• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.4353-4356
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• 2016

Purpose: To study the prevalence of CIN2+ diagnosis in women with atypical Papaniculoau (Pap) smears to suggest appropriate management option for Thai health care. Materials and Methods: Data from all patients with liquid based cytology with human papillomavirus (HPV) testing between May 2013 - May 2016 were collected from medical records. Women with atypical cervical Pap smears were recruited. Results for age, HPV testing, HPV 16, 18, 45 and other genotypes tested, colposcopic examination and histopathological assessment were all collected. Atypical smears were defined as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) and atypical squamous cells cannot be exclude high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H). Results: A total of 2,144 cases were recruited. Twenty six women with ASC-US on cytology had high risk (HR) HPV detection while eight cases with ASC-H had HR-HPV (40.0% VS 72.7%, p=0.005). Among the 26 women with ASC-US cytology and positive HR-HPV, HPV type 16 (n=8, 30.8%), type 18 (n=1, 3.8%), type 45 (n=1, 3.8%) and other HPV types (n=17, 65.4%) were found. Eight women with ASC-H and positive HR-HPV demonstrated type 16 (n=6, 75%) and other HPV types (n=2, 25%). Fifty seven women with ASC-US had normal colposcopy, CIN1 and CIN2+ at percentages of 80.7 (46/57), 14.0 (8/57) and 5.3 (3/57), respectively. In the ASC-H group, 7 out of 10 women had normal colposcopy and three (30%) had CIN2+ results. Conclusions: In women with ASC-US cytology, immediate colposcopy is highly recommended. HPV testing can be performed if colposcopy is not an available option because there was high prevalence (5.3%) of CIN2+ in our findings. ASCCP recommendations for ASC-H that colposcopy should be performed on all ASC-H cases regardless of HPV result are thereby supported by the findings of this investigation.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.253-257
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• 2014

Background Although the utility of flaps for the treatment of sternal wound infections following median sternotomy has been reported for 30 years, there have been few reports on the risk factors for complications after reconstruction. The objective of this investigation was to identify factors related to complications after the reconstruction of sternal wound infections. Methods A retrospective analysis of 74 patients with reconstructive surgery after sternal wound infection over a 5-year period was performed. Clinical data including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities, bacterial culture, previous cardiac surgery, wound depth, mortality rate, type of reconstructive procedure, and complication rate were collected. Results The patients' BMI ranged from 15.2 to $33.6kg/m^2$ (mean, $23.1{\pm}3.74kg/m^2$). Wound closure complications after reconstructive surgery were observed in 36.5% of the cases. The mortality rate was 2.7%. Diabetes mellitus significantly affected the rate of wound closure complications (P=0.041). A significant difference in the number of complications was seen between Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and coagulase-negative Staphylococci (P=0.011). There was a correlation between harvesting of the internal thoracic artery and postoperative complications (P=0.048). The complication rates of the pectoralis major flap, rectus abdominis flap, omentum flap, a combination of pectoralis major flap and rectus abdominis flap, and direct closure were 23.3%, 33.3%, 100%, 37.5%, and 35.7%, respectively. Conclusions Diabetes mellitus, S. aureus, harvesting of the internal thoracic artery, and omentum flap were significant factors for complications after reconstruction. The omentum flap volume may be related to the complications associated with the omentum flap transfer in the present study.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.94-112
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• 2007

1. Backgrounds and Aims Human being is divided into 4 constitution types(Taeyangin, Soyangin, Taeumin, and Soumin). According to Sasang Constitutional Medicine[SCM] Each constitution has its own incidence, treatment and prevention of disease. The purpose of this study is to find the relation of dietary habits, life styles and Psychosocial stress with obesity in each Sasang Constitution. 2. Methods 975 subjects who have received health examinations and diagnosis of Sasang Constitution at Kyung-hee Medical Center were divided into each constitutional group. Each constitutional group was then divided into obese group and normal group. We evaluated risk factors of obesity such as dietary habits, life styles, and Psychosocial stress. These data were statistically analysed to investigate the relations between risk factors and obesity. And then significant factors were analysed by multinomial logistic regression analysis to get each odds ratio. 3. Results In a multinomial logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and sex, promotion of appetite and overeating or excessive diet elevated risks of obesity in Taeumin, promotion of appetite and high speed of diet elevated risks of obesity in Soyangin, and Psychosocial stress elevated risks of obesity in Soeumin. 4. Conclusions The results suggest that promotion of appetite and overeating or excessive diet may be major risk factors for obesity in Taeumin, promotion of appetite and high speed of diet in Soyangin and Psychosocial stress and dyschezia in Soeumin.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2000

