• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2023

The height of the table should be considered important during computed tomography (CT) examination, but according to previous studies, not all radiology technologists set the table at the patient's center at the examination, which affects the exposure dose and image quality received by the patient. Therefore, this study intends to study the image quality exposure dose according to the height of the table to realize the optimal image quality and dose during the brain CT scan. The head phantom images were acquired using Philips Brilliance iCT 256. When the image was acquired, the table height was adjusted to 815, 865, 915, 965, 1015, and 1030 mm, respectively, and each scan was performed 3 times for each height. For the exposure dose measurement, optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter (OSLD) was attached to the front, side, eye, and thyroid gland of the head phantom. In the signal to noise ratio (SNR) measurement result, The SNR values for each table height were all lower than 915 mm. As a result of exposure dose, the exposure dose on each area increased as the table height decreased. The height of the table has a close relationship with the patient's radiation exposure dose in the CT scan.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.102-107
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• 2016

Background and Objectives : Vocal polyps are caused by inflammation induced by stress or irritation. Many patients with vocal polyps complain voice discomfort. For vocal polyps, surgery such as laryngeal microsurgery has been the mainstay of management. We analyzed the clinical features of vocal polyps, and how the size and location of vocal polyps affect the outcomes of surgery. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed 42 patients from March 2014 to December 2015, who were diagnosed as unilateral single vocal polyp. When we operated on a vocal polyp with laryngeal microscopy, we measured their size and location. The quality of voice was evaluated by GRABS scale, jitter, shimmer, NHR (noise to harmonic ratio), MPT (maximum phonation time), and VHI (voice handicap index) before operation and 4 weeks after operation. Results : When we divided the patients into large-sized vocal polyp group (the longest length >3 mm) and small-sized vocal polyp group (the longest length ${\leq}3mm$), all parameter differences tend to be greater at large sized vocal polyp. However, these differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). When we divided into two groups depending on the volume of vocal polyp, no distinct tendency was found. When we compared the location (anterior, mid and posterior) of vocal polyp with the improvement of voice quality, more change was found at mid portion vocal polyp, except the difference of VHI. However, these differences were also not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusion : All parameter differences tend to be greater at large vocal polyp and polyp of the mid location.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.681-689
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• 2023

Objective: Three-dimensional rotational angiography (3D-RA) is increasingly used for the evaluation of intracranial aneurysms (IAs); however, radiation exposure to the lens is a concern. We investigated the effect of head off-centering by adjusting table height on the lens dose during 3D-RA and its feasibility in patient examination. Materials and Methods: The effect of head off-centering during 3D-RA on the lens radiation dose at various table heights was investigated using a RANDO head phantom (Alderson Research Labs). We prospectively enrolled 20 patients (58.0 ± 9.4 years) with IAs who were scheduled to undergo bilateral 3D-RA. In all patients' 3D-RA, the lens dose-reduction protocol involving elevation of the examination table was applied to one internal carotid artery, and the conventional protocol was applied to the other. The lens dose was measured using photoluminescent glass dosimeters (GD-352M, AGC Techno Glass Co., LTD), and radiation dose metrics were compared between the two protocols. Image quality was quantitatively analyzed using source images for image noise, signal-to-noise ratio, and contrast-to-noise ratio. Additionally, three reviewers qualitatively assessed the image quality using a five-point Likert scale. Results: The phantom study showed that the lens dose was reduced by an average of 38% per 1 cm increase in table height. In the patient study, the dose-reduction protocol (elevating the table height by an average of 2.3 cm) led to an 83% reduction in the median dose from 4.65 mGy to 0.79 mGy (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences between dose-reduction and conventional protocols in the kerma area product (7.34 vs. 7.40 Gy·cm², P = 0.892), air kerma (75.7 vs. 75.1 mGy, P = 0.872), and image quality. Conclusion: The lens radiation dose was significantly affected by table height adjustment during 3D-RA. Intentional head off-centering by elevation of the table is a simple and effective way to reduce the lens dose in clinical practice.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.7-16
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion from different positions, using different methods, on the quality of the insertion, for identifying a more convenient and effective insertion method. Methods: In a model ambulance, 30 paramedic students performed the LMA insertion procedure, in four different settings, combinations of the rescuer's position (at the head end of the patient, at the side of the patient), and insertion technique (index finger insertion, thumb insertion), in a randomized order. Quality of insertion index and convenience of use were measured. Results: The quality of insertion index (tidal volume, gastric insufflation, airway pressure, airway sealing pressure, midline positions, insertion success grade, and insertion time) were not significantly different among four different settings. However LMA insertion from the anterior (head) end, using the index finger method compared to the thumb method was found to be significantly more convenient. Conclusion: We recommend using the more convenient and familiar LMA insertion method, between index finger insertion and thumb insertion, regardless of rescuer's position.

