• 환경영향평가
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.845-856
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• 2011

In order to establish fundamental data for stream restoration and environmental flow, we investigated inhabitation and species diversity of fish to substrate size in the typical streams of Geum River Basin. Field monitoring including fish sampling was conducted from October 2007 to October 2009. Substrate size was determined according to six different : silt (Si), sand (Sa), fine gravel (Fg), coarse gravel (Cg), cobbles (Co) and boulders (Bo). A total number of fish caught in the 18 sites was 7,649 representing 10 families 50 species, and Si, Sa, Fg, Cg, Co and Bo stations occupied 30, 29, 38, 30, 27 and 17 species, respectively. The most frequently found species in number was pale chum (Zacco platypus, 29.7%, n=2,275) followed by Z. koreanus (22.5%, n=1,720) in total stations. Biological diversity with increase of substrate size from the dominance of part species showed higher values as dominance index, lower and diversity, richness and evenness index. Index of biological integrity (IBI) and qualitative habitat evaluation index (QHEI) scores decreased with increase of substrate size. Therefore, it is necessary to make an effort on stream rehabilitation with evaluation of physical habitat condition by indicator species in order to maintain biodiversity and perform ecological restoration.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.291-306
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• 2018

본 연구는 붉가시나무(Quercus acuta Thunb.)를 대상으로 기후변화의 영향을 평가함에 있어 분산능력을 고려해보고자 하였다. 기후변화에 따른 붉가시나무의 잠재서식지 변화를 예측하기 위하여 종의 분포자료와 기후자료를 활용하여 종분포모형을 개발하였다. 종분포모형은 9개 알고리즘을 True Skill Statistic 평가 값 가중치로 합산하는 앙상블모형을 적용하여 불확실성을 줄이고자 하였다. 미래의 시간적 범위는 2050년과 2070년을 대상으로 하였으며, 기후변화 시나리오는 RCP4.5와 RCP8.5를 선정 하였다. 최종적인 미래 잠재서식지는 현재 적합서식지에서 분산능력에 따라 분산가능한지의 여부를 고려하여 결정하였다. 분산능력은 제한이 없는 경우(Unlimited)와 거리에 따른 분산 확률 함수에 3가지 계수값 (${\theta}=-0.005$, ${\theta}=-0.001$, ${\theta}=-0.0005$)을 적용하여 R 패키지인 Migclim을 사용하여 구현하였다. 2050년 RCP4.5 시나리오에서 계수값이 ${\theta}=-0.005$일 때 붉가시나무의 잠재서식지가 감소하였다. 그 이외의 경우에는 분산능력이 낮은 경우에도 한반도 내의 잠재서식지가 늘어났다. 하지만 분산능력을 고려하였을 경우 붉가시나무의 미래 잠재서식지 확장에는 한계가 분명하게 나타났다. 따라서 기후변화에 따른 미래 잠재서식지 예측에 있어서 분산능력을 고려하는 것이 중요하다고 판단된다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2023년도 학술발표회
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• pp.28-28
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• 2023

