• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.103-119
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• 2016

This study aims to assess habitat feature on the large-scale spawning ground of the Boreal Digging Frog Kaloula borealis in Daemyung retarding basin of Daegu, and to analyze the relationships between species abundance and meteorological factors for each habitat. Fifty-seven(57) pitfalls were installed to collect species abundance of 4 survey regions, and high-resolution satellite image, soil sampling equipment, digital topographic map, and GPS were used to develop habitat features such as terrain, soil, vegetation, human disturbance. The analysis shows that the frog is most abundant in sloped region with densely herbaceous cover in southern part of the retarding basin. In the breeding season, lowland regions, where Phragmites communis and P. japonica dominant wetlands and temporary ponds distributed, are heavily concentrated by the species for spawning and foraging. Located in between legally protected Dalsung wetands and lowland regions of the retarding basin, riverine natural levee is ecologically important area as core habitat for Kaloula borealis, and high number of individuals were detected both breeding and non-breeding seasons. Temperate- and pressure-related meteorological elements are selected as statistically significant variables in species abundance of non-breeding season in lowland and highland regions. However, in sloped regions, only a few variables are statistically significant during non-breeding season. Moreover, breeding activities in sloped regions are statistically significant with minimum temperature, grass minimum temperature, dew point temperature, and vapor pressure. Significant meteorological factors with habitat features are effectively applied to establish species conservation strategy of the retarding basin and to construct for avoiding massive road-kills on neighboring roads of the study sites, particularly post-breeding movements from spawning to burrowing areas.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.221-230
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• 2014

수생태적 건전성이 훼손된 하천을 자연형 생태하천으로 복원하고자 할 경우, 대상 수생태계에 서식하고 있는 담수어류는 핵심적 지표생물로서의 활용 가능성이 매우 크다. 어류의 서식환경에 대한 정보는 수환경의 생물학적 및 물리 화학적 특성을 반영할 수 있는 핵심적 요소임에도 불구하고 관련 연구가 미비하고 기존 데이터 또한 산재해 있는 등 데이터베이스(DB)화가 미흡하여 생태하천 복원사업의 추진 과정에서 이를 충분히 연계하지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 이러한 문제에 대응하기 위하여 국내에 서식하고 있는 주요 담수어종의 서식환경에 대한 전국 규모의 상세조사 결과를 바탕으로, 깃대종으로서의 활용도가 높을 것으로 판단되는 70종을 선정하여 각 어종별로 개체군 특성, 물리적 및 이화학적 서식특성을 DB화하고, 이를 생태하천 조성사업에 활용하는 방안을 제시하였다. 특히, 물리적, 이화학적 서식환경에 대해서는 서식범위와 최적범위를 산출하는 통계분석을 추가 수행하여 DB의 활용성을 제고하였다. 본 연구에서 구축한 DB는 생태하천 복원시 선정된 깃대종(어류)에 적합한 생태유량과 목표수질의 산정, 평가 및 서식환경 복원을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.508-523
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• 2017

본 연구는 매노천 생태하천복원을 위한 생태적수질정화비오톱 시스템과 생태어도(Fish-way) 등의 적용 대상지를 중심으로 생태하천 복원 전 후를 모니터링하였다. 어류는 복원전 서식이 확인되지 않았던 생태적수질정화비오톱 습지에서 총 11종 191개체가 창출복원된 것으로 조사되었다. 특히 복원목표종인 돌마자와 참종개가 생태적수질정화비오톱 습지에서 서식함이 모니터링되어, 미소서식처와 건전한 Fish-way가 창출되었음을 확인할 수 있었다. 양서류는 복원후 활동성이 높은 3차 조사시기에 습지와 그 주변에서 다수의 참개구리 서식으로 복원되었음이 확인되었다. 포유류는 수달이 습지와 Fish-way를 서식영역으로 활용하는 것이 확인되어 환경부 멸종위기 제1급이자 천연기념물인 수달 서식지가 복원된 것으로 조사되었다. 식물상의 경우 조사지역에 출현하는 관속식물은 복원 전 총 7과 13종, 복원직후 15과 19종, 복원후 총 22과 33종으로 증가되었다. 복원후 식생은 달뿌리풀 군락 등의 다양한 생태계의 기초생산자이자 수질정화에 기여하는 식재종인 정수식물군락이 형성된 것으로 조사되었다. 수질 모니터링 결과, 평균적으로 BOD 64.3%, T-N 47.2%, T-P 80.7%의 처리효율을 나타내었다. 생태계를 교란하는 제한요인(limiting factor)이 되는 비점오염원이 성공적으로 처리됨으로써 I, II등급수질에 서식하는 목표종이 창출적으로 복원되었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2013