• 한국음향학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국음향학회 1994년도 FIFTH WESTERN PACIFIC REGIONAL ACOUSTICS CONFERENCE SEOUL KOREA
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• pp.796-801
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• 1994

Measuring noise, sound quality or acoustical comfort presents a difficult task for the acoustic engineer. Sound and noise are ultimately jugded by human beings acting as analysers. Regulations for determining noise levels are based on A-weighted SPL measurement performed with only one microphone. This method of measurement is usually specified when determining whether the ear can be physically damaged. Such a simple measurement procedure is not able to determine annoyance of sound events or sound quality in general. For some years investigations with binaural measurement analysis technique have shown new possibilities for the objective determination of sound quality. By using Artificial Head technology /1/, /2/ in conjunction with psychoacoustic evaluation algorithms - and taking into account binaural signal processing of human hearing, considerable progress regarding the analysis of sounds has been made. Because sound events often arise in a complex way, direct conclusions about components subjectively judged to be annoying with regard to their causes and transmission paths, can be drawn in a limited way only. A new procedure, complementing binaural measurement technology combined with mulit-channel measuements of acceleration sensor signals has been developed. This involves correlating signals influencing sound quality, analyzed by means of human hearing, with signals form different acceleration sensors fixed at different positions of the sound source. Now it is possible to recognize the source and the transmission way of those signals which have an influence on the annoyance of sound.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2008

Background and Purpose：Nausea, vomiting and weight loss are common problems that are encountered in the course of cancer patient treatment who are receiving radiotherapy. In this study, we are aiming to analyze the effect of megestrol acetate on quality of life of head and neck cancer patients receiving radiotherapy, resulting from improvement of weight loss, appetite and nutritional status via multicenter, open-labeled, observational clinical trial. Material and Methods：A total of 270 patients from 10 medical institutes who are receiving radiotherapy or who have completed radiotherapy within 3 months, between February 2007 and February 2008, were selected as candidates for the study. Megestrol acetate suspension(megace) was given to the subjectives once a week for 4 weeks with the amount of 20ml(megestrol 800mg). Measurement of weight and questionnaire surveys were carried out three times: at the start of the study, 4 weeks after the start of the medication, and 4 weeks after the end of the medication, respectively. Results：The group who has received megace had a total number of 199, and control group was 70. The group who have received megace showed mean weight loss of 1kg in 8 weeks, compared with the weight loss of 5.5kg in control group, which showed that the medication was effective in reducing the amount of weight loss(P=0.027). The group who received megace had a tendency to report a reduced rate of decrease in the score of appetite, nausea and vomiting, and QOL score, but it did not have statistical significance(P>0.05). Conclusion：Megestrol acetate have reduced the degree of weight loss significantly, and it has a tendency to reduce the rate of decrease in appetite, aggravation of nausea and vomiting, and quality of life.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.456-466
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• 2002