Most countries worldwide are finding it difficult to make decisions regarding the utilization of water resources and the ecological flow protection of rivers because of serious water shortages and global climate warming. To overcome this difficulty, accurate ecological flow processes and protected ecological objectives are required. Since the introduction of the concept, ecological flow calculations have been developed for more than 60 years. This technical development has always been dominated by countries such as the United States, Australia, and the United Kingdom. The technical applications, however, vary substantially worldwide. Some countries, for instance, did not readjust the method because of a lack of understanding of the ecological effect or because they failed to achieve elaborate scheduling. Mostly, readjustments were not made because the users could not make their choices from among numerous methods for ecological flow. This paper presents three research results based on a systematic review of 240 methods with clear connotation boundaries. First, the ecological flow algorithm was developed along with the scientific and technological progress in the river ecosystem theory, ecohydrological relationship, and characterization and simulation of hydrological and hydrodynamic processes. In addition, the basis of the method has evolved from the hydrological process of the ecosystem, hydraulics-habitat conditions, and social development interference to whole ecosystem simulation. Second, 240 methods were classified into 50 sub-categories to evaluate their advantages and disadvantages according to the ecological flow algorithms of hydrology, hydraulics, habitat, and other comprehensive methods. According to this evaluation, 60% of the methods were not suitable for further application, including the method based on the percentage of natural runoff. Furthermore, the applicability of the remaining methods was presented according to the evaluation based on the aspects of allocation of water resources, water conservancy project scheduling, and river ecological evaluation. Third, In the future, most developing countries should strengthen the guarantee of high-standard ecological flow via a coordination mechanism for the ecological flow guarantee established under a sustainable framework or via an ecological protection pattern at the national level according to the national system. Concurrently, a reliable ecological flow demand process should also be established on the basis of detailed investigation and research on the relationship between river habitats, ecological hydrology, and ecological hydraulics. This will ensure that the real-time evaluation of ecological flow forces the water conservancy project scheduling and accurate allocation of water.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.83-97
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• 2011

본 연구는 도심 산지형 근린공원의 생태적 이용적 측면을 향상시키기 위한 적정 공간구분을 하고, 공간별 기능에 적절한 개선방안의 목표 및 방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 연구대상지는 서울시 송파구 녹지축 선상의 거점녹지이고 산지형 근린공원인 오금공원으로 면적은 약 22ha이다. 적정 공간구분을 위한 평가체계는 총 3단계로 이루어지며, 1단계는 공간단위 구분, 2단계는 공간기능 평가, 3단계는 공간 적정기능 배분 및 개선방안 제시이었다. 공간단위는 오금공원의 산림지형을 토대로 유역권 분석을 하고 토지이용 현황을 고려하여 총 8개 지역으로 구분하였다. 공간기능 평가 단계는 생물서식 기능 항목에서 식물생태(식생유형, 층위구조, 잠재식생), 동물생태(야생조류), 수계 현황을 분석하였고, 여가휴양 및 이용 기능 항목으로 경사도, 소음, 산책로, 이용현황, 시설물 현황을 조사 분석하였다. 생물서식 기능 평가는 식생자연성, 식생다양성, 식생잠재성, 동물다양성, 동물서식 잠재성 항목으로 구분하였다. 공간별 평가점수를 등급화한 결과, 생물서식 기능 평가 점수의 최대점의 90%에 해당하는 IV, VII지역이 A등급, II, V 지역은 70%에 해당하는 B등급, I, VI 지역은 50%에 해당하는 C등급이었으며, 50%의 기준에 미치지 못하는 III, VIII 지역은 등급제외를 하였다. 여가휴양 및 이용 기능 평가는 이용잠재성, 이용선호성, 이용집중성, 이용다양성, 이용편의성 항목으로 구분하였으며, 공간별 평가점수를 등급화한 결과, 여가휴양 및 이용 기능 평가 최대점수의 90%에 해당하는 A등급은 V, VI 지역, 70%에 해당하는 B등급은 I, VII 지역, 50% 기준의 C등급은 II, IV, VIII지역이었으며, 50%의 기준에 미치지 못하는 III 지역은 등급제외를 하였다. 공간기능 평가 결과를 토대로 생물서식 기능과 여가휴양 및 이용 기능의 등급을 종합하여 적정 공간구분을 하였다. 본 연구는 공간구분 기준에 따라 생태적 공간, 친자연적 이용 공간, 이용적 공간으로 구분하였고, 생물서식 기능과 친자연적 이용을 위한 개선방안을 공간별로 제시하였다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.527-536
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• 2007

