• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2011

Scrophulariae Radix (Scrophulariaceae) has been traditionally used to treat pharyngitis, laryngitis, tonsillitis, fever, and edema. To compare the quality of the Scrophulariae Radix produced from Gyeongbuk with that from China, a quantitative analysis on the major component, E-harpagoside, was performed by reversed-phase HPLC, and a relative inhibitory activity of nitric oxide (NO) was assayed in the Raw 264.7 cells. Using a Luna $C_{18}$(2) column, we carried out quantitative analysis with a gradient of 0.1% phosphoric acid in water and acetonitrile. Our results demonstrated that the content of E-harpagoside in Gyeongbuk's Scrophulariae Radix were three times higher than that of Chinese. Moreover, the inhibitory activity of Scrophulariae Radix of Gyeongbuk's in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO production was higher than that of Chinese.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.15-18
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• 2007

Scrophulariae Radix(Scrophulariaceae) is a perennial growing in all parts of korea, China and Asia. It has been used as a folk medicine in treating guttural diseases acting as an antiphlogistics, antipyretics and analgesics. In this report, to compare with Korea and China product, quantitative analysis of harpagoside and p-methoxy cinnamic acid(4-MCA) was performed by HPLC method. Using a Luna $C_{18}(2)$ column, we carried out quantitative analysis with 0.1% phosphoric acid in water and acetonitrile as gradient condition. Harpagoside and 4-MCA were detected at retention time of about 11.5 and 15.0 min, respectively. Contents of harpagoside and 4-MCA proved that Korean products were higher than China more than twice.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.399-406
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• 2019

The roots of Scrophularia buergeriana were extracted with 80% aqueous Methanol and the concentrates were partitioned into EtOAc, n-BuOH, and H₂O fractions. The repeated silica gel or octadecyl SiO₂column, and medium pressure liquid chromatographies for the n-BuOH fraction led to isolation of phenylethanoid glycosides and iridoid glycosides. The chemical structures of these compounds were determined as harpagoside (1), angoroside C (2), aucubin (3) and acetoside (4) based on spectroscopic analyses including nuclear magnetic resonance and MS. A simple and efficient HPLC with UV detection method for the simultaneous determination of the four compounds (1-4) has been developed and applied to their content determination in the S. buergeriana. The roots were extracted by 80% methanol, and the contents of 1, 2, 3, and 4 were determined to 11.5, 7.6, 41.2, and 4.8 mg/g, respectively. Additionally, angoroside C (2) and acetoside (4) exhibited hepatoprotective effect against ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in HepG2 cell line.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.110-110
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• 2022

Scrophularia koraiensis Nakai (S. koraiensis) has used its roots as traditional herbal medicine. Some research is reported to be effective in allergic inflammation and osteoporosis. In a present study, we conducted to investigate the bioactivity of the ethanol extract of S. koraiensis (ESK) on the inhibition of melanogenesis and the apoptosis of melanocytes. We analyzed Harpagoside of ESK by using LCMS and HPLC-PDA and investigated the regulation of ESK on reactive oxygen species. Also, the expressions of melanin synthesis-related factors and apoptosis-related factors were confirmed. As a result, the quantification results of quercetin and rutin in ESK were 77.2 and 7.4 mg/g. IC₅₀ on DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity is 33.1 and 9.5 ug/mL. ESK attenuated not only the expression of tyrosinase, TYRP-1, TYRP-2, and MITF in melanogenesis. It is thought that ESK may be effective in the inhibition of melanogenesis through MAPK cell signaling pathway in melanocytes. These study results suggest that ESK has the ability to inhibit melanin production and induce apoptosis.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.107-107
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• 2022

Scrophularia koraiensis Nakai is widely used to remedy fever, edema, and neuritis. S. koraiensis has harpagoside and angoroside C, these compounds have been reported to alleviate inflammation, rheumatic diseases, and analgesic stimulation. We evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of the ethanol extract of S. koraiensis (SKE) in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced macrophages. At cellular levels, SKE decreased the production of nitric oxide (NO), the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cytokines (IL-1b, TNF-a, and IL-6) under the LPS stimulation. SKE inhibited the phosphorylation of nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 and its inhibitor (IκB-α). In addition, SKE suppressed the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. In conclusion, SKE could be considered a potential resource for attenuating inflammation response and it may be utilized in the material for cosmetics, food additives, and tea.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.65-72
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• 2015

Objectives To investigate and validate potential standard compounds for standardization of Sinbaro3 pharmacopuncture prepared at OO Hospital of Korean Medicine. Methods Sinbaro3 pharmacopuncture was prepared by extraction, purification and hydrolysis of Harpagophytum procumbens, and various potential standard compounds were quantified through HPLC-UV and HPLC-MS analysis. Validation was examined by assessing specificity, linearity, precision, and accuracy. Results The retention time of harpagide and cinnamic acid were 15.2 min and 28.2 min, respectively, and both showed good linearity in analysis by concentration at 0.9999 and 0.9998, respectively. Intra-day variation of precision was 0.0015~0.0045% and 0.0058~0.1629%, while inter-day variation of precision was 0.0011~0.0243% and 0.0098~0.1629%, and that of accuracy was 99.53~99.89% and 99.50~99.91%, respectively. Conclusions Harpagide and cinnamic acid, which are hydrolyzates of harpagoside within Sinbaro3 pharmacopuncture, were both validated using HPLC-MS and HPLC-UV analysis, and Sinbaro3 pharmacopuncture contained 78.41 ug/ml harpagide, and 2.05 ug/ml cinnamic acid.