• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.307-314
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• 2016

최근 하천복원 사업은 과거 인공적인 부분을 개선하는 범위를 벗어나 격리차단된 구하도까지 복원하는 수준에 이르렀다. 구하도 복원은 하천 제방과 같은 종적 구조물에 의해 차단된 공간의 수리적 연결성 회복이 중요하다. 그러나 하천복원이 적절히 수행되었는지 관한 평가방법이 부족한 상황이기에 본 연구에서는 대상하천에서의 생태적 연결성 평가를 위한 수단을 제공하고자 한다. 이 연구에서 강우에 의한 유역유출 및 하도흐름 해석이 동시에 가능한 1차원 수치모형을 개발하여 청미천 유역에 적용한 바 있다. 특히 이 연구에서 1차원의 홍수추적 결과를 2차원의 공간분포로 변환시키고 시간에 따른 2차원의 수리특성으로부터 서식처적합도까지 산출하여 연결성 회복정도를 평가하는 수치모형을 개발하였으며, 이를 청미천 구하도 복원지역에 적용하였다. 복잡할 뿐만아니라 시간도 많이 소요되는 2차원의 분석을 수행하지 않고서도 1차원 수리특성 결과를 확장해서 2차원 수리특성을 쉽게 구할 수 있도록 한 것이 본 연구의 특징이다. 본 연구의 결과를 이용하면 구간별 대상종별 서식처적합도를 용이하게 산정할 수 있다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.307-318
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• 2010

본 연구는 창원천과 남천에서 각각 5지점, 6지점의 생태복원 전(2006, 2007)과 후(2009)의 물리적 서식지, 화학적, 생물학적 상태에 기초한 생태학적 상태를 분석하였고 복원 전 후의 생태 건강도를 비교평가 하였다. 하천의 이화학적 수질과 생물통합지수(Index of Biological Integrity, IBI)와 서식지 평가(Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index, QHEI)의 다변수 평가 모델에 기초하여 생태건강도를 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 IBI와 QHEI의 모델은 각각 8개, 11개의 수정 보완된 메트릭을 적용하였다. 평가를 위해서 조사는 복원 전 2006년에서 2007년, 복원 후 2009년 실시하였다. 화학적 상태는, 두 하천 모두 상류에서 하류로 갈수록 전기전도도(Condutivity)의 값이 전형적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 복원 전후에 따른 수질변화 특성은 차이를 보이지 않았다. 창원천과 남천의 생태건강도 지수는 각각 평균 21.6, 19.7로 환경부 기준 C등급을 보였고, 복원 전 후 사이에 생태건강도 지수는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 복원 이후 남천과 창원천의 물리적 서식지 평가 결과 평균점수가 각각 29.2, 63.2로 특히 남천에서 복원 후 35.3점이 두드러지게 감소하였다. 서식지 교란은 2009년에 있었던 홍수에 의한 인공제방의 파괴(천변 식생대의 폭이 줄고 대기에 의해 하천 피복도가 높아졌다.)가 주요한 원인이었다. 종합적으로, 결과를 볼 때 복원 전 후 두 하천에서 효과적이지 않았으며, 비록 많은 예산을 사용하였지만, 환경으로 고려하지 않은 채 맹목적으로 이루어지는 생태복원은 하천 복원에 효과적이지 않을 수 있다고 사료된다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.229-236
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• 2009

A habitat model was developed to delineate potential habitat of the leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) in a mountainous region of Kangwon Province, Korea. Between 1997 and 2005, 224 leopard cat presence sites were recorded in the province in the Nationwide Survey on Natural Environments. Fifty percent of the sites were used to develop a habitat model, and the remaining sites were used to test the model. Fourteen environmental variables related to topographic features, water resources, vegetation and human disturbance were quantified for 112 of the leopard cat presence sites and an equal number of randomly selected sites. Statistical analyses (e.g., t-tests, and Pearson correlation analysis) showed that elevation, ridges, plains, % water cover, distance to water source, vegetated area, deciduous forest, coniferous forest, and distance to paved road differed significantly (P < 0.01) between presence and random sites. Stepwise logistic regression was used to develop a habitat model. Landform type (e.g., ridges vs. plains) is the major topographic factor affecting leopard cat presence. The species also appears to prefer deciduous forests and areas far from paved roads. The habitat map derived from the model correctly classified 93.75% of data from an independent sample of leopard cat presence sites, and the map at a regional scale showed that the cat's habitats are highly fragmented. Protection and restoration of connectivity of critical habitats should be implemented to preserve the leopard cat in mountainous regions of Korea.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.109-123
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• 2014