In this study, we applied 10-metric health assessment model, based on the Index of Biological Integrity (IBI) during 2006 in the Changwon Stream, which is located in the Changwon city, Gyeongnam province, S. Korea, and then compared with water quality data. The Index of Biological Integrity (IBI) in the Changwon Stream varied from 18 to 38 in the watershed depending on the sampling location and averaged 30.3 (n=6) during the study. Analysis of tolerance guilds showed that the proportion of sensitive species was 13%, but tolerant and intermediate species were 34% and 53%, respectively. Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI) averaged 43.3 (range: 65-104, n=6) indicating non-supporting condition, based on the criteria of U.S. EPA (1993). Values of QHEI showed a typical longitudinal decreases from the headwater reach to the downstream location, except for Site 1 with a low QHEI value by artificial habitat by concrete construction. Minimum QHEI was found in Site 4 where fish diversity was minimal. Conductivity increased continuously along the gradients and especially showed abrupt increases in the downstream sites along with turbidity. Stream ecosystem health of IBI matched to the values of QHEI except for S6. Low IBI values in the sites 4 and 5 was considered to be a result of combined effects of chemical pollutions and habitat degradations. Our results support the hypotheses of Plafkin et ai. (1989) that physical habitat quality directly influences the trophic structure and species richness, and is closely associated with IBI values.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.99-114
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• 2013

In this study, constructability of ecologocal stream restoration process was evaluated and improved approaches for habitat were suggested. The study site is Gucheon River in Geoje city where conducted ecologocal restoration work within maintaining its flood control function. Application of ecological design factors and constructability in the process from planning to construction was analyzed and its results are as follows: In the process of planning and designing, it was focused more on the naturality of Gucheon River rather than the human convinience and ecological design factors were applied within the ecological capacity of the site. First, the indexes for constructability evaluation is selected. It was classified into three major categories as construction quality, design quality and construction administration system. Each index has details, so there are twenty sub indexes for contractibility evaluation. Second, the evaluation results shows that the index most in need of improvement was plumbing construction, followed by Stone construction and pavement construction. design concept was evaluated as appropriate in entire categories. Finally it is suggested that it can be improved in both process of design to enhance the technology and process of construction to enhance the quality management. The constructability of ecological stream needs adaptive management and it must be discussed with its designing which is at the stage before construction. Also it needs discussion with its designer constantly and feed-back process.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.81-101
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• 2011

This study was conducted to understand the environmental and ecological function of habitat through evaluation of water environment, soil environment, vegetation characteristics, macro-invertebrate characteristics, and visual habits environment evaluation (SVAP) in Hongdong stream located in Hongseong-Gun, Chungnam Province, and hereafter to utilize the results for the habits reconstruction and improvement project. As the results of water quality analysis, BOD, COD, T-P was almost below the standard quality from upper stream to down stream. The construction of small reservoir, wetland and water purification facility, and the management of non-point pollution are proposed to improve these problems. The soil texture was sandy soil, which is unfitted with vegetation development. The construction of shallows and bogs, and induction of soil sedimentation and biotope formation are proposed to improve these problems. In the plant flora, total 90 kinds were observed with 81 species and nine varieties in total 36 families and 85 genera, and the naturalization rate was higher at down area than upper area. As the results of macro-invertebrate fauna survey, total 26 species and 297 individuals in 20 families and 22 genera were collected. Peltodytes sinensis, Chironomidae sp., and Culicidae sp., which are observed at polluted environment, were collected as dominant species. An appropriate vegetation management party idea is necessary, and it is done an idea in consideration of the soil and a physical characteristic. Visual habits environment evaluation (SVAP) result was mostly determined with below normal (Fair) grade. Pollution source interception, purification pond establishment, and various bog establishment are proposed to improve these problems. With the above results, the ecological environment was determined with bad condition, and the improvement of biotope was urgently needed through sustainable monitoring and management of streams habitat in rural area.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.121-133
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• 2016

