• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.89 no.5
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• pp.576-584
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• 2000

The term 'greenways' is a fairly new one. The term greenways refer to linear corridors which set aside pieces of nature. The objective of this study was to find out the feasibility of developing greenways in Taegu. Sample of 446 trail users were asked to describe their use patterns and as well as their perceptions of the benefits and problems associated with trails through on-site interviews conducted during the months of July and August of 1999. Trail users in Taegu were predominately male(61%) and over half of the respondents used private vehicle to access to the study areas as compared to 2% of respondents used bicycle. Trail users responded that health & fitness and open space preservation were the two most important benefits, and the provision of trail access to disabled persons was ranked last. As problems at study areas, lack of interpretive information was the biggest problem followed by lack of drinking water, poor trail marking/signs and not enough information. Most(94.1%) of the trail users surveyed indicated that they would support greenways development and 96.8% of respondent would use after greenways development. Willingness to pay for developing greenways was assessed with hypothetical scenario. Average willingness to pay in the survey was 10,200 won as a tax. The development/application of greenways in Taegu would work best when establish a network of trails with environmentally sensitive manner.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.76-88
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• 2016

Machine to Machine (M2M) is a technology that presents communication between two or more devices with or without human intervention. M2M communications can be applied for various use cases such as environmental monitoring, health care, smart metering and etc. In most use cases, M2M utilizes sensor nodes to collect data from the intended environment and the data is transmitted back to M2M application through other devices (gateways, sink nodes). In some use cases, M2M devices are being designed to store and process sensor data for improving the reliability of the service; Gateways and sink nodes are also intended to store and process the gathered data from sensor nodes. This kind of approach is very challenging for both academy and industry. In order to enhance the performance of this approach, in this paper, we propose our Common Service Security Platform (CSSP) for M2M devices and gateways. CSSP platform presents solutions for the devices and gateways by making them operate more accurately and efficiently. Besides, we present a comparative analysis of communication protocols and present their performance in accordance with selected metrics.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.525-530
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to evaluate color change and enamel surface changes using the plasma arc light source during tooth bleaching treatments. Twenty-four extracted bovine incisors were selected and embedded in the resin blocks. All the specimens were highly polished and discolored with commercial $COCK^{(R)}$. High concentration carbamide peroxide with and without plasma arc were used for bleaching. Specimens were bleached for 1 hour per week during 3 weeks. Color and enamel surface changes were determined with colorimeter (TC-8600A), microhardness tester(MXT-a7), scanning electron microscope(S-4200). All the collected data analyzed with paired t-test, t-test and one-way ANOVA. After the bleaching, both groups showed the color changes(${\Delta}E^*$). Microhardness of two group decreased after tooth bleaching. The SEM evaluation of enamel surface of both group showed a similar morphology of decalcification after tooth bleaching. Office bleaching using the plasma arc application with 35% carbamide peroxide can increase the color change. Office bleaching using the high concentration of carbamide peroxide and plasma arc also detract the outer surface of enamel. It is recommended that careful procedures are needed during office bleaching with high concentration of carbamide peroxide and light source.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.215-221
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• 2019

The respiratory medical device is a medical device that delivers optimal oxygen or a certain amount of humidification to a patient by delivering artificial respiration to a patient through a machine when the patient has lost the ability to breathe spontaneously. These include respirators for use in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and anesthesia or emergency situations, and positive airway pressure devices for treating sleep apnea, and as the population of COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and elderly people worldwide surge, the market for the respiratory medical devices it is getting bigger. As the demand for both airway pressure devices, there is a problem that the ventilator standard is applied because the reference standard has not been established. Therefore, the boundaries between the items are blurred due to the purpose, intended use, and method of use overlapping similar items in a respiratory medical device. In addition, for both airway pressure devices, there is a problem that the ventilator standard is applied because the reference standard has not been established. Therefore, in this study, we propose clear classification criteria for the respiratory medical devices according to the purpose, intended use, and method of use and provide safety and performance evaluation guidelines for those items to help quality control of the medical devices. And to contribute to the rapid regulating and improvement of public health. This study investigated the safety and performance test methods through the principles of the respiratory medical device, national and international standards, domestic and international licensing status, and related literature surveys. The results of this study are derived from the safety and performance test items in the individual ventilator(ISO 80601-2-72), the International Standard for positive airway pressure device (ISO 80601-2-70), The safety and performance of humidifiers (ISO 80601-2-74) and the safety evaluation items related to home healthcare environment (IEC 60601-1-11), In addition, after reviewing the guidelines drawn up through expert consultation bodies including manufacturers and importers, certified test inspection institutions, academia, etc., the final guidelines were established through revision and supplementation. Therefore, in this study, we propose guidelines for evaluating the safety and performance of the respiratory medical device in accordance with growing technology development.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.421-427
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• 2015

