• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.241-248
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• 2006

Recently, as the importance of the information communication ethics education has increased, the research about new instructional method or contents have been progressed actively. On the other hand, due to the advance of e-learning technology, instead of teacher-centered instruction, the development of learning contents and learning method for satisfying students' requirements is proceeded actively. In this paper, in order to increase the learning effect for information communication ethics education for primary school students, we propose a new way to design an instruction which considers the characteristics and the requirements of students. We decompose instructional design features into 4 components such as goal, model, contents, and media, and then we pose questionnaire to the 5th grade students of a primary school. After that, we analyze data by using the conjoint analysis. Based on the result of the conjoint analysis, we give instructions to two classes in order to compare the learning achievement of the two classes. Finally, by evaluating the students and analyzing their satisfaction levels, we diagnose the effectiveness of the proposed method.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02a
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• pp.897-902
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• 2007

인간과 컴퓨터간의 전통적인 인터페이스는 인간이 요구하는 다양한 인터페이스를 제공하지 못한다는 점에서 점차 사용하기 불편하게 되었고 이는 새로운 형태의 인터페이스에 대한 요구로 이어지게 되었다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 추세에 맞추어 카메라를 통해 인간의 손 제스처를 인식하는 새로운 인터페이스를 연구하였다. 손은 자유도가 높고 3차원의 view direction에 의해 형상이 매우 심하게 변한다. 따라서 윤곽선 기반방법과 같은 2차원으로 투영된 영상에서 contour나 edge의 정보로 손 제스처를 인식하는 데는 한계가 있다. 그러나 모델기반 방법은 3차원 정보를 이용하기 때문에 손 제스처를 인식하는데 좋으나 계산량이 많아 실시간으로 처리하기가 쉽지 않다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 손 형상에 대한 대규모 데이터베이스를 구성하고 정규화된 공간에서 Feature 간의 연관성을 파악하여 훈련 데이터 모델을 구성하여 비교함으로써 실시간으로 손 포즈를 구별할 수 있다. 이러한 통계적 학습 기반의 알고리즘은 다양한 데이터와 좋은 feature의 검출이 최적의 성능을 구현하는 것과 연관된다. 따라서 배경으로부터 노이즈를 최대한 줄이기 위해 피부의 색상 정보를 이용하여 손 후보 영역을 검출하고 검출된 후보 영역으로부터 HLF(Haar-like Feature)를 이용하여 손 영역을 검출한다. 검출된 손 영역으로부터 패턴 분류 과정을 거쳐 손 포즈를 인식 하게 된다. 패턴 분류 과정은 HLF를 이용하여 손 포즈를 인식하게 되는데 미리 학습된 각 포즈에 대한 HLF를 이용하여 손 포즈를 인식하게 된다. HLF는 Violar가 얼굴 검출에 적용한 것으로 얼굴 검출에 좋은 결과를 보여 주었으며, 이는 적분 이미지로부터 추출한 HLF를 이용한 Adaboost 학습 알고리즘을 사용하였다. 본 논문에서는 피부색의 색상 정보를 이용 배경과 손 영상을 최대한 분리하여 배경의 대부분이 Adaboost-Haar Classifier의 첫 번째 스테이지에서 제거되는 방법을 이용하여 그 성능을 더 향상 시켜 손 형상 인식에 적용하였다.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2016

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have always mattered in agriculture too. In day-to-day practices of agriculture and allied sectors, the farmers often share their information. Changing weather patterns, soil conditions, pests and diseases always throw challenges to small and marginal farmers. So, the farmer needs up-dated information to cope with and even benefit from these changes. In the developing countries like India, where agriculture still plays a crucial role (over 58% of the rural households depend on agriculture as their livelihood) and the rising population from 1027 million to 1419 million during 2001-16 (a total rise of 38 percent or 1.3 percent per year) pose a lot of pressure on land and other resources to meet the food security needs on one hand and to meet the challenges of globalization on the other. Understanding and addressing these challenges are very crucial, in which ICT can play a major role. With the booming mobile, wireless, and Internet industries, ICT has found a foothold even in poor marginal and smallholder farms and in their activities. The survey conducted among the 120 farmers in Srikakulam district in India revealed that, ICT has revolutionized the agriculture in the modern days. Production and marketing information is accessed by 91% of the sample farmers through mobile in 2015, where it was only 5% in 2005. The extent of use of mobile phones by the farmers varied with the decision to be taken by them like Harvesting, packing, and storing (94%), Selling Decision (91%), Seed purchase (89%), Application of fertilizers and pesticides (88%) and Land preparation and planting (84%), other package of practices (77%). The farmers further opined that, 'Voice' was the dominating source of communication (96%) compared to Short Message Service (SMS) (only 27%) and Internet access (10%), as majority are illiterate. The use of camera (71%), Bluetooth (33%), Radio (61%) TV (41%) are the other means of sharing the information. In this context of importance of ICTs in Indian agriculture, greater attention justifies about the applications of ICT's to alleviate poverty and promote economic growth of the farming population.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.33-48
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• 2005