본 논문은 인삼의 한의학적 응용과 현재 각국별 인삼의 복용기준 및 그 동안 수행된 임상실험을 중심으로 인삼의 응용과 복용량에 대한 문헌적 고찰을 하였다. 인삼분말 기준 복용량은 특별히 처방에 기술되어 있지 않은 한 1회 3~4 g정도 복용하는 것이 보편적 복용량으로 간주되며, 인삼제품도 이에 상당하는 인삼량으로 복용하면 될 것으로 사료된다. 다만 서구권의 경우는 인삼을 의약품으로 분류하여 복용량을 하루 1-2정도로 규정하고 있고 임상실험에서 사용된 인삼투여용량은 대부분 1g 이하로 되어 있다 서구에서의 인삼복용량 설정은 그 동안 인삼의 안전성(부작용과 역작용 등)과 관련된 사례보고 등에 근거하여 그 복용기준을 설정한 것으로 이해된다. 그러나 동서양간 인삼복용량의 차이점에 대해서는 동양인과 서구인들 간의 식생활 차이 또는 인종적 차이에 기인한 인삼의 복용 반응의 차이인지에 대해서 추후 검토되어야 할 사항이다. 아울러 인삼의 투여용량별 효과의 차별성이 있는지, 금후 인삼의 적정 투여용량 설정과 관련하여 인체실험을 통한 활성성분의 체내동태(Pharmacokinetics)와 자생체내 이용효율(Bioavailability)에 대한 연구가 이루어져야할 것이다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.390-405
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• 2022

충북지역 65세 이상 노인들의 조리실습을 병행한 영양교육의 효과를 연구한 결과에서 위생, 식습관, 영양지식, 만족도 모든 항목에서 1, 2차연구에 지속적으로 참여한 지역 (괴산, 보은, 진천)이 위생, 식습관, 영양지식, 만족도 점수 모두 유의적 (p < 0.001)으로 높은 것으로 나타났다. 고령사회에서 65세 이상 인구가 20%이상인 초고령 사회로 빠르게 진입하고 있는 우리나라 농촌지역에서는 고령층의 식생활 향상을 통한 건강증진 및 질병예방을 위한 효과적인 영양교육이 필수적이라 사료된다.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.171-178
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• 2011

성인 남성들이 2002년부터 2006년 까지 건강검진을 받기위해 대학병원을 내원한 성인 남성 80명을 개인별 골밀도를 5년간 관찰하여 분석하였다. 연구 대상자 성인 남성 80명의 평균연령은 $43.15{\pm}4.82$세였다. 대퇴경부의 골밀도는 1차 측정에서 -0.61에 비하여 4차 및 5차 측정에서 유의하게 감소하였으며, 척추 골밀도는 1차 측정 -0.67에서 2차 측정에서 유의한 감소를 나타냈지만 3~5차 측정에서 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 생활습관에 따른 음주, 흡연, 운동, 식습관에 따른 군 간의 대퇴경부 및 척추 골밀도 변화 값의 차이는 보이지 않았다. 1차 측정에서의 대퇴경부 골밀도를 기준으로 골밀도 상($0{\leqq}BMD$), 중($-1.0{\leqq}BMD<0$), 하(BMD < -1.0) 집단에서 1차 측정과 5차 측정 골밀도의 차이를 비교하였을 때, 상 집단에서 대퇴경부 골밀도가 1차 $0.67{\pm}0.76$에서 $0.42{\pm}0.93$로 유의하게 감소하였다. 다른 집단에서는 전후 비교에서 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 대상자들의 나이에 관계없이 젊어서부터 골밀도가 낮은 사람들은 대퇴경부 및 척추의 골밀도가 낮아 있었으며, 골밀도가 높은 사람들은 1차 측정 때부터 5차 측정 때까지 높았다. 대퇴경의 골밀도는 1차 측정에 비해 5차에서 유의한 감소를 나타내어 척추보다는 대퇴경부의 골밀도에 주의하도록 한다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.1087-1102
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• 1999

