• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.13
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• pp.5243-5251
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• 2015

Background: To assess women's awareness from diverse sections of society in Delhi regarding various aspects of breast cancer (BC) - perceptions, signs and symptoms, risk factors, prevention, screening and treatment. Materials and Methods: Community-level survey was undertaken in association with the Indian Cancer Society (ICS), Delhi during May 2013-March 2014. Women attending BC awareness workshops by ICS were given self-administered questionnaires before the workshop in the local language to assess BC literacy. Information provided by 2017 women was converted into awareness scores (aware=1) for analysis using SPSS. Awareness scores were dichotomized with median score=19 as cut off, create more aware and less aware categories. Bivariate and multivariate analysis provided P-values, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Broadly, 53.4% women were aware about various aspects of BC. Notably, 49.1% women believed that BC was incurable and 73.9% women believed pain to be an initial BC symptom. Only 34.9% women performed breast self-examination (BSE) and 6.9% women had undergone clinical breast-examination/mammography. 40.5% women had higher awareness (awareness score > median score of 19), which was associated with education [graduates (OR=2.31; 95%CI=1.78, 3.16), post-graduates (OR=7.06; 95%CI=4.14, 12.05) compared to ${\leq}$ high school] and socio-economic status (SES) [low-middle (OR=4.20; 95%CI=2.72, 6.49), middle (OR=6.00; 95%CI=3.82, 9.42) and upper (OR=6.97; 95%CI=4.10, 11.84) compared to low SES]. Conclusions: BC awareness of women in Delhi was suboptimal and was associated with low SES and education. Awareness must be drastically increased via community outreach and use of media as a first step in the fight against BC.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1875-1879
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• 2016

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. A very important factor in the timely treatment and prevention of progression is high breast cancer awareness. Rural women are at risk of latte stage breast cancer due to poor education and lack of access to medical facilities. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional-descriptive study was conducted on 266 women (out of 300) aged over 18 in rural areas of Zabol, Southeastern Iran during July 2015 to October 2015. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that measured participant knowledge of breast cancer in four aspects (general awareness, risk factors, mammography, and symptoms). SPSS 22 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Out of 266 participants, age information was available for 261. The age range was between 19 and 62, with a mean of $27{\pm}2.1years$. Most participants (154, 57.9%) had an average overall awareness of breast cancer. In the general awareness dimension, most participants (130, 48.9%) had poor scores. Most (166, 62.4%) also had average awareness about risk factors and many (137, 51.5%) had good awareness about mammography. Most participants did not know that changes in breast shape (232, 88.2%), dimpling of breast skin (192, 72.3%) and nipple discharge (183, 69.6%) are the main symptoms of breast cancer. ANOVA statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between awareness level and participant education and occupation (P<0.05). Conclusions: This study indicated average awareness of participants about breast cancer. Since rural women have lower levels of education, it is recommended that educational courses with contents about breast cancer, its risk factors, and symptoms be held for these women.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.702-709
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of awareness and knowledge of the efficacy of carbonated water on consumption patterns and satisfaction for college students, who are the principal consumers of carbonated water. A survey was conducted with 502 college students in the Metropolitan area from May 13 to 18, 2015 and 455 questionnaires were analyzed. As for the differences in awareness and knowledge of the efficacy of carbonated water according to gender, females (14.60 and 0.76) had better awareness and knowledge than males (13.40 and 0.58) (p=0.000 and p=0.036). The more positive the awareness of carbonated water, the greater the knowledge (p=0.000); the greater the knowledge of carbonated water, the higher level of consumption satisfaction (p=0.006). The odds ratio of awareness for carbonated water was 11.98; that is, positive awareness led to higher levels of satisfaction than negative awareness (p=0.003). Since awareness of the efficacy of carbonated water was found to affect carbonated water drinking and satisfaction, it is necessary to provide correct information about the efficacy of carbonated water.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.203-213
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• 2018

