• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.40-48
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between alcohol consumption, physical activity and breast cancer risk in Korean women. Newly histologically identified cases (N = 108) were selected at Hanyang and Soonchunhyang University Hospitals in Seoul, from January 1998 to August 1999. Hospital-based controls (n = 121) were the patients who visited at the same hospital in the department of plastic surgery, general surgery and opthalmology. Subjects were asked informations on demographic, reproductive, and history of breast feeding as well as physical activity, exercise habit, alcohol consumption by individual interview. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) were calculated by using unconditional logistic regression after adjusted for confounding factors. Among postmenopausal women, the risk of breast cancer increased with increasing alcohol drinking: relative risk for the highest group ( $\geq$ 150 g per week) compared with the lowest group (never drinking) was 2.05 (CI=1.74-3.79). Association of exercise and high physical activity for breast cancer appeared to be limited to women with high physical index among postmenopausal women. We observed decreasing risk of breast cancer with increasing physical activity index among postmenopausal women (OR=0.49,95% CI=0.56-0.92). Results of this study support a protective effects of physical activity during adulthood for breast cancer. (Korean J Nutrition 36(1): 40-48, 2003)

• Toxicological Research
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.355-361
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate whether genetic polymorphisms of CYP2E1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 and lifestyle habits (smoking, drinking, and exercise) modulate the levels of urinary styrene metabolites such as mandelic acid (MA) and phenylglyoxylic acid (PGA) after occupational exposure to styrene. We recruited 79 male workers who had received chronic exposure in styrene fiberglass-reinforced plastic manufacturing factories. We found that serum albumin was significantly correlated with blood styrene/ambient styrene (BS/AS), urinary styrene (US)/AS, and US/BS ratios as well as urinary metabolites, that total protein correlated with US/MA and US/PGA ratios, and that low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol significantly correlated with US/BS, US/MA, and US/PGA ratios. Multiple logistic regression analyses using styrene-metabolizing enzyme genotypes and lifestyle habits as dependent variables and blood and urine styrene concentrations and urine styrene metabolite levels as independent variables revealed that $CYP2E1^*5$ was associated with the MA/US ratio and GSTM1 with US/BS, that a smoking habit was associated with US/AS and MA/US ratios and MA and PGA levels, and that regular exercise was correlated with PGA/US. In conclusion, the results suggested that genetic polymorphisms of styrene-metabolizing enzymes, lifestyle behaviors, and albumin and LDL-cholesterol serving as homeostasis factors together are involved in styrene metabolism.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.173-183
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• 1993

This study reports the relationship between life-style and physical, mental health status in college students. The questionnaire survey was carried out from September to October, 1991. The questionnaire included life-style, physical health condition centered on unhealthy habits and complaints about physical symptoms, and mental condition which was assessed by Zung's self-rating depression scale(SDS). Days absent from school during the last year in males(3.6) were significantly more than those in females (1.0). Days catching the common cold were more in females than in males. The amount of complaints and the SDS score were significantly higher in females than in males. In the relationship between physical and mental health status and individual health habits, abscence-days from school significantly correlated with regular life, snacking, physical exercise, smoking, drinking. The amount of complaints and the SDS score were significantly associated with regular life, regular meal-time, eating breakfast, nutritional balance and physical exercise. In the relationship between health practice index to health status, the group having good habits showed significantly less days catching the common cold, less complaints, less SDS score and less amount of stress. It was also shown that life-style correlated with physical and mental health status.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2005

Objectives : This study aims to confirm the importance of behavior habit and exercise, especially leg exercise in obese. Methods : Out of 2247 people, we divided 1125 people in normal group(BMI<25) and 122 people in obese group($BMI{\geq}25$). We measured each arm, leg, abdomen muscle circumference and right and left water difference using BLA. We Investigated whether ratio of leg muscle circumference to arm and abdomen has differences by statistics between each groups. And analyzed correlation with BMI. We also investigated right and left water distribution difference of two group's limbs and the correlation with BMI. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS program. Results : 1. In obese group, ratio of leg muscle circumference to arm and abdomen is significantly lower than normal group(P<0.001). 2. Ratio of leg muscle circumference to arm and abdomen were negatively correlated with BMI(r-0.461, r=0.462, P<0.001). And partial correlation coefficient controlled for age and sex is -0.528, -0.632(P<0.001). 3. In the case of women, there was right and left water distribution difference as statistical in leg. In the case of Obese, the difference is serious. Conclusions : These results suggest that exercise and activity of lower limbs is more needed in the field of obesity treatment and prevention.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.70-82
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the food habits and dietary intakes of University students in Busan areas. The survey was carried out by self-questionnaires with 130 male and 156 female students. The results obtained were as fellows. 1. 95.3% of male and 76.4% of female students answered they are moderate or healthy. The rates of alcohol drinking in male and female students were 94.5% and 81.0% and the rates of smoking were 73.2% and 2.0% respectively 34.6% of male and 56.9% of female students didn't regular exercise. 2. 21.3% of male and 10.5% of female students were satisfied with their current body image and 74.3% of female students wanted thinner figure. Male students attempted to weight control by exercise and females did by exercise and fasting. 3. The average BMI of students were 22.60 in males and 19.53 in females respectively and 78.0%, of female students were underweight. 4. Breakfast was skipped in 79.5%, of male and 83.7% of female students and it appeared male students eat faster than female students. 5 Male students preferred beverage and noodles and females preferred bread, biscuit, snack and beverage as snack food and female students had a higher tendency to enjoy snack time. The frequency of eating out was higher in female students and the standard of food choice was preference > price > convenience > nutritional value. The favorite dishes were meats > poultry > fruits > fishes, cereals, noodles in male and fruits > meats > cereals > poultry > noodles > fishes in female students. 6. The average energy intake were 1715.70kca1 in male and 1588.71kcal in female students respectively and the intakes of Ca, vitamin A and B2 were lower than RDA in male and female students.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.531-541
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• 2007