Diabetes mellitus, a universal and prevalent chronic disease, is projected to be one of the most formidable worldwide health problems in the 21st century. For those living with diabetes, there is a need for self-care skills to manage a complex medical regimen. Self-efficacy which refers to one's belief in his/her capability to monitor and perform the daily activities required to manage diabetes has be found to be related to self-care. The concept of self-efficacy comes from social cognitive theory which maintains that cognitive mechanism mediate the performance of behavior. The literature cites several research studies which show a strong relationship between self-efficacy and self-care behavior. Meta-analysis is a technique that enables systematic review and quantitative integration of the results from multiple primary studies that are relevant to a particular research question. Therefore, this study was done using meta-analysis to quantitatively integrate the results of independent research studies to obtain numerical estimates of the overall effect of a self-efficacy with diabetic patient on self-care behaviors. The research proceeded in three stages : 1) literature search and retrieval of studies in which self-efficacy was related to self-care, 2) coding, and 3) calculation of mean effect size and data analysis. Seventeen studies which met the research criteria included study population of adults with diabetes, measures of self-care and measures of self-efficacy as a predictive variable. Computation of effect size was done on DSTAT which is a statistical computer program specifically designed for meta-analysis. To determine the effect of self-efficacy on self-care practice homogeneity tests were conducted. Pooled effect size estimates, to determine the best subvariable for composite variables, metabolic control variables and component of self-efficacy and self-care, indicated that the effect of self-efficacy composite on self-care composite was moderate to large. The weighted mean effect size of self-efficacy composite and self-care composite were ＋.76 and the confidence interval was from ＋.66 to ＋.86 with the number of subjects being 1,545. The total for this meta-analysis result showed that the weighted mean effect sizes ranged from ＋.70 to ＋1.81 which indicates a large effect. But since reliabilities of the instruments in the primary studies were low or not stated, caution must be applied in unconditionally accepting the results from these effect sizes. Meta-analysis is a useful took for clarifying the status of knowledge development and guiding decision making about future research and this study confirmed that there is a relationship between self-efficacy and self-care in patients with diabetes. It, thus, provides support for nurses to promote self-efficacy in their patients. While most of the studies included in this meta-analysis used social cognitive theory as a framework for the study, some studies use Fishbein & Ajzen's attitude model as a model for active self-care. Future research is needed to more fully define the concept of self-care and to determine what it is that makes patients feel competent in their self-care activities. The results of this study showed that self-efficacy can promote self-care. Future research is needed with experimental design to determine nursing interventions that will increase self-efficacy.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.1817-1823
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• 2016

Areca nut (AN) chewing is a habit in many countries in Central, Southern, and Southeast Asia. It is strongly associated with the occurrence of oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal cancer as well as systemic inflammation. However, the association between AN intake and the development of gastric lesions has not yet been identified. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of AN on gastric diseases using a mouse model for Helicobacter pylori infection. We studied four groups of mice: those fed a normal diet (ND), those fed a diet containing 2.5% AN (AD), those fed ND and infected with H. pylori PMSS1 strain (ND/HP), and those fed AD and infected with H. pylori PMSS1 strain (AD/HP). Food intake and body weight were monitored weekly during the experiments. At 10 weeks, the mice were sacrificed, and the stomach weight, H. pylori colonization, and gastric inflammation were evaluated. The stomach weight had increased significantly in the ND/HP and AD/HP groups along with increases in H. pylori colonization; however, there was no significant difference between these two groups with respect to stomach weight and colonization. On histological grading, mononuclear cell infiltration was severer in the AD/HP group than in the ND/HP group. These data suggest that chronic gastric inflammation was aggravated by AN treatment in the mice with H. pylori-induced gastric lesions. Furthermore, as previously suggested, this animal model is useful to determine the effect of potential carcinogens on gastric lesions induced by H. pylori infection.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.234-243
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• 2012

