• Journal of Species Research
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.136-159
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• 2019

This study was carried out to investigate the flora of six islands belonging to the Gogunsan Archipelago (i.e., Sinsi-do, Seonyu-do, Munyeo-do, Yami-do, Bian-do, and Duri-do) in the Korean Peninsula. As results of five field surveys from March to October of 2016, we have identified 575 total taxa, representing 527 species, five subspecies, 42 varieties, and one hybrid, placed in 358 genera and 118 families. Of these 575 taxa, four are endemic to Korea, six taxa are listed on the Korean Red List of threatened species, 67 are floristic regional indicator plants, and 74 are invasive alien species. In this study, we compared species richness among the islands, and find that the larger the islands, the higher the species richness. In the case of habitat affinity types, forest species were most common, followed by farmland, seacoast, bare ground and wetland species. From similarity analyses based on the composition of vascular plants, each island did not exhibit either local specificity or unique diversity. On the contrary, the proportion of invasive alien and ruderal species may increase by human activities. Investigations and analyses of island flora such as this are important to assess the current status of the flora, predict future vegetation patterns and the spread of the alien species, and establish managment plans of plant diversity.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.602-620
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• 2018

Korean benthic macroinvertebrate community from 959 sites and 14 environmental factors that could affect the biological distribution were surveyed and analyzed. The 438 taxa were divided into six groups according to TWINSPAN. Based on the environmental factor values corresponding to each taxon, the average and range of environmental factors for each biological group tended to increase or decrease in eight environmental factors (altitude, slope, current velocity, fraction of fine particles in substrates, turbidity, $BOD_5$, T-N and T-P). As a result of discriminant analysis (hit ratio: 69.6 %), environmental factors that significantly influence the distribution of each biological group were $BOD_5$, altitude, catchment area, T-N, T-P and fraction of fine particles in substrates. The discriminant functions 1 and 2 classified the existing six biological groups (clustered by TWINSPAN) into five (group 1: highland highly sensitive group; group 2: lowland sensitive group, group; 3 and 4: lowland slightly tolerant group; group 5: lowland tolerant group; group 6: lowland highly tolerant group). Most of the benthic macroinvertebrates were identified in the species level. However, a few others were identified in genus or family level, too. Even the organisms belonging to the same genus or family may prefer different environmental factors in the species level, the identification of characteristic of the habitat environment preferred by organism and species level identification of these organisms are utmost. The results of this study may be used as basic information on environmental factors which can be considered in preservation and restoration research for biodiversity.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2018

Green roof in Korea has been recognized as part of landscape area and local governments enacted municipal ordinance for supporting green roof thereby assisting part of expenses spent for green roof within a range of budget for buildings which are eligible for the green roof support of existing buildings. However, it is necessary to enforce a regulation of mandatory green roof for new buildings in order to expand green roof application and provide a variety of assistances such as subsidy payment, tax relief, and mitigation of floor area ratio-related regulation as done in other advanced nations. In particular, LEED(Leadership in Environmental and Energy Design) in the USA applies additional point directly for green roof in terms of the reduction in heat island effects. For example, the following items are beneficial to have additional points: habitat preservation or restoration, external space, rainwater management, reduction in outdoor water usage, minimum energy performance, and optimum energy performance. In addition, the BREEAM(Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method) in the UK specifies green roof as one of assessment items to be complied in terms of diversity of species. As such, LEED and BREEAM reflect direct and indirect effects of green roof on assessment criteria, which suggest a direction to green building certification criteria in Korea where only additional points are given for green roof according to soil depth.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.72-77
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• 2021

Background: In 2020, a categorized list of wetland preferences, major habitats, and life forms of 4145 vascular plant taxa occurring in the Korean Peninsula was published by the National Institute of Biological Resources. We analyzed the list and explored the distribution patterns of the five categorized groups according to wetland preference, along with the information on the major habitats and the life forms of the plants belonging to those categories. Results: Out of 4145 taxa, we found that 729 wetland plant taxa (18%) occur in Korea: 401 obligate wetland plants and 328 facultative wetland plants. Among the 729 wetland taxa, the majority (73%) was hygrophytes and the remaining 27% was aquatic macrophytes. Furthermore, almost all of the wetland taxa are herbs; so, woody plants are only 4.7%. The 16 carnivorous taxa distributed in Korea were characterized as obligate wetland plants. Conclusions: We expect the categorized information would promote understanding of the characteristics of the plant species and would be an important source for understanding, conservation, and restoration of wetland ecosystems.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.179-193
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• 2023

