analgesics and antihypertensive drugs were most commonly used. Vitamin and analgesics were the most frequently used self-prescribed drugs. It was noted that potential adverse drug interaction by concominant drug consumption for arthritis and antihypensive drug, abuse of digestants and antiacid without treatment of the underlying disease, and misuse of quick-acting bowel medications were problematic for the elderly. In addition drugs used for the elderly have some adverse effect on the digestive system. The types and composition of drugs used by the elderly were identified and presented. Medication compliance was poor and 13.5% reported adverse reactions such as edema, heartburn, nausea, and difficulty with eating. Seventeen percent of the elderly obtained drugs arranged by those other than medical staff. Also, even among those elderly who obtained drugs prescribed by a doctor, 69.1% of subjects had not receive instruction about potential adverse reactions. These results suggest that nutritional problems related to drug usage might exist and so dietitians, either individually or as members of health teams, need to have a better understanding of drug-nutrient interaction and closer supervision, and drug information/education service should therefore be provided to prevent or minimize adverse drug reaction in elderly users of medication.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.420-430
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• 2014

Firefighters performing disaster response activities such as Fire Suppression Rescue First Aid in fire are being exposed in various adverse factors, heat, smoke, toxic gases, emotional stress, biological toxic factors and physical overload by unnatural ergonomic posture required for firefighters. But so far, there is the study for this problem only separately. There is no study about comprehesive analysis of exposed adverse factors in fire-related disaster response activities and countermeasures. The purpose of this study is to contiribute to solving the health problems and prevention of accidents of firefighters by extracting hazardous agents in disaster such as fire and by proposing countermeasures. After analyzing circumstances such as fire-suppression, rescue first aid and life-environment, exposure factors of fire are derived and exposure status is suggested according to physical chemical biological psychological aspects. The countermeasure against the noise of the physical exposure factors are proposed. The countermeasures such as protective equipment and clean room in chemical factors, infection prevention education, vaccination and periodic check system in biological factors, PTSD alleviation booth and mentoring in psychological factors are proposed.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.719-726
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• 2002

Nutritional adequacy of growing Thoroughbred horses raised in an alternate feeding system - grazing during late spring through late fall and stable feeding for the rest of seasons - was assessed by determining vitamin E and trace mineral levels in the serum and blood chemistry related to nutrition and health. During the stable feeding in winter and early spring, 50 growing female horses were fed concentrates (1.4% of their body weight), grass hay (0.62%) and alfalfa hay (0.37%). For the grazing period, the same horses were fed supplementary concentrates (1.1%) during late spring through early summer, and concentrates (1.1%) and alfalfa hay (0.5%) during late summer through late fall. Blood samples were collected before grazing in early spring, and during grazing in early summer through late fall. Serum vitamin E, BUN, GTP, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin levels were increased (P<0.01) by grazing compared to those measured before the initiation of grazing. Horses had lower (P<0.01) serum Fe contents in early summer than in late fall or in time of stable feeding. Stable feeding increased (P<0.01) serum Cu content compared to grazing in both early summer and late fall. In late fall, serum Zn level increased (P<0.01) compared to that found in the other seasons. Blood glucose and creatinine levels decreased (P<0.01) after grazing. Results indicate that supplementations of some minerals and vitamin E are not always necessary in diets for growing horses and should be done after careful evaluation of diets with regard to concentrations and biological availability of minerals.

• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.15-28
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• 2007

This study was focused on figure out what kinds of elements are influencing on job satisfaction with approach of the educational system. It was also to figure out how work characteristics and role conflicts of employees influence on job satisfaction. Objects of study were employeeswho had been working in Hospice and Palliative medical center at least for 6 months, and they were doctors, nurses, ministers, and welfare workers. Collected materials were analyzed by Frequency Analysis, One-way ANOVA, Correlation Analysis, and SimpleRegression Analysis. Results from study can be summarized like below. The first, job satisfaction of workers in Hospice and Palliative medical center were 3.36, and this numerical value is pretty high over all. For saying from the higher to the lower satisfaction level, there were satisfaction with job itself, satisfaction with co-workers, satisfaction with seniors (superiors), and satisfaction with organizations, on the other hands, satisfaction with salaries was turned out as the lowest level among those. The second, role conflict was 2.63, and it is considered as the medium level. after inquiring into it by elements of role conflict, they felt many environmental difficulties compared to other workers in different fields such as environmental difficulty, role ambiguity, insufficient ability, process obscurity, etc. The third, work environment influencing on job satisfaction are as follows. Professional environment among characteristics of work environment was significant statistically. Job satisfaction of ministers was the highest; others were in the order of doctors, welfare workers, and nurses. For employment history, job satisfaction was higher as they have more and longer job experience including whole professional experience both in hospice and palliative medical center. In addition, participating in hospice and palliative programs, intensive training regularly was significantly. Job Motivation was also significant statistically. Especially, job satisfaction was higher when people decided to work in hospice and palliative medical center because of individual desire (self-realization). Lastly, influence of role conflict on job satisfaction is as follows. Environmental difficulty, role ambiguity, insufficient ability, process obscurity, etc showed the significant meaning statistically, and the lower role conflict was related with the higher job satisfaction. Suggestions for next study based on such results are as follows in order to improve or increase job satisfaction of employees in hospice/palliative medical centers. The first, to expand education opportunity of employees is needed to increase job satisfactionof hospice/palliatives medical centers. Participating in intensive programs and seminars by types of occupation and acquiring professional knowledge are very important since employees are motivated by those activities. For that, developing and activating intensive education/programs by professional occupations are suggested. The second, dividing roles of employees and determining each job's limit clearly in hospice/palliative medical centers are required. For that, study developing standard job regulations is suggested for each professional job. Lastly, developing and providing reasonable salaries is needed because low salaries of hospice/palliative medical centers are the absolute reason lowering job satisfaction. Therefore, this paper suggests improving the salary level of employees of hospice/palliative medical centers and developing practical plan for it.