Purpose: This study provides information for the development of educational programs for improving awareness of support to the elderly among adolescents. Methods: The 350 students of high schools located in Seoul were selected as subjects and surveyed using structured questionnaires during 11th~15th of April in 2014. The 327 subjects were used for analysis and the response rate was 93.4%. SPSS/WIN18.0 program was performed for t-test, ANOVA and regression analysis. Results: First, adolescents with parents aged over 50 compared to those with parents younger than 40 showed high level of awareness of support to the elderly. The high level of cognitive factors including image and perception towards the elderly (t=3.07, p=.01) were significant factors of awareness of support to the elderly. In experiential factors, adolescents with extensive influence of media and experiences with cohabitation with grandparents, and experiences with voluntary service activities were statistically significant with the high level of awareness of support to the elderly. Second, in regression analysis, adolescents' economic support awareness was higher with the stronger influence in the elderly-related media (${\beta}=.221$, p=.032). The emotional support awareness was higher among the eldest sons (${\beta}=.220$, p=.017) and perception (${\beta}=.352$, p=.001) to elderly (${\beta}=.221$, p=.032). Physical support awareness was higher when the positive image for the elderly (${\beta}=.223$, p=.016) and the high perception towards the elderly (${\beta}=.293$, p=.007). Conclusion: The awareness of support to the elderly should be constantly strengthened to the adolescents. Despite the rapid increase of the elderly, studies are not sufficient. Further research will be necessary.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.418-425
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• 2016

Objectives: General livestock farmers are known as a high riskgroup for zoonoses, but studies of general livestock farmers in regard tozoonoses have been rare in Korea. We surveyed awareness of zoonoses amonggeneral livestock farmers to suggest directions for education. Methods: A questionnaire was developed examining the workbehaviors and risk factors of general livestock farmers. We conducted a questionnairesurvey on awareness on zoonoses among 265 general livestock farmers. Results: The awareness rates for zoonosis itself,brucellosis, and q-fever were 13.0%, 65.0%, and 2.3%, respectively. The awarenessrate of zoonoses and brucellosis tended to increase with sex. Conclusions: Livestock is the principal reservoir ofzoonoses. Therefore, effective working guidelines for preventing zoonoses amonggeneral livestock farmers must be developed and an educational program onzoonoses is needed for general livestock farmers. Furthermore, publicityactivities on the prevention of zoonoses are needed for high-risk groups.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.87-95
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• 2016

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the degree of awareness of the national cancer screening program by the Korean public and define its relationship with cancer screening intention. Methods : The study collected data by conducting an online survey from April 19 to 24, 2016, and received a total 354 responses. Additionally, we performed frequency analysis, chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis. Results : Based on the results for the degree of awareness for the national cancer screening program, 151 (42.7%) people were aware of the program, while 203 (57.3%) were not aware the program. From the chi-square test and logistic regression analysis, marital status and awareness of the national cancer screening program were found to have a statistically significant influence on screening intention. Conclusions : An increase in the screening rate should be established with a systematic promotion plan for the national cancer screening program.

• Journal of Korean Dental Hygiene Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2018

