• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.4 no.6
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• pp.534-543
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to identify the body proportions of girls in middle and high school who have been a major sales target of clothing manufacturers and thus to provide the basic information on the proportion of human body, which is essential for manufacturer to produce clothing and for individual consumers to select right apparels to wear and purchase. The subjects were 133 girls in middle school and 141 girls in high school. As measuring instruments, the Martin's anthropometer, tapelines, and belts for marking waistline were used. In order to analyze the data, t-test and factor analysis were used. The measurement of vertical distance between vertex and measuring points, showed a significant difference between the high school group and middle school group in every item. In the comparison of eight head proportion between the two groups, middle school students had 7.2 head proportion while girls in high school had 6.9 head proportion in detail. The factor analysis of major divided body parts of the two groups indicated that waist-hip and hip-crotch, constituting lower trunk together, vertex-apex nasi, and apex nasi-back neck point, constituting head together, back neck point-spina scapula and spina scapula-waist, constituting posterior of upper body together, and mentum-bust point and bust point-waist, constituting anterior of upper body together, were in inverse proportion.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 1984

In order to obtain high proportion of Y sperm the semen was laid over 6%,10% and 20% bovine serum albumin. Separated sperm were stained with quinacrine mustard in order to see F - body which could be seen in human Y sperm. But we could'nt find F-body in the bull sperm. So sperm were compared with size of sperm head. As a result of observation separated sperm was small in size of length and width of sperm head as compared with control sperm. So it was found that the proportion of Y sperm showed a marked increase in separated layer. Then the higher albumin density was, the higher the proportion of Y sperm which had smaller head and faster motility was. But the higher albumin density was, the lower the recovery rate of sperm was. So it was hard to separate Y sperm in oligospermia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.10
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• pp.35-49
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• 2007

This study aims at strengthening the national competitiveness of Korea's clothing industry as it provides substantial information on type characteristics and body types for Chinese women and improves the fitness of clothing, considering human proportion in the production of clothing products for export to China. It divides the group by residental district and specific markets. It analyzes the part proportion of body types by each group. This selected specimen as 1,381 of Chinese women from 19 to 50 selected in random sampling in Shanghai and Beijing from 23th, June to 7th August in 2004. 1. Beijing women have long head length of 7.04 in proportion while Shanghai women have short head length of 7.14 in proportion. 2. For 19-24 years old women, head-to-height ratio (HHR) is 7.14, while 24-34 years old women and 35-50 years old women are 7.04 and 7.09 respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.217-232
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• 2015

Clothing design considers the concept of human body proportions. This paper proposes an anterior somatotype and body proportion modular by head ratio for 20s to 30s Korean males. Anterior somatotype is classified into 18-types with 13 ratios that consist of 7 heights and 6 widths divided by stature. A total of 18-types are expressed in numerical values that represent the percentage of the stature and geometrical figures represented on the grids one unit is 1% of the stature. The torso is divided by 6 modules that are side neck to shoulder, shoulder to axillary, axillary to waist, waist to navel, navel to hip, and hip to crotch. Head and leg can be estimated as numerical information of stature and torso. Morphological characteristics of anterior somatotype are analyzed by 4 factors based on results and 18-types named by simple signs. We develop a new classification of anterior somatotype that integrate vertical and horizontal characters of body proportions. The use of integrated classification in the clothing industry is expected to increase the clothing fit.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.405-417
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to investigate proportional characteristics of soft tissue profile in Korean young adults. The sample consisted of 50 young adults(25 males and 25 females) who had pleasing profile and normal occlusion. Soft tissue proportional analysis was performed on lateral cephalograms taken in natural head position. The results were as follows : 1. Mean and standard deviation of proportional analysis were obtained. 2. Horizontal and vertical dimensions were larger in male. But facial proportion had no sexual difference except upper/lower face height (p<0.05). Upper/lower face height was larger in female than in male. 3. Vertical dimensions, except SN-ST, had high correlation with horizontal dimensions. 4. Head positioning error of natural head position was smaller than inter -individual variability of SN line.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.183-192
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• 2004

The effect of eight varieties of grain and forage type whole crop rice (Oryza sativa L Japonica) each harvested at four stages of maturity were investigated for morphology and yield, proportion of botanical fractions, fermentatability and chemical composition in an $8{\times}4$ factorial experiment. All crops were sown in 1997 at Saitama Prefecture, Japan under identical condition and harvested on 10, 22, 34 and 45 days after flowering in 1998. Total DM yield of forage type varieties was similar to that of the highest yield of grain type varieties. However, while yield of forage type varieties was attributed to higher proportion of straw than head, the reverse was in the case of grain type varieties. Yield in line with the proportion of head increased (p<0.001), but in contrast proportion of straw decreased (p<0.001) with the increase in maturity. Silage fermentability of grain type varieties was better than forage type varieties. Fermentability improved with the increase (p<0.001) in maturity suggesting that the moisture content should be reduced to improve fermentation quality. Forage type varieties contained higher (p<0.001) ash, crude fat (EE), organic cell wall (OCW) and acid detergent fiber (ADF), but contained lower crude protein (CP), organic cell content (OCC), CP in OCC and nitrogen-free cell wall extract (NCWFE) than the grain type varieties. The ash, CP, EE, Oa (60% digestible OCW), Ob (40% digestible OCW), OCW, ADF and acid detergent lignin (ADL) decreased (p<0.001), but OCC and NCWFE increased (p<0.001) with the increase in maturity. It is concluded that stage of maturity not only increases yield and proportion of head, but also improved the fermentation quality and increases quality chemical composition (except CP) of whole crop rice. Forage type varieties may be as good as grain type varieties in terms of yield, but fermentation quality and chemical composition may not be as good as that of grain type varieties.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.3-8
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• 2000