We researched the fauna restoration of 5 urban streams in Ulsan established as ecological streams by improving water quality and river environment. The fauna inhabitation were compared according to the conditions of geometrical feature such as river width, low-water channel width, ect and water quality, water volumn, inland and forceland. The Mugeo cheon has clearly shown the fauna restoration effects resulting from supplying sustainable maintenance water and wastewater treatments. In the Yaksa cheon, on the other hand, the restoration effects were low due to the inflow of wastewater and sledges in some part of stream ever though the improvement of water quality. The Yeocheon cheon was found to have disadvantage on the ecological inhabitations due to supplying the maintenance water with highly concentrated salinity. The fauna restoration effect of the Meongjeong cheon was low due to the inflow of wastewater to the down stream. Therefore by supplying the maintenance water and improving the connection to the Taehwa river at the estuary, better restoration effects could be observed. In the Cheokgwa cheon, which is almost a natural river, the ecological integrity of the fauna population has been maintained quite well. It was concluded that the project to transform urban streams into ecological streams should focus on not only keeping water volume and quality but also maintaining favorable conditions for the migration and settlement of animal species close to the natural state.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.11-23
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• 2011

Mountain streams, which are major components of an entire river network, play an important role as the source of water, sediment, coarse and fine organic matter, and nutrients for lowland rivers. Therefore, dynamics and downstream linkages of each compartment of the mountain stream can be essential for watershed management in catchment scale. The dynamics and downstream linkages are understood as a development of step-pool sequences along a river course. Recently, stream restoration after flooding event often employ the development of step-pool sequences in the world. In this paper, we 1) examined the geomorphic characteristics and the role of step-pool sequences in steep mountain streams by reviewing the results of past studies, and 2) introduced the case studies of stream restoration using step-pool sequences, and finally 3) addressed design methods considering geometry and stability of artificial step-pool sequences for stream restoration. Step-pool sequences play an important role not only as roughness with energy dissipation but also as heterogeneity of stream feature for aquatic habitat. Step-pool sequences, even if they are constructed artificially along a stream, may be effective for small stream restoration considering eco-friendly torrent controls. So far the artificial step-pool sequences were employed for mountainous streams, but those would be applied to urban stream.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.103-118
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• 2018

Ecosystems in subalpine regions are recognized as areas vulnerable to climatic changes because rainfall and the possibility of flora migration are very low due to the characteristics of topography in the regions. In this context, habitat niche was formulated for representative species of arbors in subalpine regions in order to understand the effects of climatic changes on alpine arbor ecosystems. The current potential habitats were modeled as future change areas according to the climatic change scenarios. Based on the growth conditions and environmental characteristics of the habitats, the study was conducted to identify direct and indirect causes affecting the habitat reduction of Abies nephrolepis. Diverse model algorithms for explanation of the relationship between the emergence of biological species and habitat environments were reviewed to construct the environmental data suitable for the six models(GLM, GAM, RF, MaxEnt, ANN, and SVM). Weights determined through TSS were applied to the six models for ensemble in an attempt to minimize the uncertainty of the models. Based on the current climate determined by averaging the climates over the past 30years(1981~2010) and the HadGEM-RA model was applied to fabricate bioclimatic variables for scenarios RCP 4.5 and 8.5 on the near and far future. The results of models of the alpine region tree species studied were put together and evaluated and the results indicated that a total of eight national parks such as Mt. Seorak, Odaesan, and Hallasan would be mainly affected by climatic changes. Changes in the Baekdudaegan reserves were analyzed and in the results, A. nephrolepis was predicted to be affected the most in the RCP8.5. The results of analysis as such are expected to be finally utilizable in the survey of biological species in the Korean peninsula, restoration and conservation strategies considering climatic changes as the analysis identified the degrees of impacts of climatic changes on subalpine region trees in Korean peninsula with very high conservation values.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.316-323
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• 2022

