• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.15-27
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• 1988

This study was designed to measure the amount of formaldehyde in the disposable napkins of eighteen (18) different products. It was aimed to investigate the actual situation of the napkin consumption and to relate it to the amount of formaldehyde measured. The degree of recognizability on the harmfulness of formaldehyde was also studied. The amount of formaldehyde was measured by means of the Acetyl Acetone method. The actual situation of consumption and the recognizability of the formaldehyde were investigated by questionnaire. in the survey, the subjects was 12~53 years old and lived in Seoul Kyoungki-city. The statistical methods used were simple frequency and chi-square. The results obtained from this study were as follows; 1) Among eighteen (18) different disposable napkins, all was found to have less amount of formaldehyde than the japanese regulation. 2) From the survey on the actual situation of consumption, most resondents (66.1%) experienced the dermaptological problem after using the disposable napkins. 3) The recognizability of formaldehede was very low. The recognizability on the harmfulness of formaldehyde was low too, which represented the consumers had least or no knowledge about the formaldehyde release problem.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.42-51
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of environment-friendliness of Root Barrier materials based on comprehensive experiments on harmfulness of Root Barrier materials and fish toxicity of Oryzias latipes mortality to verify eco-toxicity of each method of construction and Root Barrier material, which are to be applied by taking eco-toxicity into account when building ecological flows in upper areas on natural and artificial grounds. As a result, the following conclusions have been reached in this study: 1. In regard of the harmfulness analyzed, each material showed a different result of analytical value in each lab tank. Compared to lab tank, pH (la), DO (lb), T-N (VI) and T-coli (la) were in the same grade, but COD, SS, T-P and F-coli were less than that of control, respectively increased or decreased by material were analyzed. 2. In the experiment of fish toxicity, Barrier sheet was found to have 66.7% of fish mortality, indicating strong fish toxicity. Synthetic rubber system root barrier sheet (20.0%) was analyzed to have medium fish toxicity, while Synthetic resin system root barrier-waterproof sheet (3.3%), Synthetic rubber system membrane root barrier sheet (3.3%) and Synthetic resin system root barrier sheet (0.0%) showed relatively lower mortality and fish toxicity. To sum up such results as found in the experiment mentioned so far, the values of harmfulness and root penetration resistance analyzed were different in each lab tank, but there was absolutely little correlation with the mortality gained from the experiment on fish toxicity. In the experiment of fish toxicity, environment-friendly root barrier materials were analyzed, and it was found that Synthetic resin system root barrier sheet, Synthetic resin system root barrier waterproof sheet and Synthetic rubber system membrane root barrier sheet are highly environment-friendly. In contrast, Synthetic rubber system root barrier sheet was found to have medium-level environment-friendliness. Also, Barrier sheet was analyzed to have low environment-friendliness.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.6708-6714
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• 2015

Various types of multimedia contents have been widely spread and distributed with the Internet that is easy to use. Meanwhile, Multimedia contents can bright a social problem because juveniles can access such harmful contents easily through the Internet. This paper proposes a method to determine if an input image is harmful or not, using an neural network. The proposed method first detects a face region from an input image through MCT features. The method then extracts skin color regions using color features and obtains candidate nipple areas from the extracted skin regions. Subsequently, we determine if the input image is harmful, by filtering out non-nipple regions using the artificial neural network. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively determine the harmfulness of input images.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2016

This study implemented the survey and analysis of the exposure to radiation by using the questionnaire targeting H Health College, located in Daejeon from September 1st, 2014 to October 15th. A total of 400 copies of the questionnaire was distributed and among them, 385 copies, excluding 15 omitted ones (total collection ratio: 96.3%), were used for the analysis. The analysis results are as follows. For the harmfulness of radiation for diagnosis, the average of the health-related was 3.15 and the average of the health-unrelated was 2.82, which the health-related students recognized the harmfulness of radiation for diagnosis higher (p<.001). The necessity of radiation for diagnosis was appeared higher from the health-related students as the average of the health-related was 3.07 and 2.52 for the average of the health-unrelated (p<.001). The recognition on the prevention of the exposure to radiation was higher from the health-related students as the average of the health-related was 3.13 and 1.84 for the average of the health-unrelated (p<.001). From this study, the necessity of using radiation from the medical field and the recognition on its harmfulness appeared to have a big difference between the health-related and health-unrelated. For such, the accurate understanding of the recognition on radiation and the education to improve recognition on radiation are considered to be required.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.55-65
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• 2006