Background and Objectives: Adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary glands is characterized by insidious growth over many years, local recurrences, and distant metastasis and classified to three distinct histologic subtypes: tubular, cribriform, and solid. The solid type is known to have the worst prognosis. However, histopathologic heterogeneity is observed in tumors from the same patient. We have attempted to elucidate the genotypic differences, characterized by polysomies of chromosome 17, in adenoid cystic carcinoma according to the phenotypic histopathologic heterogeneity. Materials and Methods: Fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin blocks from seven patients with head and neck adenoid cystic carcinoma, using the centromeric $\alpha$-satellite probe of chromosome 17 to detect nuclei exhibiting polysomy. The difference in polysomeric chromosome expression in cribriform, tubular, solid type and type I, II, III according to the Szanto classification was analyzed. Results: Polysomy of chromosome 17 was found in 15.28% of the cribriform type, in 15.68% of the tubular type, and in 18.87% of the solid type. The proportion of polysomy was statistically higher in the solid type than in the cribriform type(p<0.05), and the proportion of polysomy increased progressively from type 1 to type 3, but this trend was statistically insignificant(p>0.05). Conclusion: We suggest that there may be genetic variations in tumor from the same patient depending on the histopathologic heterogenetiy in adenoid cystic carcinomas.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.4957-4961
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• 2014

Background: Head and neck cancer without distant metastases is amenable to various modalities of treatment. However, the stage at presentation is a very important determinant for treatment success. The present study was conducted to determine the stage-wise presentation of non-metastatic head and neck cancer patients from the hilly regions in Kumaon division of Uttarakhand, India. Materials and Methods: The hospital records for non-metastatic head and neck cancer patients from the only functional cancer centre of the region for the period of two-years (January 2012-December 2013) were included. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma was excluded due to its staging system being different. Non-squamous histopathologies were also excluded. Patients hailing from nearby regions of Uttar Pradesh and Nepal were excluded, as were patients from non-hilly regions of Kumaon. Results: Of the 271 patients of head and neck cancer, 27 with distant metastases at diagnosis were excluded from the analysis. Of the 244 eligible patient records, 90.1% (n=222) were male, and 9.9% (n=22) were female. The proportions of patients with carcinoma of the larynx, oropharynx, oral cavity, hypopharynx and maxillary antrum were 31.9% (n=78), 27.9% (n=68), 20.5% (n=50), 12.7% (n=31) and 1.2% (n=3). A further 5.7% (n=14) were diagnosed as having secondary involvement of neck nodes with unknown primaries. The proportion of patients presenting in stages I, II, III, IVA and IVB were 0.8% (n=2), 2.5% (n=6), 9.4% (n=23), 51.6% (n=126) and 35.7% (n=87) respectively. Conclusions: An abysmally low proportion (3.3%) of non-metastatic head and neck cancer patients presented in the early stages (I and II). A vast majority of the patients (88.1%) presented with stages IVA and IVB. Not only does this reflect a poor therapeutic outlook, but also exposes the dire need for programmes focusing on cancer awareness and early detection in the region.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.1383-1388
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• 2001

To explore the factors restricting animal performance in relation to sward structure under a strip-grazing system, measurements of sward factors, herbage intake and milk production at 3 levels of herbage allowance were made on perennial ryegrass (Latium perenne L.) sward for 3 experimental periods. About 29%, 36% and 52% of the biomass offered was removed by grazing in high $(42kg\;OM{\cdot}day^{-1}{\cdot}head^{-1})$, medium $(30kg\;OM{\cdot}day^{-1}{\cdot}head^{-1})$ and low $(18kg\;OM{\cdot}day^{-1}{\cdot}head^{-1})$ herbage allowance plots. Live leaf material was much more affected by grazing under different herbage allowance levels than dead material or leaf sheath. Grazing with a low herbage allowance decreased the proportion of live lamina by 93% and live lamina density by 96% before grazing. The density of dead material plus sheath was decreased by 17% after grazing at a low allowance, while it slightly increased or remained constant in the plots applied with high and medium allowances, respectively. The highly significant (p<0.01) correlations between herbage allowance and proportion (r=0.94) and density (r=0.91) of live lamina in residual sward after grazing were observed. Daily herbage intakes in the plots with high and medium levels of herbage allowance were not significantly different at $15.3kg\;OM{\cdot}head^{-1}$ in average, whereas with low level it decreased to $13.9kg\;OM{\cdot}head^{-1}$. Daily milk production was significantly (p<0.05) declined from $22.3kg{\cdot}head^{-1}$ (at high herbage allowance) to $19.7kg{\cdot}head^{-1}$ (at low herbage allowance). The data obtained clearly indicated that herbage intake and milk production were highly affected by the characteristics of residual sward, which were closely related to the level of herbage allowance.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.743-756
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to set measurement parts which are important to identify the size and shape of the head in order to produce tightly fitted hats, and to identify detailed sizes and the major factors of head shape classifications of Korean women. A total of 285 Korean women's in the age group of 18 to 35 years old. It were measured through the direct measurement method by selecting 67 measurement items. Materials were analyzed by SPSS Ver.10 and technology statistics and factor analysis were performed according to the agenda. An attempt was made to conduct factor analysis of the measured region of the head in women's. Here, this study drew the head and the facial parts horizontal size as Factor 1, the head and facial parts vertical size as Factor 2, the circumference and width item as Factor 3, the factor representing the form of head height as Factor 4, the factor expressing the proportion of the facial form as Factor 5 and the factor about the frontal and back head form on the plan of the middle as Factor 6. Through this study, we will be able to systemize head measurement materials that can differentiate Korean's head from other peoples' and can use the results in developing head shape models according to Korean's head shape by selecting major head parts needed to identify the sizes and shapes.