It was required to evaluate ecological restorations in a comprehensive way in order to systematically manage conservation areas such as DMZ and national parks in South Korea. In this research we developed a new approach to evaluating ecological restorations with more various indexes than vegetation covering-related indexes. By analyzing damaged areas in the vicinity of DMZ, major damaged types were identified as six classes: landform modification, surface loss, soil pollution, soil physio-chemical modification, vegetation decline and vegetation damaged. From literature review, 39 indexes were selected and were grouped into four divisions: soil property, vegetation growth & structure, habitat property and landscape structure & functions. By conducting a survey with the selected indexes targeting relevant experts, data on relative importance among the divisions and indexes by damaged type were collected. As a result, it was found that the orders and values of weighted values of the divisions were different by damaged type: for example, soil property (0.402), vegetation growth & structure (0.209), habitat property (0.225), landscape structure & function (0.163) for "landform modification"; but soil property (0.171), vegetation growth & structure (0.401), habitat property (0.270), landscape structure & function (0.158) for "vegetation decline". Similarly, evaluation indexes showed different orders and values of relative importance, easiness in field measurement and representativeness for the division by damaged type, and the values were used for calculating importance factor for each index. In the evaluation table, score1 and score2 were made by the importance factors of indexes multiplied by distribution values which present grades and by the weighted values of divisions. In conclusion, while dealing with the damaged type was considered significant for evaluating and managing restorations, further tests on this table with a range of cases were needed to improve its quality.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.221-230
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• 2014

수생태적 건전성이 훼손된 하천을 자연형 생태하천으로 복원하고자 할 경우, 대상 수생태계에 서식하고 있는 담수어류는 핵심적 지표생물로서의 활용 가능성이 매우 크다. 어류의 서식환경에 대한 정보는 수환경의 생물학적 및 물리 화학적 특성을 반영할 수 있는 핵심적 요소임에도 불구하고 관련 연구가 미비하고 기존 데이터 또한 산재해 있는 등 데이터베이스(DB)화가 미흡하여 생태하천 복원사업의 추진 과정에서 이를 충분히 연계하지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 이러한 문제에 대응하기 위하여 국내에 서식하고 있는 주요 담수어종의 서식환경에 대한 전국 규모의 상세조사 결과를 바탕으로, 깃대종으로서의 활용도가 높을 것으로 판단되는 70종을 선정하여 각 어종별로 개체군 특성, 물리적 및 이화학적 서식특성을 DB화하고, 이를 생태하천 조성사업에 활용하는 방안을 제시하였다. 특히, 물리적, 이화학적 서식환경에 대해서는 서식범위와 최적범위를 산출하는 통계분석을 추가 수행하여 DB의 활용성을 제고하였다. 본 연구에서 구축한 DB는 생태하천 복원시 선정된 깃대종(어류)에 적합한 생태유량과 목표수질의 산정, 평가 및 서식환경 복원을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.377-390
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• 2020

도시생태현황지도는 자연환경보전법에 의해 시(市)단위 이상의 지방자치단체는 의무적으로 작성해야 하며 일반적으로 비오톱지도라고 한다. 그 동안 비오톱지도 관련 연구는 식생유형, 식생자연성, 토지이용, 경관생태학 배경으로 이루어 졌으며, 비오톱의 구성요소인 동물서식지 개념을 적용하지 못하는 한계성을 가지고 있었다. 이 연구는 이러한 한계성을 개선하기 위해 육상동물 잠재서식지 개념을 도입하여 비오톱 유형평가에 적용할 수 있는 방법론을 제안하기 위해 수행되었다. 육상동물의 잠재서식지는 머신러닝을 이용한 공간통계 방법을 이용하여 예측하였고 그 결과를 종합하여 종풍부도로 변환하였다. 비오톱 유형평가는 식생학적 가치, 동물서식지 가치로 구분하여 가치합산 하였다. 식생학적 가치는 식생의 자연성과 토지이용을 고려하여 5단계로 구분하였고, 동물 서식지 가치는 머신러닝으로 예측한 종풍부도를 5단계로 구분하여 비오톱 유형평가에 적용하였다. 이 연구는 그동안 비오톱 유형평가에 소극적으로 반영된 육상동물 현장조사 결과를 적극적으로 반영할 수 있는 방법론을 도출하였다는 것에 의미가 있으며 향후 도시생태현황 지도 작성 매뉴얼 개정 시 고려될 필요가 있다.