It is undeniable that urban greenspace is the soul of a city. Conventional urban greenspace such as parks, community gardens, playgrounds etc. located within a city reduce the negative effects of pollution, play a major role in the survival of the urban ecosystem, and promote healthy lifestyles. Today, 55% of the world's population lives in urban areas, which is expected to increase to 68% by 2050. Projections show that urbanization and the gradual migration to urban areas combined with the fast growth of the world's population, could add another 2.5 billion people to urban areas by 2050 and almost 90% of this increase will take place in Asia(UN, 2018). As a result, many plots in the cities are and will continue to be occupied with buildings to provide residential support to the increased population. This will dangerously decrease urban greenspaces. Moreover, worldwide, food crisis, energy crisis, and social crisis is posing a great threat to the existence of mankind. Additionally, the COVID - 19 has introduced a new lifestyle where from work culture to community configuration has drastically transformed. In this scenario, residential buildings will have to serve more than just providing privacy and shelter. As urban greenspaces are being occupied by concrete residential buildings, these buildings will have to compensate for the percentage of urban green they are destroying and the issues they are imposing in the process. The goal of this thesis is to design, architecturally define and, categorize comprehensive 'sustainable Greenspace'(S.G.S) for the multi-family housing scenario. These will be different than the conventional green (veranda, rooftop green) we commonly see in residential buildings. An old, dilapidated apartment building will be the target of remodeling to fulfill the purpose of this thesis.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

본 연구는 오대산국립공원에 서식하는 산양의 정확한 서식 실태를 파악하는 한편, 개체군 증가에 따른 복원과 서식지 관리 중심의 보전사업을 위한 무인센서카메라를 이용한 산양의 개체 수 전수조사를 실시하였다. 오대산국립공원에서 2018년 1년간 현장조사를 통해 획득한 산양 서식실태 조사결과를 중심으로 산양의 서식 흔적이 가장 많이 관찰된 18개의 격자(2km×2km)를 우선 선정한 후 다시 4개의 소격자(1km×1km)로 나누어 38개의 소격자에 총 62대의 무인센서카메라를 설치하여 조사를 진행하였다. 조사결과, 총 5,096장의 야생동물이 촬영되었고, 이중 산양은 총 2,268장이 촬영되었으며, 산양 분류표(뿔 형태 Ⓐ, 링 무늬Ⓑ, 링 형성 비율Ⓒ, 얼굴 색상 Ⓓ)로 분석한 결과 총 95개체를 확인하였다. 암·수 비율은 수컷 35개체(36.8%), 암컷 46개체(48.4%), 성별미상(새끼) 14개체(14.7%)로 나타났으며, 성별미상을 제외한 암·수 비율은 4(수):6(암)비율로 나타났다. 산양의 개체 수 분석 중 뿔 형태 Ⓐ와 얼굴 색상 Ⓓ로 암·수 및 개체가 확연이 구분되어 각 개체를 구분하는 중요한 요인이었으며, 성별미상인 14개체를 제외한 81개체의 상관관계를 분석한 결과(r=-0.635, p<0.01) 유의적인 차이가 나타났으며, 오대산국립공원의 산양은 최소생존개체군을 형성하였기에 복원에서 보전으로 정책의 변화가 필요하다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.511-520
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• 2006