Kaloula borealis is the species of Amphibia which belongs to Kaloula genus and it is the only species inhabiting in Korea. The population size and habitat of Kaloula borealis have been significantly decreased on a national scale due to the diversified developments and the uses of agricultural pesticides. Accordingly, the Ministry of Environment has designated and managed them as the class II of endangered species, in accordance with "Endangered Species Protection and Management Act"; however, a particular study focused on the ecological restoration of Kaloula borealis is desperately needed to prevent their extinction. This study was conducted to propose the HSI (Habit Suitability Index) of Kaloula borealis based on literature survey on ecology and habitats of Kaloula borealis, as well as their HSI. Factors to be investigated in HSI include: space, feed, cover, water(breeding) and threatening factors and the variables of each factor were also proposed. The distance from wetland, grassland, farm, stream and rice paddy, as well as the altitude of spawning pond were proposed as the variables of space, whereas the bed structure of forest and low-rise grassland were proposed as the variables of feeding. The variables of water (breeding) include the area of permanent and temporary wetlands, coverage of emerged pants (ratio of open water), water depth, water temperature, water quality, pH level, etc., whereas the presence of predator, distance from street and pollutants were proposed as the variables of threatening factor. The sub-standards by HSI factor of Kaloula borealis have been drawn from in-depth consultation with experts and based on this, the final HSI of Kaloula borealis was developed.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.28-44
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• 1998

This study was conducted to suggest the ecological restoration strategies for the disturbed landscapes by theoretical study. Especially, it is aimed to suggest three objectives for restoration by using native plants ; (1) prevention or reduction of wind and water erosion, (2) provision of food and cover for variety of animal species, (3) improvement of the visual or aesthetic quality of disturbed sites. The main results were summarized as follows. 1. Cooperation between restoration ecologists and restoration practitioners is needed to delineate a scientific approach to restoration ; (1) Being aware of published literature that describes similar work and/or establish general principles. (2) Preparedness to carry out proper experiments to test ideas. (3) Preparedness to monitor fundamental parameters in a restoration scheme. (4) Providing information about the behavior of species. (5) Publish results. 2. There are three models of succession in theories of plant succession. The tolerance and facilitation models were recommended to ecological restoration. The inhibition model applies in most secondary succession, but the actual species which are introduced first may inhibit the germination and growth of slower-growing species, or they may prevent the growth of other species whose propagules arrive later. 3. The objectives of erosion control, wildlife habitat provision, and visual quality improvement are not mutually exclusive. However, many revegetation practices in the past have emphasized one of these aspects at the expense of the others. 4. A native plant community can be the model of ecological restoration. By stylization/abstraction of native plant community, trying to learn the most essential characteristics of community types - environmental factors ; dominant, prevalent, and "visual essence" species composition - in order to use such information in restoration. 5. After developing mass/spaces plan, match plant communities to the mass/space plan. In utilizing community grouping, there needs aesthetic ability to understand design elements. 6. Several hydrophytes such as Pennisetum saccharifluous, Themeda triandra, Cirsium pendulum show relatively good germination rates. In case of mesophytes and xerophytes, Arundinella hina, Artemisia princeps, Oenothera odorata and legumes seem to have quick-germinating abilities at barren sites. Pinus thunbergii, Rhus chinensis, Evodia daniellii, Alnus firma and Albizzia julibrissin can be considered as "late succession" woody plants because they show low germinating rates and slow growing habitat. 7. The seeds used for restoration should be collected within a certain radius of where it will be planted. Consideration in genetic issues in the collection and use of germplasm can increase the odds for successful restoration efforts. 8. The useful model in the "drift" pattern occurs so abundantly in naturally evolving landscapes. As one species diminishes in density, a second or third species are increased. Thus, dynamic interactions between species are created. Careful using of "drift phenomenon" in planting was recommended. 9. Virtually no stand of vegetation today is immune from the introduction and/or spreading of exotic species. Therefore, the perpetuation of a restored sites requires conscious monitoring and management. Thus, management would be the most important process in ecological restoration. 10. In order to keep the sites "natural", alternative management strategies would be applied in management ; Atenative management strategies are decelerating successional process, accelerating successional processes or modifying species composition. As management tools, mechanical, chemical, biological or environmental factor manipulation, e.g., fire could be used.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.182-190
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• 2020

멸종위기어류 가는돌고기 Pseudopungtungia tenuicorpa 복원사업의 일환으로, 2011~2012년 한강의 조종천에 가는돌고기가 방류되었다. 이후 2014부터 2016년까지 방류지에서 가는돌고기가 채집되지 않아 복원사업은 실패한 것으로 평가되었다. 본 연구는 가는돌고기 복원사업이 정말 실패하였는가를 검증하기 위해 2017년부터 2019년까지 정밀조사를 실시하였다. 조사지점은 방류지점을 포함하여 6개 지점을 선정하였으며, 족대와 투망, 일각망, 스쿠버다이빙 등을 이용하여 어류를 채집하였다. 조사결과 방류지점을 포함한 약 0.5 km 구간에서 13개체가 채집되었다. 가는돌고기 서식지역은 수심 0.5~2 m의 큰돌과 암반으로 이루어진 느린 여울부였다. 채집된 가는 돌고기의 연령은 당년생(0+)부터 3년생 이상으로 구성되어 있었으며, 지속적으로 세대교번이 일어나고 있었다. 따라서 조종천에 재도입된 가는돌고기는 비록 많은 개체가 서식하지 않았으나 서식지에 정착하여 지속적으로 세대교번을 하고 있어, 가는돌고기 복원사업은 부분성공으로 평가되었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.64-72
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• 2004