The Rule of False Position is known as an arithmetical solution of algebraical equations. On the other hand, the Excess-Deficit Rule is an algorithm for calculating about excessive or deficient quantitative relations, which is found in the ancient eastern mathematical books, including the nine chapters on the mathematical arts. It is usually said that the origin of the Rule of False Position is the Excess-Deficit Rule in ancient Chinese mathematics. In relation to these facts, we pose two questions: - As many authors explain, the excess-deficit rule is a solution of simultaneous linear equations？ - Which relation is there between the two rules explicitly？ To answer these Questions, we consider the Rule of Single/Double False Position and research the Excess-Deficit Rule in some ancient mathematical books of Chosun Dynasty that was heavily affected by Chinese mathematics. And we pursue their historical traces in Egypt, Arab and Europe. As a result, we can make sure of the status of the Excess-Deficit Rule differing from the Rectangular Arrays(the solution of simultaneous linear equations) and identify the relation of the two rules: the application of the Excess-Deficit Rule including supposition in ancient Chinese mathematics corresponds to the Rule of Double False Position in western mathematics. In addition, we try to appreciate didactical value of the Rule of False Position which is apt to be considered as a historical by-product.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.988-1010
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• 2024

Obesity, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), is excessive fat accumulation that can pose health risks and is a disorder of the energy homeostasis system. In typical westernized diets, ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) vastly exceed the amount of ω-3 PUFAs, with ω-6/ω-3 ratios ranging from 10:1 to 25:1. ω-6 PUFAs, such as arachidonic acid, have pro-inflammatory effects and increase obesity. On the other hand, ω-3 PUFAs, including eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, have anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity effects. Linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) are synthesized in almost all higher plants, algae, and some fungi. However, in humans and animals, they are essential fatty acids and must be consumed through diet or supplementation. Therefore, balancing LA/ALA ratios is essential for obesity prevention and human health. Monogastric animals such as pigs and chickens can produce meat and eggs fortified with ω-3 PUFAs by controlling dietary fatty acid (FA). Additionally, ruminant animals such as feeder cattle and lactating dairy cows can opt for feed supplementation with ω-3 PUFAs sources and rumen-protected microencapsulated FAs or pasture finishing. This method can produce ω-3 PUFAs and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) fortified meat, milk, and cheese. A high ω-6/ω-3 ratio is associated with proinflammation and obesity, whereas a balanced ratio reduces inflammation and obesity. Additionally, probiotics containing lactic acid bacteria are necessary, which reduces inflammation and obesity by converting ω-6 PUFAs into functional metabolites such as 10-hydroxy-cis-12-octadecenoic acid and CLA.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.17B no.5
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• pp.345-354
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• 2010

Visual tracking techniques for Augmented Reality are classified as either a marker tracking approach or a natural feature tracking approach. Marker-based tracking algorithms can be efficiently implemented sufficient to work in real-time on mobile devices. On the other hand, natural feature tracking methods require a lot of computationally expensive procedures. Most previous natural feature tracking methods include heavy feature extraction and pattern matching procedures for each of the input image frame. It is difficult to implement real-time augmented reality applications including the capability of natural feature tracking on low performance devices. The required computational time cost is also in proportion to the number of patterns to be matched. To speed up the natural feature tracking process, we propose a novel fast tracking method based on optical flow. We implemented the proposed method on mobile devices to run in real-time and be appropriately used with mobile augmented reality applications. Moreover, during tracking, we keep up the total number of feature points by inserting new feature points proportional to the number of vanished feature points. Experimental results showed that the proposed method reduces the computational cost and also stabilizes the camera pose estimation results.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.257-280
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• 2014