Wild ginseng production is increasing due to forest recovery for last 30 years. Total number of Symmani (traditional mountain ginseng digger) was 558 in 2001. Provincial distribution of Symmani in 2001 was highest in Kangwon $(32\%),$ next in Choongbook $(21\%)$ and least in Jeonnam $(0.7\%)$ and Kyoungnam $(0.9\%).$ Age distribution of Symmani was $33\%\;for\;fourties,\;32\%$ for fifties and $20\%$ for sixties. There were 8 persons in eighties. Symmanies are still keeping traditional ritual for mountain god serving clothes of colored ribbons and foods. Increased production induced open market system from underground dealing of mountain ginseng. Korea Mountain Ginseng Association established mountain ginseng assessment committee with professional Symmanies in 2001. From September to November in 2001, 987 roots were requested for quality assessment to the committee and 476 roots $(48\%)$ were passed and graded and others were rejected. Highest frequency of rejection was foreign origin. Pass rate was highest $(74\%)$ in Choongnam suggesting best place for quality. Number of collected roots in each province was positively correlated (p=0.05) with number of Symmanies. There are 3 quality groups of mountain ginseng, Heaven (pure natural), Earth (from seeding of wild ginseng) and Man (from seeding or seedling of wild ginseng with slight environmental modification). The relationship between price and age was polynomial in high quality root, Heaven, Earth and seed long head of Man group, and linear in low quality group, seedling long head of Man. The best one in 2001 was 26 g, 124 years old and sold with 109 million won. Quality criteria are age, shape, weight, color and healthy outlook. Fine roots are criteria for health status of roots and taproot is criteria for efficacy and called as medicine barrel. The implication is that ginsenosides have rarely been experienced for efficacy. The quality criteria of cultivated ginseng were originated from those of mountain ginseng. It is unique for mountain ginseng that only fresh one can be on market. Since quality criteria of mountain ginseng must be based on the efficacy experience it is well expected that present criteria might almost be established at the age of Shinnong Materia Medica.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.76-86
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• 1979

This study was conducted to find out the effects of rainfall occurring during the paddy sun-during process of traditional paddy harvesting operations on the quality of milld rice. Rice varieties used for the experiment were MINEHIJARI variety a japonica and SUWEON 264 vareity , a sister-line of TONG-IL . Sun-drying days after the paddy cutting, times of storm occurrance during sun-drying period, and storm duration were treated as variables. The results is summarised as follows : 1. Brown rice recovery exposed to rainfall during the sun-druing period were ranged 81.6-82.1% and 79.4-80.2% for MINEHIKARI and SUWEON 264 varieties, respectively. which showed negligible effect by rainfall. 2. Milling recovery of MINEHIKARI variety was not affected by storm duration but by the by the sun-drying days after cutting as the sun-drying days increased to eight and four days when the variety met the rainfall one and two times, respectively. The range of milling recoveries of MINEHIKARI variety were 75.18-74.07% and 75.24-73.46% as the variety met the rainfall one and two times, respectively, and it were estimated that up to 0.9% and 1.5% of milling recovery would be reduced by one and two times of rainfall during sun-drying period. 3. The milling recovery of SUWEON 264 variety was affected only by the increase of drying days after cutting when it met one time of rainfall during the sun-drying period, while it was begun to reduce by the storm duration more than 11hours as the drying paddy met two times of rainfall. The milling reveries of the paddy met one and two times of rainfall were ranged 74.24-73.21% and 74.02-72.36% which were estimated to be reduced up to 0.9 % and 1.8% by the increase of the drying days after cutting and storm duration , respectively. 4. The head rice recovery of MINEHIKARI rice variety showed notable decrease as the drying days after cutting increased, and also it was greatly reduced even by the five hours of storm duration when one time of rainfall occurred but it was not affected by storm duration when the rainfall occurred two times. Head rice recoveries of MINEHIKARI met one and two times of rainfall during the sun-drying period were 65. 15 -40.85% and 61.86 - 30.03 %, which showed terrible reduction as much as up to 25% and 35% compared to that which did not met rainfall during the sun-drying process. 5. Head rice recovery or SUWEON 264 variety was very much reduced as the sum-drying days after cutting increased. Storm duration less than five hours during the sun-drying process did not affect on the decrease of head rice recovery when the variety was exposed to one time of rainfall, while storm duration affected considerably on the reduction of head rice recovery of SUWEON 264 variety exposed to two times of rainfall. The range of head rice recovery, 56.43 - 33.94% and 51.28 - 21.03% , for the paddy exposed to rainfall one and two times were evaluated that up to 24% and 37% of reduction in head rice recovery would be brought about compared to the head rice recovery of the sundriedpaddy that did not met the rainfall.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.75-75
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• 1979