Background: We developed a habitat suitability index (HSI) model for Pedicularis hallaisanensis, a Grade II Endangered Species in South Korea. To determine the habitat variables, we conducted a literature review on P. hallaisanensis with a specific focus on the associated spatial factors, climate, topography, threats, and soil factors to derive five environmental factors that influence P. hallaisanensis habitats. The specific variables were defined based on the collected data and consultations with experts in the field, with the validity of each variable tested through field studies. Results: Mt. Seorak had a suitable habitat area of 2.48 km² for sites with a score of 1 (0.62% of total area) and 0.01 km² for sites with a score of 0.9. Mt. Bangtae had a suitable habitat area of 0.03 km² for sites with a score of 1 (0.02% of total area) and 0 km² for sites with a score of 0.9. Mt. Gaya showed 0.13 km² of suitable habitat for sites with a score of 1 (0.17% of total area) and 0 km² for sites with a score of 0.9. Lastly, Mt. Halla showed 3.12 km² of suitable habitat related to sites with a score of 1 (2.04% of total area) and 4.08 km² of sites with a score of 0.9 (2.66% of total area). Mt. Halla accounts for 73.1% of the total core habitat area. Considering the climatic, soil, and forest conditions together with standardized collection sites, our results indicate that Mt. Halla should be viewed as a core habitat of P. hallaisanensis. Conclusions: The findings in this study provide useful data for the identification of core habitat areas and potential alternative habitats to prevent the extinction of the endangered species, P. hallaisanensis. Furthermore, the developed HSI model allows for the prediction of suitable habitats based on the ecological niche of a given species to identify its unique distribution and causal factors.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.99-112
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• 2020

This study aims to propose biotope field datasheet and biotope type classification based on habitat-based by analyzing the German biotope system. The German system began in 1976 and has established a habitat-based national biotope classification system. On the other hand, Korea institutionalized in 2018 to build a classification system based on land use and land cover, which is a classification system that does not fully reflect ecosystem in Korea. Germany operates 44 biotope classification systems and 40 biotope field datasheet. Korea uses a single biotope field datasheet regardless of the biotope type. This classification system may not reflect the characteristics of Korea's biotope ecological habitat. The biotope classification system of Korea was proposed by dividing it into five categories: mountain ecology, freshwater ecology, land ecology, coastal ecology, and development area to reflect ecosystem habitat. The biotope type was designed as a system of large-classification-middle-small classification and subdivided into medium-classification and subdivided in each biotope system. The major classifications were classified into 44 categories according to the mountainous biotope(11), freshwater biotope(8), terrestrial biotope (12), coastal biotope(6), and development biotope(7). Unlike Germany, Korea's biotope field datasheet was proposed in five ways according to the classification of major ecosystem types. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the policy suggestion and the utilization of ecosystem conservation because the biotope classification system is classified to reflect the characteristics of ecosystem habitats.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제31권2B호
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• pp.147-154
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• 2011

유량증분방법론에 근거한 물리서식처 평가 모형은 생태유량 산정과 하천의 이수 및 환경 기능과 관련한 유량 산정을 지원하기 위한 의사결정수단으로 개발되었다. 물리서식처 평가 모형은 다양한 관련 학문의 이해, 복잡한 입력자료, 그리고 경험을 필요로 한다. 본 연구에서는 계획 단계에서 물리서식처 구조와 생태유량 규모를 개략적으로 추정할 수 있는 간편 물리서식처 모의 모형(SIMHAB)을 제시하였다. SIMHAB을 물리 및 생태자료가 있는 하천에 적용하고 모형의 적정성을 검토하였다. 제시된 모형은 현장자료와 PHABSIM 및 River2D와 같은 기존의 물리서식처 모형의 결과와 유사하나, 적은 입력자료를 필요로 한다. 따라서 SIMHAB은 물리서식처, 생태유량, 수자원 관리 등을 포함하는 하천복원 사업에 손쉽게 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.207-215
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• 2011

In order to establish fundamental data for stream restoration and environmental flow, we investigated physical habitat conditions of Korean chub (Zacco koreanus) in the typical streams of Han River. Field monitoring including fish sampling was conducted from September 2008 to April 2010. A total number of fish caught in the 8 sites was 3,421 representing 8 families 31 species, and 17 species (54.8%) including Korean shinner (Coreoleuciscus splendidus) and Z. koreanus were Korean endemic species during the study period. The most frequently found species in number was pale chub (Z. platypus, 25.7%) followed by Z. koreanus (22.8%) and Microphysogobio longidorsalis (16.8%). Numbers of Z. Koreanus ranged from 8 to 10 cm of total length were the highest in size distribution of their population in all sites. They were widely found in ranges of flow velocity (0.2~0.9 m/sec, 89.6%), water depth (0.3~0.9 m, 91.6%), and different types of substrates except for silt, and they tended to prefer run (58.1%) and riffle (33.7%) with cobble bed (47.0%) microhabitat. Most of upper streams in Korea consist of riffles and runs that are repeatedly followed by another one. However, stream channelization and leveling have caused reduction of habitat diversity. Therefore, it is necessary to make an effort on stream rehabilitation with evaluation of physical habitat condition by indicator species in order to maintain biodiversity and perform ecological restoration.