The research was carried out to define the environmental characteristics and vegetation structure of the evergreen fern habitat in Jejudo. The growth conditions of evergreen fern in various habitats was surveyed, including topographical features, vegetation structure, air temperature, humidity, intensity of light, water content and organic matter content in the soil. In the direction of the native habitat, 70% of research area was located in the southeast-facing slopes, 30% was located in southern slopes. The gradient ranged from $0^{\circ}$ to $30^{\circ}$. Temperature ranged from $16^{\circ}C$ to $28^{\circ}C$, and $22.3^{\circ}C$ was the average. Humidity ranged from 20 to 68%, and 36% was the average. In the native habitat, the highest light intensities reached 60,000 to 80,0001ux, but in general ranged from 300 to 40001ux. Water content in the soil ranged from 32% to 59%, organic matter content ranged from 8 to 13%. Within a unit of 25$m^2$, there were tall-tree layer such as Quercus galuca and Castanopsis cuspidata with a covering of rate 40~80%, a sub-tall-tree layer such as Camellia japonica, Staphylea bumalda and Sambucus williamsii with the covering rate of 3~5%, a shrub layer with the covering rate of 5~20%, and a grass layer with the covering rate of 40~95%. This research provides the basic data about the native habitat environment of the evergreen fern plant. Continuous monitoring and accumulation of data is necessary for the use of evergreen fern as vegetation materials.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.19-32
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• 2015

In Korea, significant riparian areas have been developed due to river maintenance projects. Introduction of new riparian facilities can negatively affect wildlife in the riparian areas. This study focuses on selecting core conservation areas for Eurasian Otter(Lutra lutra) to support decision making process for development of riparian areas. For the study, first of all, field data of study site were collected by field surveys. Secondly, stream naturalness was assessed to understand physical environments of the study sites. Thirdly, habitat suitability was assessed using occurrence data of Eurasian Otter and environmental data. Lastly, core areas for conservation was selected by comparing and synthesizing stream naturalness map and habitat suitability map. The selected core areas showed several characteristics. The number of artificial facilities is low in the core areas. Rocks which are preferred by Eurasian Otter to eat and excrete are plentiful in the core areas. Also, the ratio of adjacent farmland is high. Based on the analyses, it is expected that this study can contribute to decision making process for environmental spatial plans to better conserve habitats of Eurasian Otter.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.267-276
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• 2013

본 연구는 어류서식 적합도 향상을 위한 하천구조 개선 방안을 위한 연구이다. 이를 위해 대상하천의 유역 및 수중환경조사와 어류의 군집특성 결과를 이용하여 건전한 수중생태계를 대표할 수 있는 복원 목표어종으로 참갈겨니를 선택하였다. PHABSIM을 이용한 검증결과 유속과 수심에 대한 적합지수 향상을 위한 저수로 폭의 변화는 대상어종의 서식적합도 향상을 가져왔음을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 서식적합지수 향상을 위한 저수로 폭의 변화는 일관성 있는 서식적합도의 향상을 나타내지 못함을 확인하였다. Genetic Algorithm을 이용하여 대상하천의 서식적합도 개선을 위한 주어진 유지유량에 따른 하천 구간별 유속, 수심을 고려한 저수로 폭의 최적 방안을 제시하였다. 저수로 단면 구조개선의 방안 제시는 수계환경개선을 위한 각종 사업에 기여할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.55-66
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate vegetation of Rhododendron mucronulatum habitat in Mt. Biseul to recommend basic information for synecological characteristics and management methods. The survey was carried out from May to July, 2011 and totally 46 vegetation data including 42 families 93 genera 108 species 16 varieties and 5 forma were collected and analyzed. Among the investigated 129 taxa, the numbers of rare plant resources were summarized as 19 taxa; The rare plants designated by Korea Forest Service, the specific plants by floristic region and the endemic plants were listed as 3 taxa, 15 taxa and 4 taxa, respectively. Rhododendron mucronulatum habitat of Mt. Biseul was classified into 3 plant communities (Carex lanceolata-Rhododendron mucronulatum community, Potentilla dickinsii-Selaginella rossii community, Carex lanceolata-Quercus mongolica community). Carex lanceolata-Rhododendron mucronulatum community was subdivided into Tripterygium regelii subunit and Miscanthus sinensis for. purpurascens subunit by human interference degree. And synecology, syndynamics, synchorology of these plant communities were identified, and Site-species ordination analysis by Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) reflected that human impact, soil moisture condition were main ecological factors determining the distribution pattern of classified plant communities. Therefore these plant communities correspond to quite distinctive 4 habitat types : unstable-dry type=Miscanthus sinensis for. purpurascens subunit, unstable-moderate type=Tripterygium regelii subunit, stable-dry type=Potentilla dickinsii-Selaginella rossii community, stable-moderate type=Carex lanceolata-Quercus mongolica community. Finally, through the vegetational diagnosis, proper management methods such as a limit on the access of visitors, planting of native woody plants after removing unwanted vines or grass were suggested.