• Health Policy and Management
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.81-99
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• 1993

The purpose of this research is to assess the geographical distribution of physicians and dentists and the degree of maldistribution of the physician. Data were obtained form the Korean Medical Association's report on physicians registry and census for 1990. To assess the degree of disparity in the rural-urban distribution of physician manpower and to identify changes in the distribution pattern, the Gini index of concentration was used. Major findings are as follows; 1. Urban-rural disparity in the distribution of physician manpower exists in all categories of manpower, i.e. physician, dentist, oriental medical doctor, general practitioner, medical specialist, practitioner, public health physician and public health dentist. Urban area which had 74.4% of nation's population, accounted for over 90% of all physician manpower. 2. In terms of the ration of physician manpower per 10, 000 population, in urban area, they were 8.2 physicians, 2.7 general practitioners, 5.5 specialists, 3.0 practitioners, 1.8 dentists and 1.3 oriental medical doctors. In rural area, the ratios were 1.4 physicians, 0.6 general practitioners, 0.9 specialists, 1.0 practitioners, 0.4 dentists and 0.4 oriental medical doctors. 3. Gini indicies computed to measure inequality of physician manpower distribution were 0. 3675 for physicians, 0.3372 for general practitioners, 0.3338 for specialists, 0.2263 for practitioners, 0.3132 for dentists and 0.3293 for oriental medical doctors. 4. Inspite of increase in the number of physician manpower, urban concentration of physician manpower intensified from 1980 to 1990. However, the Gini index for all physician manpower fell by 18.3~36.7% from 1980 to 1990, indicating more even distribution. 5. In rural area, the public health physicians and dentists had increased the ratios of physicians, general practitioners, practitioners and dentists per 10, 000 population remarkebly, and had decreased the Gini indicies of physicians, general practitioners, practitioners and dentists. Thus, public health physicians and dentists contributed to improve the distribution of physician manpower in rural area. Based on the results of this study, long-term and rational manpower policies should be developed to solve the problem of geographical maldistribution of physician manpower as well as short-term policy for inducing physicians to the rural areas.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.146-168
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• 1993

The study was conducted to project supply and demand of the nurses till year 2010 based on analysis of supply and demand of nurses up to year 1991. Results of the study will provide invaluable information for nurses manpower planning as well as overall health manpower planning for the 21th century. It is projected that nurses will be oversupplied based on the current prductivity which is undesirable situation if the quality of care is considered, and undersupplied based on the the medical law as well as optimal productivity. Thus, it is desirable to increase active supply of nurses. One of the ways of increasing active supply would be increasing the size of training and education. But, considering low employment rate of nurses which is about 59% better way of solving problems related to nurses shortage would be improvement in nurses' employment rate. According to simulation study done as part of this study, if nurses' employment rate goes up to 80%, there is no need for increasing the size of training to meet the demand at the level of medical law.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.136-152
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• 1991

The study was conducted to project supply and demand of the physicians from year 1991 to year 2010 based on the analysis of supply and demand of the physicians up to year 1989. Results of the study will provide information for the physicians manpower planning of the 7th 5-year Economic Social Development Planning(1992-1996) and contribute to the overall health manpower planning for the 21the century. It is projected that physician will be oversupplied from the very near future based on the current productivity or underestimated based on the optimal productivity. Thus, it is desirable not to change size of training and education during the 7the 5-year planning period and re-examine the status of the physician manpower at the end of the 7th 5-year period taking into consideration medical services utilization pattern, patients' satisfaction, and physicians' productivity.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.254-261
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of performance of TB control manpower in Korea and to identify the affecting factors associated with it. Methods: This study employed a quantitative observational with cross-sectional design and the subjects were consisted of 189 TB (Tuberculosis) control manpower who were working in both community health centers and private hospitals. Variables included in this study were demographic, social, work-related characteristics, aqhnd self-efficacy. A reliability of the instrument for the performance was Cronbach's ${\alpha}$=.91. Data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA and multiple regression using SPSS (19th version). Results: The mean value of the degree of work-related performance of TB control manpower was $4.4{\pm}0.49$9 and it was higher than those of general nurses working in any other health care departments. The mean differences in the degree of work-related performance were in self-efficacy, workplace, the number of full charge manpower in TB, the number of participation in in-depth education, and the willingness to job maintenance. In multiple regression analysis, factors associated with TB control manpower' work-related performance were self-efficacy (${\beta}$=.164, p=.025), workplace (${\beta}$=-.186, p=.023), the number of participation in in-depth education(${\beta}$=.339, p<.002), and the willingness to job maintenance (${\beta}$=-.157, p=.036). Conclusion: Results of this study showed that work-related performances of manpower working in private hospital were higher than those of manpower in public health centers. So, it is necessary to enhance nation's active intervention to improve effectiveness and reduction of risk factors in TB policy.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.112-127
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to develop performance indicators for quality of public health center based home healthcare through the study the major factors of registrated weaken poorly residents in the community based home healthcare. Various literature review was conducted to study the performance indicators for quality of public health center based home healthcare of advanced countries and Korea. Mail survey was conducted from national wide PHC(public health centers), sub health centers and primary health care posts. of the surveys mailed, 2,293 centers(67%) were returned within the allotted and we included in the analysis these who completed the questionnaire. Data was analysed by SPSS for windows 12.0. The major results of the research were as follows; Firstly, major factors of registrated weaken poorly residents in the community based home healthcare in the multivariate analysis were jurisdictional families per manpower(OR:0.78, 95%CI:0.64-0.94, P=0.011), weaken poorly families per manpower(OR:0.42, 95%CI:0.35-0.50, P<0.001), business vehicles per manpower(OR:1.13, 95%CI:1.04-1.24, P=0.007) type of public health center(OR:4.42, 95%CI:3.32-5.90, P<0.001), region of public health center(OR:0.53, 95%CI:0.32-0.89, P=0.017). Secondly, performance indicators for quality of public health center based home healthcare were developed as basic investigation, registration, intervention and discharge level. Preparing for Activation of public health center based home healthcare in Korea, the result application as follows is possible. Firstly, we can conclude that the major factors of registrated weaken poorly residents in the community based home healthcare are jurisdictional families per manpower, weaken poorly families per manpower, type of public health center, region of public health center, business vehicles per manpower. Secondly, the new developed performance indicators which are divided into basic investigation, registration, intervention, discharge for public health center based home healthcare could be applied it for improving quality of home healthcare services.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2009