주왕산국립공원 탐방로중 가장 높은 가메봉을 대상으로 포유류의 고도별 분포 현황을 분석한 결과 총 22종의 서식을 확인하였다. 해발 200 m에서 800 m 구간을 100 m 단위로 세분화하여 분석한 결과 다람쥐(Tamias sibiricus)가 가장 많은 구간에서 우점종으로 나타났으며, 조사지역내 전 구간에서 서식이 확인된 종은 족제비(Mustela sibirica), 노루(Caproelus pygargus), 다람쥐였다. 확인된 Field Sign을 관찰 지점을 기준으로 분석한 결과, 고도의 증가에 따른 종 및 개체수는 유의적인 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다(y=-0.0234X+25.552, $R^2$=0.9296, $F_{0.05}$(1, 4)=7.71, p<0.05). 그러나 100 m 단위로 세분화한 6구간중 5구간 이상에서 관찰된 9종을 대상으로 분석한 결과Apodemus agrarius(y=-0.034X+25.2, $R^2$=0.905, $F_{0.05}$(1, 4)=38.169, p<0.01)와 Sciurus vulgarie (y=-0.0154X+12.819, $R^2$=0.781, $F_{0.05}$(1, 4)=14.270, p<0.05) 2종만 유의적 영향을 받는 것으로 나타나 종별 고도에 따른 제한적 분포보다는 주변 식생 현황 및 서식지 구조에 따라 종의 분포가 이루어지는 것으로 판단된다. Box and Whisker Diagram분석 결과200$\sim$300 m 구간내 탐방객의 출입이 금지되어 있는 자연 휴식년제(Nature Restoration Area) 지역에서의 사분위 편차($Q_U-Q_L$)가 가장 적은 것으로 나타났으며, 주변 식생 및 탐방로 형태가 유사한 해발 500$\sim$600 m 구간에서 가장 광범위한 분포를 보였다. 특히 이 구간내 탐방로 상에서 멸종 위기 야생동물 II인 삵(Prionailurus bengalensis)의 배설물이 집중적으로 관찰되어 이에 대한 연구가 연계되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.33-47
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• 2022

Wild boars(Sus scrofa) are expanding their range of behavior as their habitats change. Appearing in urban centers and private houses, it caused various social problems, including damage to crops. In order to prevent damage and effectively manage wild boars, there is a need for ecological research considering the characteristics and movement characteristics of wild boars. The purpose of this study is to analyze home range and identify land cover types in key areas through tracking wild boars, and to predict the movement connectivity of wild boars in consideration of previous studies and their preferred land use characteristics. In this study, from January to June 2021, four wild boars were captured and tracked in Jinju city, Gyeongsangnam-do, and the preferred land cover type of wild boars was identified based on the MCP 100%, KDE 95%, and KDE 50% results. As a result of the analysis of the home range for each individual, it was found that 100% of MCP was about 0.68km², 2.77km², 2.42km², and 0.16km², and the three individuals overlapped the home range, refraining from habitat movement and staying in the preferred area. The core areas were analyzed as about 0.55km², 2.05km², 0.82km², and 0.14km² with KDE 95%., and about 0.011km², 0.033km², 0.004km², and 0.003km² with KDE 50%. When the preferred land cover type of wild boar was confirmed based on the results of analysis of the total home range area and core area that combined all individuals, forests were 55.49% (MCP 100%), 54.00% (KDE 95%), 77.69% (KDE 50%), respectively, with the highest ratio, and the urbanization area, grassland, and agricultural area were relatively high. A connectivity scenario was constructed in which the ratio of the land cover type preferred by the analyzed wild boar was reflected as a weight for the resistance value of the connectivity analysis, and this was compared with the connectivity evaluation results analyzed based on previous studies and wild boar characteristics. When the current density values for the wild boar movement data were compared, the average value of the existing scenario was 2.76, the minimum 1.12, and the maximum 4.36, and the weighted scenario had an average value of 2.84, the minimum 0.96, and the maximum 4.65. It was confirmed that, on average, the probability of movement predictability was about 2.90% better even though the weighted scenario had movement restrictions due to large resistance values. It is expected that the identification of the movement route through the movement connectivity analysis of wild boars can be suggested as an alternative to prevent damage by predicting the point of appearance. In the future, when analyzing the connectivity of species including wild boar, it is judged that it will be effective to use movement data on actual species.

