• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.71-76
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• 1989

외음부의 Bartholin씨선에서 발생하는 악성종양은 지금까지 세계적으로 약 200예가 보고되고 있지만 아주 희귀한 종양이다. 일반적으로 처음 내원 당시에는 낭종이나 포는 염증성 농양으로 오진하기 쉬우며 조직병리학적으로 확진이 이루어져서 근치적 치료가 시도되기까지는 상당한 기간이 소모되는 경우가 많다. 아직까지는 이 악성종양에 대한 원인과 적절한 치료방침에 대하여 결정된 바 없이 논란이 많으나 다른 외음부악성종양과는 엄격히 다르게 구별지어야 할 것으로 생각된다. 이 악성종양에 대한 치료방법으로써 방사선치료는 랴듐삽입 또는 전자선을 이용한 치료 등이 다양하게 적용되어 왔지만 그 효과는 기대에 훨씬 못 미치고 치료성적과 생존율도 불량한 것으로 보고되고 있다. 최근에는 외과적으로 근치적 외음부절제술과 양측 서혜부 및 대퇴부 임파절절제술이 많이 시도되고 있으며 치료성적과 생존율도 괄목할 만큼 향상되었으나 수술 후 잔존하는 병변으로 인하여 재발이 문제시되고 있다. 본 저자들은 본원에서 경험한 1예와 다른 저자들의 문헌고찰을 통하여 분석하여 본 결과 앞으로 이 악성종양에 대하여 보다 세심한 임상적 관찰과 생물학적 특성에 대한 분석이 시급히 요청되며, 아울러 적절한 치료방침의 결정과 함께 예후인자에 대한분석을 통하여 생존율을 향상시키기 위한 다각적인 노력이 요망된다고 하겠다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.131-143
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• 2007

Statement of the problem: In case of poor bone quality or immediately loaded implant, various strategies have been developed focusing on the surface of materials to improve direct implant fixation to the bone. The microscopic properties of implant surfaces play a major role in the osseous healing of dental implant. Purpose of study: This study was undertaken to evaluate bone response of ion beam-assisted deposition(IBAD) of hydroxyapatite(HA) on the anodized surface of subperiosteal titanium implants. Material and methods: Two half doughnut shape subperiosteal titanium implants were made. The control group was treated with Anodized surface treatment and the test group was treated with IBAD of HA on control surface. Then two implants inserted together into the subperiosteum of the skull of 30 rats and histological response around implant was observed under LM(light microscope) and TEM(transmission electron microscope) on 4th, 6th and 8th week. Results: Many subperiosteal implants were fixed with fibrous connective tissue not with bony tissue because of weak primary stability. The control group observed poor bone response and there was no significant change at any observation time. However the test group showed advanced bone formation and showed direct bone to implant contact under LM on 8th week. The test group observed much rER in the cell of osteoblast but the control group showed little rER under TEM. Conclusions: The test group showed better bone formation than the control group at the condition of weak primary stability. With these results IBAD surface treatment method on Anodized surface, may be good effect at the condition of weak primary stability.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.1656-1665
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• 2020

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effects of stress during slaughter of beef cattle on physiological parameters, carcass, and meat quality at a Federal Inspection Type slaughterhouse located in the southeast of Mexico. Methods: A total of 448 carcasses of male Zebu×European steers with an average age of 36 months were included. Carcass assessment of presence of bruises and bruise characteristics was carried out on each half-carcass. Blood variable indicators of stress (packed cell volume, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, glucose, cortisol concentration) and meat quality parameters (pH, color, shear force, drip loss) were evaluated. Results: Of the 448 carcasses evaluated, 81% of the carcasses showed at least one bruise; one bruise was detected in 36.6% and two bruises in 27.0% of animals. Of the 775 bruises found, 69.2% of the bruises were grade 1 in region 3. Of the 448 carcasses studied, 69.6% showed hyperglycemia (6.91 mmol/L); 44.3% and 22.7% showed high (74.7 ng/mL) and extremely high (108.8 ng/mL) cortisol levels, respectively, indicative of inadequate handling of animals during preslaughter and slaughter. Of the carcasses evaluated, 90.4% had a pH ≥5.8 with an average of pH 6.3. In both pH groups, meat samples showed L^⋆ values >37.0 (81.6%) and a shear force >54.3 N; meat pH≥5.8 group showed a drip loss of 2.5%. These findings were indicative of dark, firm, and dry (DFD) meat. According to principal component analysis, grades 1 and 2 bruises in region 3 and grade 1 bruises in region 5 were highly associated with cortisol, drip loss, and color parameters b^⋆ and h^⋆ and were negatively associated with L^⋆, a^⋆, and C^⋆. Conclusion: The bruises probably caused by stress-inducing situations triggered DFD meat. Appropriate changes in handling routines in operating conditions should be made to minimize stress to animals during the slaughter process to improve animal welfare and meat quality.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2014