Angelica gigas Nakai is one of the most widely used herbal medicines and is known to have many pharmaceutical effects including an anti-oxidant, anti-cancer etc. This study was carried out to investigate an effect of fertilization on leaf yield, production of dry-matter and accumulation of pyranocurmarine compounds such as decursin (DE) and decursinol angelate (DA) in Angelica gigas Nakai. Effect of fertilization was determined from response surface regression equation composing of 2 by 3 factorial arrangement of urea, sodium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium chloride. Yield of leaf in Angelica gigas Nakai significantly increased until 100 days after transplanting. Production of leaf also tended to increase with increasing nitrogen fertilization. Model of regression equation showed that leaf production depended upon nitrogen ($Pr>{\mid}t{\mid}$ : 0.087, 0.256 and 0.079). Also, statistical results between nitrogen application level and production of dry-matter showed significant relationship (p<0.05) and contents of dry-matter was highest in 10 kg 10a-1 treatment on 24 Sep. Active compound isolated and purified from leaf and root of Angelica gigas Nakai was identified as DE and DA by gas chromatograph-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS). Concentration of DA as prevalent compound in leaf was highest on 20 Aug. but decreased on 24 Sep. Amount of DE and DA accumulated in Angelica gigas Nakai significantly increased with growth stages and nitrogen level. The result of our investigation imply that nitrogen fertilization is important factor for production of leaf and accumulation of pyranocurmarine in Angelica gigas Nakai as a medicinal/food materials.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.864-871
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• 2010

At the current situation of continuous utilization of heavy metal contaminated upland for agricultural purpose in Korea, minimizing transport of heavy metals from soil to crops is important for securing safety of human health. The present study (in field scale) examined the efficiency of several soil amendments (dolomite, steel slag, lime, zeolite, and compost) on reduction of phytoavailable heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) in soil through comparison with no amendment treatment and clean soil cover treatment. For determination of the phytoavailability, 1 M $NH_4NO_3$ extraction and red pepper cultivation were introduced. Among the amendments, in general, dolomite and steel slag were the most effective in reduction of metal (Cd, Pb, and Zn) phytoavailability resulting in less accumulation of these metals in shoot and fruit of red pepper. However, dolomite and steel slag treatment was not as effective as clean soil cover treatment which showed the least metal accumulation in red pepper fruit. Nevertheless, with taking into account the cost, treatment of dolomite or steel slag can be competitive method because the current study showed that dolomite or steel slag treatment reduced accumulated heavy metal concentration effectively in both shoot and fruit of red pepper compared to those from control soil and the concentration in fruit was within the standard value (<0.2 mg $kg^{-1}$ for both Cd and Pb).