• 생태와환경
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• 제39권2호통권116호
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• pp.198-208
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• 2006

본 연구는 어류를 이용한 생물학적 수환경 평가기법 즉, '생물통합지수'라 불리는 다변수 모델기법을 적용하는 것이다. 본 연구를 위하여 2004년 8월 ${\sim}$ 2005년 9월까지 갑천에서 5개 지점을 선정하여 조사하였다. 또한 생물학적 자료와 함께 환경부에서 제공되는 장기간의 수진자료와 물리적 서식지 평가 결과를 비교하였다. 어류 군집에 기반으로 한 하천의 생몰학적 건강도 평가를 위하여 Karr(1981)가 제시한 12메트릭 모델을 국내 실정에 맞게 10메트릭 모델로 변형하여 적용하였다. US EPA(1993)와 Karr(1981)의 기준에 따르면 갑천의 평균 생물학적 건강도 지수는 24.0 (범위: 20 ${\sim}$ 30, n=5)으로 보동${\sim}$악화 상태를 나타내었다. 장마기간에 조사된 4차 조사를 제외한 나머지 조사 중 상류부(SI~S3)와 하류부(S4, S5)의 평균 생물학적 건강도 지수는 26.0${\sim}$24.0으로 나타난 반면 4차 조사는 상류부와 하류부가 각각 21.0과 20.0을 기록하였다. 이는 장마로 인한 교란현상을 시사하며 또한 하류부보다는 상류부가 장마의 영향을 심하게 받는 것을 알 수 있다. 물리적 서식지 평가 지수는 75(보통)${\sim}$148(양호)상태를 보였다. 53은 75점을 기록하여 다른 지점에 비하여 상당히 낮은 수치(P=0.001, n=5)를 보였으며 생물학적 건강도 평가 지수 역시 24를 기록하여 상당히 낮은 수치를 보였다. 생물학적 산소요구량, 화학적 산소요구량, 총인, 총질소의 네 항목은 상류에 비하여 하류에서 3${\sim}$8배 가랑 상승하였으며, 이는 생물학적건강도 지수가 이 ${\cdot}$ 화학적 수질과 물리적 서식지를 모두 반영하는 결과라 사료되었다. 이와 같은 이유로 생물학적건강도 평가기법은 하천생태계를 현재를 진단하는 것뿐만이 아니라 나아가서 하천생태계와 수질을 회복하는데 핵심도구로 여겨진다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.461-471
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• 2016

본 연구는 원예적 가치가 높은 멸종위기 해안식물인 갯봄맞이(Glaux maritima L.)의 기내번식 체계를 확립하기 위하여 수행되었다. 2009년 개인 원예가로부터 갯봄맞이가 심겨진 화분을 분양 받아 줄기와 꽃의 색을 기준으로 'Red type'(RT)과 'Pistachio type'(PT)으로 구분한 후 본 연구의 식물 재료로 사용하였다. 분양 받은 모식물체는 예전 연구 보고에서와 일치하는 꽃, 삭과 및 종자의 외형을 나타내었다. 기내 파종 후 $4^{\circ}C$의 저온에서 4주 이상 처리하였을 때 종자 발아율이 최대에 달했는데, 이는 종자흡습에 이어서 저온처리가 종자의 발아에 필수적이라는 것을 나타내는 것이다. 기내 실생은 모식물체와 동일하게 'RT'와 'PT' 표현형으로 분리하는 것이 관찰되었다. 새롭게 신장한 액아 유래 신초의 마디 수 합을 기준으로 판단한 증식 효율은 표현형과 배지의 종류에 따라 다소 차이가 있기는 했지만 기내 실생에서 절취한 제4절과 제5절을 배양했을 때 가장 높았다. 더불어, 'RT'와 'PT' 표현형의 마디를 BA $0.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 단용 배지와 BA $0.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ + IAA $0.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 혼용 배지에서 각각 배양하는 것이 신초 분화율을 가장 높였다. 마디배양 유래 유식물체는 배양실에서 양호하게 기외 순화되었고, 비록 내륙 환경에서 담수 관수를 하는 재배법을 사용했지만 염습 자생지에서와 동일하게 유사일년생 생활환을 완성하였다. 본 연구는 갯봄맞이의 기내 번식에 관한 한 최초인 것으로 판단되며 본 연구의 결과는 이 희귀 종의 서식지외 보존, 자생지 복원 및 원예용으로의 개발에 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.