This is a study of Jinminso. The purpose of the study is to search and analyze the documents about Jinminso. The data is composed with the first hand historical documents both government documents and civil newspapers which are searched by internet. Based on the documents found, it is safe to say that Jinminso has existed and functioned as an indoor almshouse for the poor. It was established in June 25, 1898 by civil people with donated money in order to reduce the burden of Emperor and to share the love and care for their people with a brotherhood mind. The Jinminso resident were the poor, the sick, the orphans, widows, elderly living alone, and the disabled. They received food, clothes, and shelter. However, Emperor Gojong ordered to shut down Jinminso, and it was closed in Sept. 25, in 1898. The main reason was inappropriate collection of money for the agency operation from the merchants. When Jinminso was closed, all the inmates became homeless. The founders asked to reopen it, and it was accepted but this time was opened as a government agency in 1899. Jinminso imposes great meanings. One, Jinminso was not just an office but a direct service agency housing hundreds of poor people; two, poverty was understood as social problem not just a local district problem; three, rules and regulations were prepared to set up a system of modern age social welfare. The findings provide a clue how the government and society perceived poverty and the poor during the time of late 1800s to early 1900s. The existence of Jinminso will pose many new question.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.124-130
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• 2013

Of all the brominated flame retardants (BFRs), TBBPA has the largest production volume (50% of the BFRs in current use). It is interest to investigate how they may degrade, because of it can pose an environmental hazard. By using UV-A (${\lambda}=352nm$ ), we have found that the UV-A irradiation increased the photodecomposition reaction rate of TBBPA in an intensity-dependent manner. We also observed 2,6-dibromo-p-benzosemiquinone radical ($a_{2H}=2.36G$, g = 2.0056) generated from TBBPA by reaction with singlet oxygen ($^1O_2$). On the other hand, when an aqueous preparation of HA was irradiated in the presence of TBBPA, the typical spectrum of semiquinone radical was detected by electron spin resonance (ESR). And then, we have found that the photodecomposition rate of TBBPA is decreased in depend on HA concentration. Radical formation and the reactive rate of TBBPA were inhibited by sodium azide used as a singlet oxygen quencher. Therefore we report that a similar $^1O_2$-induced oxidation can be initiate in aqueous solutions of TBBPA dissolved in humic acid (HA) by the UV-A irradiation (${\lambda}=352nm$). From these results, we suggest that the reaction rate of HA with $^1O_2$ is faster than that of TBBPA with $^1O_2$.

• Economic Analysis
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.132-176
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• 2019

We use a time-varying parameter vector auto regression (TVP-VAR) model to understand the impact of U.S. monetary policy normalization on Korean financial markets and capital accounts. The U.S. monetary policy is represented by the federal funds rate, term premium and credit spread. During the U.S. monetary contraction period of 2004 to 2006, changes in the federal funds rate presented negative pressure on Korean financial markets. The changes in federal funds rate also led to a simultaneous contraction in inward and outward capital flows. However, the effects of a federal funds rate shock has been reduced since 2015. On the other hand, the effects of U.S. term premiums is getting stronger after the period of quantitative easing (QE). The influence of the U.S. credit spread also significantly increased after the global financial crisis. Simulation results show that a rise in the U.S. credit spread, which can be triggered by a contractionary monetary policy, can pose a larger adverse impact on the Korean economy than a rise in the federal funds rate itself. As for capital flows, a U.S. monetary policy contraction causes an outflow of foreign investment, but the repatriation of overseas investment by Korean residents can offset this outflow.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.541-553
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between epistemic goals, epistemic considerations and complexity of reasoning of science high school students in an open inquiry and to explore the context on how open inquiry compares with the characteristics of an authentic scientific inquiry. Two teams were selected as focus groups and a case study was conducted. The findings are as follows: First, the contexts, such as 'sharing the value for the phenomenon understanding, reflection on the value of the research, task characteristics that require collaboration and consensus, and sufficient communication opportunities,' promote epistemic goals and considerations. On the other hand, contexts such as 'lack of opportunity for critical review of related literature and environmental constraints' lowered epistemic sides. Second, epistemic goals and considerations influenced the reasoning complexity. The goal of 'scientific sense making' led to reasoning that pose testable hypotheses based on students' own questions. The high justification considerations led to purposely focusing attention to the control designs and developing creative experimental know-how. The high audience considerations led to defending their findings through argumentation and suggesting future research. On the other hand, the goal of 'doing the lesson' and the low justification considerations led to reasoning that did not interpret the meaning of the data and did not control the limit of experiment. The low audience considerations led to reasoning that did not actively defend their findings and not suggest future research. The results of this study suggest that guidance should provide communication and critical review opportunities.