Purpose : This was aimed to investigate the effects of empirical smoking prevention program on the knowledge of the harmfulness of smoking, attitude to smoking, smoking temptation among female high school students. Methods : This study used nonequivalent control group pre and post test design. The subjects were recruited from the first and second grade at the two girls' high schools located in Ulsan city, and randomly assigned to two groups(113 in the experimental group and 117 in the control). The intervention was both the events such as nonsmoking promulgation and experiential learning programs and student-oriented educational sessions(once a week for six weeks). Data was analyzed with X2 test, t-test and ANCOVA. Results : The mean knowledge was 12.5 for pretest and 13.7 for posttest in the experimental group, and 12.7 and 13.4 in the control group, retrospectively. The mean attitude was 71.0 for pretest and 72.2 for posttest in the experimental group, and 72.3 and 72.6 in the control group, retrospectively. The mean temptation was 15.0 for pretest and 14.7 for posttest in the experimental group, and 13.9 and 14.0 in the control group, retrospectively. There's no difference in the change of the knowledge of the harmfulness of smoking, attitude to smoking, smoking temptation between experimental and control groups. Conclusion : As the possible reasons, the subjects already had sufficient knowledge on the harmfulness of smoking, the research questionnaires were too plain to get any difference, the effect of intervention was too small to show a difference in such as short-term, and finally, there were many external factors. Hence, we recommend further studies with appropriate questionnaire for longer time.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.57-68
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of environment-friendliness of waterproof materials based on comprehensive experiments on waterproofness in terms of coefficients of permeability, harmfulness of waterproof materials and fish toxicity of Oryzias latipes mortality to verify eco-toxicity of each method of construction and waterproof material, which are to be applied by taking eco-toxicity into account when building ecological flows in upper areas on natural and artificial grounds. As a result, the following conclusions have been reached in this study: 1. In regard of the harmfulness analyzed, each material showed a different result of analytical value in each lab tank. Compared to input water, pH, COD, SS, T-P, and T-N values increased a little, but DO value decreased. The value of turbidity analyzed independent of the water quality standard of aquatic ecosystem set forth by the Ministry of Environment increased a little compared to the value in input water. 2. In the experiment of fish toxicity, compacted quicklime, cement fluid waterproof material, cement mortar waterproof material and bentonite powder were found to have 100% of fish mortality, respectively, and membrane waterproof material showed 83.3% of mortality, indicating strong fish toxicity. Improved asphalt sheet (63.3%) and synthetic rubber sheet (53.3%) were analyzed to have medium fish toxicity, while bentonite sheet (6.7%), Hwang-toh (6.7%) and clay (3.3%) showed relatively lower mortality and fish toxicity. 3. Regarding the analysis on waterproofness in terms of the coefficient of permeability of each waterproof material, improved asphalt sheet, synthetic rubber sheet, membrane waterproof material, cement fluid and mortar waterproof material and bentonite sheet were found impervious in case no leakage takes place in construction. Bentonite powder was found practically impervious based on the analytical results from the experiment done in compliance with weight ratios. So were the clay and Hwang-toh from the experimental results. To sum up such results as found in the experiment mentioned so far, the values of harmfulness and waterproofness analyzed were different in each lab tank, but there was absolutely little correlation with the mortality gained from the experiment on fish toxicity. In the experiment of fish toxicity, environment-friendly waterproof materials were analyzed, and it was found that clay, Hwang-toh and bentonite sheet are highly environment-friendly. In contrast, synthetic rubber and improved asphalt sheets were found to have medium-level environment-friendliness. Also, membrane water-proof materials, compacted quicklime, cement fluid and mortar waterproof material and bentonite powder were analyzed to have low environment-friendliness.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.139-140
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• 2007

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.175-189
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• 2004

There are many assertions related to biotechnology and genetically modified organisms(GMOs). Some experts have asserted that GM foods could be dangerous and that there is no reliable evidence that have been demonstrated safe through appropriate tests, and the others asserted these foods are as safe and nutritions as their conventional counterparts. The objectives of this study was to study an societal implications of biotechnology and GMOs in agriculture. To keep the balance in mind the researcher examined not only usefulness but also harmfulness of GMOs, along with the developmental process of biotechnology industry. It was observed that basically, multinational corporations developed GMOs to maximize their profit, and strengthened their control on agriculture and food through GMOs, as observed in alliance among big multinational corporations' food chain cluster and systems. Under the situation, farmers were losing their status as independent producer and were becoming propertied labor for multinational corporation through contract farming. If these trends continuous in the future, multinational corporations will have the control of genetic resources, these may bring about reduction of bio-diversity, thus may lead the opposite direction to eco-friendly agriculture. If multinational corporations' tendency to suppress the latent harmfulness for the profit continuous further, this may lead the degradation phase of farming and agriculture, thus leading negative socio-economic effects as well as culture and religion.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.183-190
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• 2013

Establishment of a new concept of environmental friendly livestock manure management is required based on the facts. But now liquid fertilizer quality in korea shows a large difference among regions and the regulations are uncertain. Focusing on precedent study on main level-grading factors of liquid fertilizer quality certification, the study collected laws and standards related to liquid fertilizer of livestock manure at home and abroad and produced evaluation standards. Liquid fertilizer was divided into four factors (fertilizing value, harmfulness, stability and uniformity). According to each item, scores were awarded based on 16 details: fertilizing value (Nitrogen concentration, the whole concentration of Nitrogen, Phosphoric acid and Kalium), harmfulness (heavy metals, pathogenic microorganism and antibiotics), stability (maturity degree and odour), uniformity (EC, BOD, SS, moisture content and salt). The grade of liquid fertilizer, A (42~48), B (34~41), C (26~33) were rated using total scores.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.69-98
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• 2011

Asbestos has been used for roofing, walling and the like for the constructions since 60's~70's owing to its excellent fire resistance and heat insulative nature. However, it has banned to be used in major countries all over the world since WHO-affiliated International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) stipulated asbestos by a top carcinogen causing lung cancer, malignant mesothelioma and so on in 1986. Therefore, we had prohibited the use of asbestos on brakes for automobile since 2007 and on most of the products other than some cases of having no alternatives such as munitions from 2009. Nevertheless, diseases from asbestos have a long incubation period of 10~40 years, therefore, even if being exposed to asbestos, preliminary prevention is rather more important than instant possible damage as damages can be greater decades later. Accordingly, this thesis has a purpose to seek a plan in order to guarantee the rights of national health from harmfulness of asbestos by comparing and reviewing the policies on asbestos in advanced countries such as France, Japan, Netherlands and such like.