The wintertime high loading for atmospheric pollutants is certainly expected in the Byunsan Peninsula of Korea because of a great-scale reclamation project having construction of 33 km tidal sea dike impounding an area of over 40,000 ha and long-range transport. The goal of this study is to trace the origin of this wintertime burden for ambient particulate matter (hereafter called "PM") in the Byunsan Peninsula of Korea. The size-segregated (i.e., cutoff size from 0.01 ${\mu}m$ to 4.7 ${\mu}m$) PM sampling was conducted at a ground-based site of Byunsan Peninsula located in the west coast of Korean Peninsula during the height of dike constructing. Data archived in this study are the mass concentrations of ionic, elemental, and carbonic components in size-fractioned PM. The elemental mass of individual submicrometer particles was also analyzed. The sum of 5-source (i.e., elemental carbon, organic materials, inorganic secondary pollutants, crustal matter, and sea-salts) concentrations shows the bimodal distribution (major and minor peaks formed around $D_p$, 0.65 ${\mu}m$ and $D_p$, 4.7 ${\mu}m$, respectively) by border with 0.19 ${\mu}m$ of cutoff size. The concentrations of EC in $PM_{1.1-0.01}$ in winter and spring times were 4.62 ${\mu}g\;m^{-3}$ and 3.74 ${\mu}g\;m^{-3}$, respectively. Elemental masses of submicron individual particles are classified into two groups, i.e., the major elements (Cl, Al, Si, S, and P) and the minor trace elements. Cluster analysis differentiated the elements in submicron individual particles into 4-cluster. Among them, three clusters are in agreement with the major (Al, Si, S, and P), minor (Fe, Ca, and K), and trace compositions of coal burning. Meanwhile, Cl classified as an independent cluster has different source profile which was mainly due to the Saemangeum seawall project. Some highly toxic elements (e.g., Cr, Mn, and As (and/or Pb)) were also detected in some part of submicron individual PM. As a consequence, the combination of the Saemangeum project and winter monsoon played a considerable part in the double aggravation of wintertime air pollution in the Byunsan Peninsular.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.364-375
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• 2007

본 연구의 목적은 한국인과 일본인의 Angle씨 I급, II급, III급 부정교합군에서 하악치열궁의 크기와 형태적 특성을 상호 비교 분석하는데 있었다. 한국인의 부정교합자 368명(I급 114명, II급 119명, III급 135명)과 일본인의 부정교합자 160명(I급 60명, II급 50명, III급 50명)을 대상으로 하였다. 치료 전 하악 치열 모형을 복사한 사진에서 13개의 인접한 접촉면에서 가장 협측에 위치한 점들을 좌표치화한 후 하악 치아의 두께 자료에 근거하여 임상 브라켓 점들을 설정하였고 4개의 선 계측과 이들을 이용하여 2개의 비율을 측정하였다. 각 부정교합군에서 측정 항목들에 관하여 t-test를 하였고 치열궁 형태를 square, ovoid, tapered 의 3가지로 분류한 후 분포 특성에 관하여 카이제곱 검정하였다. 그 결과 I급과 II급 부정교합군에서 일본 여성의 하악 치열궁 폭경이 일본남성, 한국 남성 및 한국 여성에 비해 작았으며, III급 부정교합군의 하악 치열궁 크기는 인종이나 성별에 따른 차이가 없었다. 그리고 모든 부정교합군에서 한국인과 일본인의 대부분이 square와 ovoid한 치열궁 형태를 가졌으며 II급 부정교합군에서는 일본인은 ovoid 형태가 52.%으로 가장 많고 한국인은 square 형태가 40%로 가장 많게 나타났다.