본 논문은 무선 전력 전송에 관한 이론을 토대로 송신부와 수신부의 두 개의 평면 코일 사이의 자기 유도 원리의 다양한 조건 변화에 따른 무 접촉 무선 전력 전송에 관한 연구이다. 실험은 무 접촉 방식으로 전력을 전송 할 수 있는 송신부인 1차 측 코일과 수신부인 2차 측 코일 및 하프브리지 직렬 공진 컨버터를 적용한 무선 전원 장치의 송신부 회로와 수신부회로의 출력 전압 및 전원을 계산할 수 있는 환경을 마련해 주었다. 송신부의 유도 결합 공진 컨버터의 주 전원은 태양광 전지 모듈과 대체 광원으로서 인공 광원(할로겐 램프)을 이용하여 전기 에너지로 변환 시켜 사용하였으며 태양광 발전으로부터 공급받은 24 V 전원을 무선 전력 전송 장치를 위한 입력 전원으로 사용하였다. 실험 결과, 전달 받은 전력은 수신부 회로에서 조명을 밝히거나 배터리를 충전하는데 사용된다. 그리고 송신부의 출력 측에서 측정을 통해 수신부의 입력 전력과 비교하여 무선 전력 전송 효율은 약 70~89%로 나타났다. 또한 이 논문을 위해서, 무선 전력 전송 시 이물질이 간섭하였을 때, ID 검증 방식과 전압의 위상차 비교 방법을 통해 효율성 실험을 하였다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2014

Objective : Infectious spinal disease is regarded as an infection by a specific organism that affects the vertebral body, intervertebral disc and adjacent perivertebral soft tissue. Its incidence seems to be increasing as a result of larger proportion of the older patients with chronic debilitating disease, the rise of intravenous drug abuser, and the increase in spinal procedure and surgery. In Korea, studies assessing infectious spinal disease are rare and have not been addressed in recent times. The objectives of this study are to describe the epidemiology of all kind of spinal infectious disease and their clinical and microbiological characteristics as well as to assess the diagnostic methodology and the parameters related to the outcomes. Methods : A retrospective study was performed in all infectious spinal disease cases presenting from January 2005 to April 2010 to three tertiary teaching hospitals within a city of 1.5 million in Korea. Patient demographics, risk factors, clinical features, and outcomes were assessed. Risk factors entailed the presence of diabetes, chronic renal failure, liver cirrhosis, immunosuppressants, remote infection, underlying malignancy and previous spinal surgery or procedure. We comparatively analyzed the results between the groups of pyogenic and tuberculous spinal infection. SPSS version 14 statistical software was used to perform the analyses of the data. The threshold for statistical significance was established at p<0.05. Results : Ninety-two cases fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Overall, patients of tuberculous spinal infection (TSI) and pyogenic spinal infection (PSI) entailed 20 (21.7%) and 72 (78.3%) cases, respectively. A previous spinal surgery or procedure was the most commonly noted risk factor (39.1%), followed by diabetes (15.2%). The occurrence of both pyogenic and tuberculous spondylitis was predominant in the lumbar spine. Discs are more easily invaded in PSI. At initial presentation, white cell blood count and C-reactive protein levels were higher in PSI compared to TSI (p<0.05). Etiological agents were identified in 53.3%, and the most effective method for identification of etiological agents was tissue culture (50.0%). Staphyococcus aureus was the most commonly isolated infective agent associated with pyogenic spondylitis, followed by E. coli. Surgical treatment was performed in 31.5% of pyogenic spondylitis and in 35.0% of tuberculous spondylitis cases. Conclusion : Many previous studies in Korea usually reported that tuberculous spondylitis is the predominant infection. However, in our study, the number of pyogenic infection was 3 times greater than that of tuberculous spinal disease. Etiological agents were identified in a half of all infectious spinal disease. For better outcomes, we should try to identify the causative microorganism before antibiotic therapy and make every effort to improve the result of culture and biopsy.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.165-173
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• 2005