This study was conducted to find out the effects of rainfall occurring during the paddy sun-during process of traditional paddy harvesting operations on the quality of milld rice. Rice varieties used for the experiment were MINEHIJARI variety a japonica and SUWEON 264 vareity , a sister-line of TONG-IL . Sun-drying days after the paddy cutting, times of storm occurrance during sun-drying period, and storm duration were treated as variables. The results is summarised as follows : 1. Brown rice recovery exposed to rainfall during the sun-druing period were ranged 81.6-82.1% and 79.4-80.2% for MINEHIKARI and SUWEON 264 varieties, respectively. which showed negligible effect by rainfall. 2. Milling recovery of MINEHIKARI variety was not affected by storm duration but by the by the sun-drying days after cutting as the sun-drying days increased to eight and four days when the variety met the rainfall one and two times, respectively. The range of milling recoveries of MINEHIKARI variety were 75.18-74.07% and 75.24-73.46% as the variety met the rainfall one and two times, respectively, and it were estimated that up to 0.9% and 1.5% of milling recovery would be reduced by one and two times of rainfall during sun-drying period. 3. The milling recovery of SUWEON 264 variety was affected only by the increase of drying days after cutting when it met one time of rainfall during the sun-drying period, while it was begun to reduce by the storm duration more than 11hours as the drying paddy met two times of rainfall. The milling reveries of the paddy met one and two times of rainfall were ranged 74.24-73.21% and 74.02-72.36% which were estimated to be reduced up to 0.9 % and 1.8% by the increase of the drying days after cutting and storm duration , respectively. 4. The head rice recovery of MINEHIKARI rice variety showed notable decrease as the drying days after cutting increased, and also it was greatly reduced even by the five hours of storm duration when one time of rainfall occurred but it was not affected by storm duration when the rainfall occurred two times. Head rice recoveries of MINEHIKARI met one and two times of rainfall during the sun-drying period were 65. 15 -40.85% and 61.86 - 30.03 %, which showed terrible reduction as much as up to 25% and 35% compared to that which did not met rainfall during the sun-drying process. 5. Head rice recovery or SUWEON 264 variety was very much reduced as the sum-drying days after cutting increased. Storm duration less than five hours during the sun-drying process did not affect on the decrease of head rice recovery when the variety was exposed to one time of rainfall, while storm duration affected considerably on the reduction of head rice recovery of SUWEON 264 variety exposed to two times of rainfall. The range of head rice recovery, 56.43 - 33.94% and 51.28 - 21.03% , for the paddy exposed to rainfall one and two times were evaluated that up to 24% and 37% of reduction in head rice recovery would be brought about compared to the head rice recovery of the sundriedpaddy that did not met the rainfall.

• 청정기술
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.78-85
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• 1999

우리나라 고유의 식품산업으로서 최근 급격한 성장을 보이고 있는 김치제조 산업에서 원재료인 배추를 절인 후 염을 세척하는 과정에서 다량의 폐세척수가 발생한다. 본 연구에서는 세척수 사용량의 최적화를 통해 근원적으로 폐세척수 발생량을 저감하기 위한 접근 방법이 고찰되었다. 세척공정을 최적화하기 위한 방법으로 실제공장의 향류식 연속 세척공정 대신 연속 회분식 세척공정을 통한 모사실험이 수행되었으며 실제공정을 효과적으로 모사할 수 있었다. 동일한 원산지 배추에 대해 염절임 후 임의 추출된 표본간의 세척효율의 차이는 미미하였으나 배추의 원산지별 특성에 따라서는 세척효율면에서 상당한 차이를 보였다. 세척수 양을 3.3 L/head(포기)에서 2.7 L/head(포기)까지 감소시켰을 경우에 배추에 남아있는 COD, 탁도, 전기전도도, $Na^+$, $Cl^-$의 농도는 거의 유사하거나 완만하게 증가하는 경향성을 보였으나 세척수량을 2.4 L/head이하로 감소시킴에 따라 세척효율의 악화가 뚜렷이 나타났다. 관능시험에서 세척수의 사용량을 2.7 L/head까지 줄여도 김치의 품질에는 아무 영향이 없었으나 세척수 양을 2.4 L/head이하로 감소시켰을 경우에는 김치의 염분 농도가 너무 높아 젖산 발효율이 저하되었고 짠맛과 함께 이미가 느껴졌다. 결국 제품의 품질에 전혀 영향을 미치지 않는 범위내에서 세척수 사용량을 약 18%까지 절감할 수 있는 것으로 사료되었다.