To strengthen the R&D capability and the competitiveness of the Korean oriental medicine industry, an adequate supply of qualified R&D personnel including medical doctors of Korean oriental medicine is an important precondition. This study analyze current and future R&D manpower requirements including medical doctors in the Korean oriental medicine research area. Our analyses can be utilized for developing the government R&D manpower planning including the adequate supply of medical doctors for the Korean oriental medicine research. For the study, we conducted and analyzed a delphi survey of the experts, the principal investigators, with expertise in Korean oriental medicine research areas. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; First, in 2007 the Korean oriental medicine R&D personnel is currently under-supplied as many as 302 people including 111 medical doctors of Korean oriental medicine. The rate of under-supplied is 28.2%. Second, in 2017 the forecast shows that the R&D personnel in this area will be more severely under-supplied as many as 539 people including 185 medical doctor of Korean oriental medicine. The rate of under-supplied will be 32.6%. As a result, the confrontation of demand and supply forecasts shows that, in general, severe shortages of R&D manpower in the areas of Korean oriental medicine will result if there are not adequate manpower policy adjustment.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2004

This paper estimated the demand and supply of physicians for oriental medicine for the period of $2009{\sim}2019$. Two equation models were used in the estimation of manpower. In 2004, the total number of physicians of oriental medicine was amounted to 13,662 registered and 10,532 available in clinical practice, respectively. According to estimates in the study, overall excess supply of physician manpower in oriental medicine was expected in the period, such as $5,300{\sim}5,700$ persons in 2009 and $900{\sim}1,700$ persons in 2019. However, the excess supply would be mitigated after 2019 mainly due to an increase in demand for oriental medical services. Specially, opening medical service market to overseas could be an exogenous variable in physician supply. An alternative manpower policy for oriental medical doctors is needed in a way of controlling oversupply.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.101-112
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• 2007

Oriental public health programs have been introduced for the purpose of providing comprehensive oriental health care services to community people including vulnerable classes, increasing the accessibility of oriental medicine and the public benefit, and further more elevating the health promotion and the quality of life of community people. Promoting these programs since 2002 in earnest, it is evaluated that it has made a lot of performances. In the other side, it showed many problems and policy issues also. This study is accomplished to analyze the problems made since the system was introduced and until now, 2007, and with this analysis, to examine policy issues and the reasonable recommendations for its development Major problems are as follows. First, fundamental notions and identity of oriental public health programs are not positioned accurately. Second, the infra-structure construction for effective propulsion of business is insufficient. Third, it is short of the capacity for program implementation of oriental public health doctors, related manpower, and health centers. Fourth, oriental health promotion programs that can fulfill the various health needs of community people are deficient. Fifth, active aid of the government and the oriental medical world as well as legal and systematical support for oriental public health programs is insufficient. As a result, to solve the problems and induce the successful settlement of the program, the policy recommendations such as (i) the fundamental notions of the program and establishment of approach strategies, (ii) reinforcement of the foundation of the program implementation, (iii) capacity enhancement of the manpower of the program implementation, and (iv) effective building of supportive system of the program are presented.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.265-269
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• 2020

Korea has failed to respond to the Middle East respiratory syndrome of 2015 and the early phase of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) of 2020. This is due to the structural problems of the Ministry of Health and Welfare that has been more increased manpower and budgets of the welfare part relative to those of the health part, and the ministers were appointed welfare experts, not health experts. In 21 (56.8%) of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries, the Ministry of Health operates independently, and these countries have been relatively well coping with COVID-19. The importance of the Korean health sector is increasing even further. Korea faces on the emerging infectious diseases, chronic infectious diseases such as tuberculosis that has been being a huge burden, and rapidly increasing non-communicable diseases, suicide and mental disorders, and some diseases due to fine dust and climate change. In addition, the rapid advancement of the aging society, the entry of an era of ultra-low fertility and low-economic growth, and the unification of the Korean peninsula are calling for a health policy reform. Therefore, the Ministry of Health should be established and systematically responsible for health policy, disease policy, medical policy, and medical security policy. Ministry of Health will be the control tower for K-Disease Control, K-Bio, and K-Health.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.33-52
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to project the supply and demand for nurses till the year 2012 and to make recommendations for establishment of proper policies regarding them. To predict the supply of nurses. a baseline projection and demographic methods were employed. The derivative demand was used to forecast the demand of nurses. The results of this study provide us with valuable information on nursing manpower planning for the 21th century. Specifically. results indicate that there will be an oversupply of nurses in the near future based on the current productivity. Based on the medical law. there will be an undersupply of nurses till 2002 but an oversupply after that. Thus. the active supply of nurses must be decreased. One way to achieve this would be decreasing the size of training and education. Thus. we recommend that the number of entrances to 4 year programs will be reduced 20% in 2004. and a reduction of 20% by 2005 in 3 year programs. The results of this study suggest the following: First. a manpower bank for nurses who are trying to reenter the market must be established. Second, improvement of education and retraining is needed for the quality control of nurses. Further studies should take into consideration the above factors.