A potent demethylating agent, 5-Azacytidine (5-AzaC) has been widely used as in many studies on DNA methylation, regulation of gene expression, and cancer biology. The mechanisms of the demethylating activity were known to be formation of complex between DNA and DNA methyltransferase (MTase), which depletes cellular MTase activity. However, 5-AzaC can also induce hypermethylation of a transgene in a transgenic cell line, G12 cells and it was explained as a result of defense mechanisms to inactivate foreign gene(s) somehow. This finding evoked the question that whether the phenomenon of hypermethylation induced by 5-AzaC is limited to the transgene or it can be occurred in endogenous gene(s). In order to answer the question, mutagenicity test of 5-AzaC and molecular characterization of mutants obtained from the test were performed using an endogenous gene, thymidine kinase (tk) in Chinese hamster V79 cells. When V79 and V79-J3 subclone cells were treated with 1, 2.5 ,5, $10{\mu}M$ of 5-AzaC for 48 hours, their maximum mutant frequencies were revealed as $6\times10^{-3}\;at\;5{\mu}M$(350-fold induction over background) and $8\times10^{-3}\;at\;2.5{\mu}M$ (l,800-fold induction over background) respectively. Since the induction rates were too high to be induced by true mutations, many trifluorothymidine (TFT)-resistant $(TFT^R)$ cells were subjected to Northern blot analysis to check the presence of tk transcripts. Surprisingly, all clones tested possessed the transcripts in a similar level, that implicates the $TFT^R$ phenotype induced by 5-AzaC has not given rise to hypermethylation of the gene in spite of unusually high mutation frequency. In addition, it has shown that the TK activity in the pool of 5-AzaC-induced $TFT^R$ cells has about a half of that in spontaneously-induced $TFT^R$ cells or in non-selected parental V79-J3 cells. This result suggests that the mechanism(s) underlying the TFT-resistance between spontaneously occurred and 5-AzaC-induced cells may be different. These findings have shown that the $TFT^R$ phenotype induced by 5-AzaC has not given rise to hypermethylation of the tk gene, and 5-AzaC may be induced by one or combined pathways among many drug resistance mechanisms. The exact mechanisms for the 5-AzaC-induced $TFT^R$ phenotype remain to elucidate.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.152-163
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• 2010

이 연구에서는 mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)를 in vitro로 인간치수세포에 적용하였을 때 유전자들의 변화를 조사하였다. 실험군은 MTA를 teflon tube (직경 10 mm 길이 2 mm)에 담아 4시간 경화시킨 후HDPCs에 적용하였고, 대조군은 빈tube만을 적용하였다. 6, 24, 72시간 후 total RNA를 추출하여 microarray를 이용하여 분석하여, 2배 이상 또는 절반 이하의 변화를 보이는 유전자 중 선택적으로 역전사 중합효소 연쇄반응(reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction)을 사용하여 발현을 확인하였다. 24,546개의 유전자 중에서 109개의 유전자가 2배 이상 up-regulation되었으며(예. FOSB, THBS1, BHLHB2, EDN1,IL11, FN1, COL10A1, TUFT1) 69개의 유전자가 50%이하로 down-regulation되었다(예. SMAD6, DCN). MTA는 bio-inert한 재료라기 보다는 치수세포에 다양한 경로로 영향을 주는 재료로 사료된다. 특히 치수세포의 분화와 증식에 관여하는 유전자의 변화에 영향을 주며 석회화 과정에 관여하는 유전자의 변화에 직접적인 영향을 주리라 사료된다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.155-162
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• 2012

해수에 노출된 콘크리트 구조물은 시간의 경과에 따라 철근부식이 야기될 수 있으며, 이는 구조적인 성능저하로 진전된다. 1단계 연구에서 도출된 해수전착시스템의 개발을 통하여 2단계 연구에서는 해수전착 코팅된 철근 및 코팅철근을 사용한 RC 콘크리트 부재의 구조적, 내구적 성능이 평가되었다. 내구적 성능평가에서는 반전위 측정이 수행되었는데, 코팅된 철근은 일반철근의 35%수준의 부식속도를 가지고 있었으므로 높은 내부식성을 확보하고 있었다. 구조실험에서는 직접인장시험, 부착력시험, RC 부재를 이용한 휨 및 전단시험이 수행되었다. 인장강도 시험에서는 3.2%, 부착성능에서는 8.8%의 강도 증가가 코팅된 철근에서 평가되었다. RC보에 대한 실험에서는 최대하중 및 파괴형태는 두가지 경우에서 거의 동일하게 평가되었다. 해수전착된 시편은 철근주위에 콘크리트와 비슷한 화합물(수산화마그네슘, 탄산칼슘)이 형성되므로 부착력 및 강도를 일부 증가시키는 것으로 평가되었다. 해수전착철근은 피로, 내충격성, 장기침지실험 등을 통하여 성능이 입증되면 더욱 활발하게 사용될 것으로 사료된다.