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.393-412
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• 2021

This study examines the assessment systems of LEED v4.1, an eco-friendly building evaluation system in the United States, and SITE v2, an assessment system for sustainable outdoor spaces, and then compares and examines them from the perspective ofrelevant laws and institutional guidelines and standards in Korea. The conclusion is as follows. First, the US eco-friendly certification system basically not only establishes an independent evaluation system according to the field of expertise, but also provides a sustainable city and community through response to the climate crisis and the comfort of the external space environment. It can be evaluated that securing the quality of life of healthy and happy city dwellers is the top priority. Second, Korea's Green Building Certification System (G-LEED) was basically based on the American LEED system, but it was judged that there was a fundamental difference. It was judged that there is a limitation in not being able to achieve an integrated approach through the participation of various expert groups and stakeholders, but also in the accumulation of more scientific and reliable data and information through the application of cutting-edge information and communication equipment. Third, in the case of external space in Korea, a sustainable assessment system has not been established, and not only is it dispersed in various legal and institutional guidelines, but also its effectiveness is judged to be very low. Therefore, it is judged that it is urgent to introduce and secure the applicability of SITES v2, a sustainable outdoor space assessment system in the United States. It was judged that the effectiveness should be secured through the upward adjustment of the minimum Ecological Area Ratio.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.349-355
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• 2021

This study applied aquatic and land-based exercises to breast cancer patients for comparative analysis and elucidation of their effects on the rehabilitation of cancer patients. Participants included 40 breast cancer patients who were divided into two groups: 20 participants in the experimental group using aquatic exercise and 20 participants in the control group using land-based exercise. After the addition of aquatic or land-based exercises five times per week for eight weeks, differences in each group's shoulder and pulmonary functions as well as their quality of life were compared and analyzed. The results showed a statistically significant difference (p<.001) for shoulder dysfunction, with the experimental group showing a greater improvement than the comparison group. Statistically significant differences (p<.05 and p<.001, respectively) were also observed for forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), with the experimental group showing greater improvements. Finally, a statistically significant difference (p<.001) was observed for change in the quality of life, with greater improvements in the experimental group than in the control group. The results of further research in this field are expected to indicate the most efficient method for the recovery and management of physical, psychological, and social health impacts of breast cancer on patients. Furthermore, the research aims to provide fundamental resources for breast cancer rehabilitation in South Korea by conducting studies on patients with lung cancer or colorectal cancer and the application of various aquatic exercise methods.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.105-114
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• 2021

The paper investigates a mediating effect of job embeddedness in the influence of positive psychological capital on organizational citizenship behavior(OCB) for members of medical institutions. The members include medical doctors, nurses, medical technicians, health administrative staffs, and other medical service staffs of hospitals in Daejeon City, Chungcheongnam-do, Chungcheongbuk-do, and Sejong City. Using 453 questionnaires for hypothesis tests, the main results are as follows. Firstly, positive psychological capital exerts a significantly positive effect on OCB. Secondly, the fit and links of job embeddedness turn out to have a significant and positive effect on OCB, whereas the sacrifice does not have statistically significant effect on it. Thirdly, while the fit and links of job embeddedness appear to have mediating effects between positive psychological capital and OCB, the sacrifice of it does not exert a mediating effect. The findings thus suggest that we need a new approach to the role of job embeddedness in the positive impacts of positive psychological capital on OCB through the fit and links of job embeddedness. Furthermore, organizations need to focus on key elements in the application of job embeddedness.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.237-245
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• 2021

Particulate matter and ultra-particle matters generally refer to very small floating dust, such as 1/6 to 1/7 and 1/20 to 1/30, respectively, compared to the thickness of human hair, and contain various types of heavy metal ions. In addition to breathing, particle matters (PM) that flows in through the gaps in the pores of the skin can induce health problems in the body's tissues and skin, so it must be removed by blocking the inflow or by washing. Through this study, we confirmed the possibility that heavy metal ions can be adsorbed and removed by using Oryza sativa (Rice) bran oil (OSBO). In addition, the cell viability is much higher than that of grain-derived components through cytotoxicity experiments, and the cytoprotective effect of an external stimulus source can be expected. It was confirmed that the expression amount of COL1A1 mRNA increased, and accordingly, it was believed that wrinkles that might be caused by moisture lost by heavy metal ions in fine dust could be alleviated. Based on the results of these experiments, we tried to present a cosmetics containing OSBO, which is a wash-off formulation, in order to finally remove heavy metals.