This research is intended to develop oral health education program that can improve quality of oral health of infants by investigating the actual condition of oral health education provided to students major in early childhood education and contents and method of oral health education that they needed. A questionnaire survey was conducted for 427 students enrolled in related departments such as the Early Childhood Education Division and the Early Childhood Education Department at five universities in Gyeongsangnam-do. Questionnaires consisted of general characteristics, awareness of oral health, presence of experience in oral health education, necessity of oral health education, preference for oral health education method, oral health education contents. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS(Statistical Package for the Social Science) Ver 20.0. 1. Presence of experience in oral health education based on the general characteristics showed statistically significant differences only concerning the 'school system' and the 'school year' (p<0.05), and subjective awareness of oral health based on the presence of oral health education experiences showed statistically significant differences concerning the 'interest in oral health' and the 'importance of oral health' (p<0.05). 2. Necessity of oral health education based on the subjective awareness of oral health showed statistically significant differences concerning the 'interest in oral health' and the 'importance of oral health' (p<0.05). 3. Necessity of oral health education based on the preference for oral health education method showed statistically significant differences concerning the 'intention to participate in oral health education' and the 'oral health education cycle' (p<0.05). 4. The most necessary information for oral health education is proper toothbrushing method 4.24, cause of tooth decay and prevention method 4.13, helpful food and poor food for tooth 3.97, toothbrush selection and storage method 3.85. Fluoride application and fissure sealant were lowest 3.38. As a result of this research, necessity of oral health education was large regardless of general characteristics, experience in oral health education, subjective awareness of oral health, and preference for oral health education. Also the more the 'interest in oral health' in 'subjective awareness of oral health', the more the 'necessity of oral health education' and 'intention to participate in oral health education'. Therefore it is necessary to develop systematic and repetitive oral health education for students major in early childhood education.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.2265-2271
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• 2011

This paper presents an u-health Care system based on context-awareness information. Extended project induced an education for creative engineering design. It could occur one of the issue for life care or wellness in recently life. Especially u-health Care system help on achieving this object as an efficient care-training with user blood pressure or with echocardiogram, electromyogram, electroencephalogram, or Electrocardiography. In this paper, development project show an u-health care system based on this parameters of the context-awareness with network service and analysis provide with working memory(DB) for user data base applications.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.4825-4830
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• 2016

Background: In developed countries, awareness of cervical cancer screening is well documented. In contrast, in Oman as a developing country, public responses regarding cervical screening are unclear. This study aimed to assess the level of awareness about cervical cancer and Papanicolau (Pap) smear testing and to establish any correlations between knowledge and demographic factors among Omani women. Methods: In this cross-sectional survey, participants were divided into three groups: patients who attended the Outpatient Gynecology Department in Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH), Oman, female staff from SQUH, College of Medicine and College of Nursing at Sultan Qaboos University (SQU) and graduating female students at SQU. Data collection was through interview-based and online self-administered questionnaires. Cumulative scoring was used for data analysis. Results: There were 204 outpatients, 133 staff and 157 students. Outpatients (79.4%), staff (97.7%) and students (75.2%) had heard of cervical cancer. Nevertheless, their specific knowledge, regarding signs and symptoms, risk factors and Pap smear, was low at 38.7%, 35.3% and 7.6% among outpatients, staff and students, respectively. Some 39.9% of the married outpatients had adequate overall knowledge as compared to none of the single women. Educational level was found to be significantly associated with outpatient knowledge with the highest awareness levels among postgraduates and medical university graduates (61.5%). Conclusion: Specific knowledge of cervical cancer, its risk factors and cervical Pap smear is generally poor among Omani women. This lack of knowledge may be one of the contributing factors for the high incidence of cervical cancer in Oman relative to that in developed countries.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.23-30
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• 2020

Purpose: Increased awareness of the environment is essential, since the general health of people and the global economy is largely dependent on the health of the environment. The purpose of this study is to increase customer awareness and also to ensure that businesses enlighten their customers on how to act in an environmentally friendly manner, which can be done, for instance, through associations. Research design, data and methodology: Scant research is available regarding what elements of marketing strategy should be applied in an environmental plan to increase customer awareness. For this reason, this study suggests a specific marketing policy that conveys several strategies for practitioners who focus on successful environmental plans for their organizations. Results: The prior literature suggests that public education, mass media, campaign publications, and electronic networking, which are becoming more common today, can be used as platforms for conveying environmental messages that will increase environmental awareness among customers. Conclusions: Organizations can use health and safety training to ensure that customers are aware of the environment. Training programs by companies that point more to the environment can make customers aware of the environment and help them adopt activities that show respect to the environment.