• 조형예술학연구
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• 제9권
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• pp.49-87
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• 2006

Narrative has broad domains. So it is related to the everything man faces in his daily life and also performed in various modes. Narrative is revealed through all media including a character, which is also applied to plastic art. And narrative objects formed beyond the differences in media aid forms of expression are commonly based on a language. The study on such objects which created a new conceit of narratology can be said to be a spiritual trend by which to understand the world and man from the viewpoint of a 'story'. Plastic art took high interest in narrative in the same period as the rise of postmodernist art in the latter half of the 20th century, which was also applied to sculpture. The researcher, therefore, investigated through the history of sculpture in the 20th century the process in which narrative was denied under the value system of modernism and reappeared with the quickening of postmodernism. And as a result this period could be briefly characterized by 'return to figure' and 'reappearance of narrative'. The is, such flow means that late sculpture converted its center of interest from simple geometric abstract forms to irregular, figurative images. The researcher chose as the subject of his study the work of Louise Bourgeois, who was judged to have performed narrative positively and successfully among a great number of performed narrative positively and successfully among a great number of postmodernist sculptors who adopted it as their own strategy of expression. As the central artist of postmodrnist sculpture, She expressed human desire and condition as sexuality through the introspection of her own personal experience in contrast to the character of pop art sensitive to external world. The researcher borrowed narrative semiotics as a method of analyzing more elaborately the problem about the generation of narrative shown in her works. For it, he selected as the sample work for analysis Bourgeois's , which were judged to contain narrative most abundantly and as the metaphor of a gaze and recollection presented a new woman self that sublimed love, hatred, and loneliness. The narrative in her works are characterized by introspection questioning one's own trauma. It has independent domain and characteristics and clearly reveals narrative and content-centered characteristics, which are commonly discovered in postmodernist sculpture. The researcher could more concretely and definitely understand the characteristics of narrative through figurative images by analyzing the sample work. The researcher wanted to call your attention to the fact that the sculpture in the late 20th century contained narrative commonly and uniformly despite being characterized by various expressions and modes. And the focused on highlighting the fact that the narrative was more effectively revealed through figurative images of human body and simultaneously analyzing the formalizing process and structure for narrative. Besides he wanted to argue that the position of narrative defining the characteristics of sculpture should be valued more justly. Also, such acceptance of narrative, which is discovered in the sculpture, will have to be understood as the characteristics of the period reflecting the cultural aspect of the present time.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.249-254
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• 1986

Escherichia coli와 Salmonella typhimurium의 생육을 억제하기 위하여 TGY, TSB (pH 6)의 액체배지에 potassium sorbate와 sodium benzoate를 각각 최고 허용농도의 1/2량인 0.1%, 0.03%로 처리하고 식염을 내염성 기준 농도인 2%로 첨가하여 보존료의 단독 및 병용효과와 식염과의 상승효과를 진탕 및 정치배양 조건에서 조사하였다. E. coli는 진탕배양보다 정치배양하였을 때 보존료의 단독 혹은 병용효과가 더 컸으며 S. typhimurium은 보존료를 단독처리하였을 때에는 억재효과를 보이지 않았으나 병용처리의 경우에 진탕배양에서는 정균효과를 현저하게 나타내었고 정치배양에서는 유도기를 연장시켰다. 식염의 첨가는 E. coli의 경우, 진탕배양에서는 거의 효과를 나타내지 않았으나 정치배양시에는 potassium sorbate 단독처리구 및 potassium sorbate + sodium benzoate병용처리구에서 항균작용을 현저히 증가시켰다. 식염의 상승효과는 S. typhimurium의 경우에 더욱 현저하였는데 진탕 및 정치배양시에 두 보존료와 식염의 혼합구에서 배양 중의 세균수는 오히려 초기농도보다 점점 감소되는 결과를 나타내었다.