This study was conducted to determine factors affecting detection threshold and the optimally-preferred concentration for sweet taste, since investigation into factors decreasing sensitivity or increasing preference for sweet taste is important to prevent overconsumption of simple sugar. Subjects were 70 first-grade middle school students in the Gyeonggi-Do. The detection threshold concentration of sucrose solution and the optimally-preferred sucrose concentration of omija jelly were determined by sensory evaluation. A self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain the information regarding health-related lifestyle practices, dietary habits, preference for and eating frequency of Westernized foods and frequencies of eating foods other than home-made. The detection threshold concentration of sucrose solution and the optimally-preferred sucrose concentration of omija jelly of the subjects were 0.204% and 14.44%, respectively. Subjects who exercise less (< 30 minutes/week except PE class), skipping meals (${\geq}$ 3/week), type of breakfast rather than traditional Korean meal and frequent eating out and buying foods from school tuck-shop tended to have higher sweet taste threshold. There was significant positive correlation between the sucrose threshold concentration and fried chicken preference or eating frequency of hamburger. Those who exercise less (< 30 minutes/week except PE class) did have significantly higher optimally-preferred sweetness of omija jelly, which tended to be higher in the subjects who had more (${\geq}$ 4 out of 10) behavioral or psychological stress symptoms and who had early getting-up time (before 7 am). There was significant positive correlations between the optimally-preferred sweetness of omija jelly and pizza preference, instant noodle eating frequency or sum of eating frequencies of five fast foods. From the results of this study, it was suggested that middle school students should make efforts to stop skipping meals, exercise more, eat Korean traditional breakfast and reduce the frequencies of eating out and using instant/fast foods in order to prevent overconsumption simple sugar.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.1099-1103
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• 2005

This study aims to confirm the importance of behavior habit and exercise, especially leg exercise in obese. Out of 889 people, We divided Group A 50 (BMI<18.5), Group B 210 $(18.5{\leq}BMl<23)$, Group C 202 $(23{\leq}BMI<25)$, Group D212 $(25{\leq}BMI<30)$ and Group 1215 (30

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.495-505
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• 2002

A study was performed to develop as a screening tool the Simple Evaluation Questionnaire for Screening the Over-weight-type Dietary Pattern in 30 to 49 Year Old Adults. We used the data from the 30 to 49 year old subjects who participated in the three surveys - the health behavior survey, the dietary habit survey and the food intake survey - as the National Health and Nutrition Survey 1998. The 3,598 adults were classified into to two body fatness groups of normal (including underweight) and overweight (including obese) on the basis of their relative body weight (RBW) When comparing variables between the two groups, significant differences were found in gender, education, job, employment status, perceived health status, sadness / depression state, stress level, age, number of diseases, age when overweightedness started, maximum body weight, sleep length, drinking pattern (yes/no) , amount of alcoholic drinks, frequency of intoxication or drunkeness, amount of alcoholic drinks when drunk, intensity of exercise, frequency of exercise, exercise duration, skipped meals, small meals and drug supplements. In terms of food intake, there were significant differences in the daily food intake in terms of breakfast, dinner, daily kimchi and dairy products. In terms of mealtimes, we found differences in the amount of cooked rice at breakfast, kimchi at lunch, soup / kuk at dinner, fresh vegetables for snacks, fried foods for snacks between breakfast and lunch, and fruits /juices for snacks between lunch and dinner. After developing questions with indicators and analyzing the indicators by logistic regression analysis three times, we chose 10 questions for a simple evaluation of dietary patterns for the overweight-type category in order to give one point each. Among them we selected two questions to add one additional point and one question to add two additional points. The average scores of the overweight and normal groups, as shown by the developed questionnaire, were $5.97 \pm 2.36 \pm 7.36 \pm 2.21$, respectively. A score of seven points was selected as the cut-off point. We examined the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of the questionnaire to the results of 67%, 59% and 62%, respectively.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.130-134
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• 2005

This study was conducted by surveying 616 male workers living in Ulsan City regarding their health status based on lifestyles such as alcohol consumption, smoking and exercising as well as physical measurements and biochemical tests. The average height, weight and BMI(body mass index, $kg/m^2$) of the subjects was 170.9cm, 70.2kg and 24.2, respectively. The rate of drinking was $80.9\%$ and the rate of smoking was $53.4\%$. Seventy four percent of subjects responded that they exercise regularly. The results of the blood biochemical tests revealed that the average hemoglobin concentration was 14.7g/dl, and the levels of GPT(glutamic pyruvic transaminase) and GOT (glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase) were 32.74unit/l, 26.99 unit/l, respectively. The average hemoglobin concentration for the subjects aged in the 50s was 14.39g/dl, which was significantly lower than those in the 20s(14.81g/dl), 30s(14.69g/dl) and 40s(14.73g/dl). The blood glucose level and the cholesterol level also increased with age. Also investigated was the blood pressure of the subjects increased with age,. and there was a significant increase(p < 0.05) for the subjects in the 50s compared to those in the 20s. The frequency of alcoholic beverages was significantly correlated with systolic/ diastolic blood pressure(p < 0.05) and $\gamma-GTP(gamma\;glutamyl\; transpeptidase)$(p<0.01). The duration of smoking showed a negative correlation(p < 0.05) with the hemoglobin and positive correlations with diastolic blood pressure, cholesterol and $\gamma-GTP(p<0.01)$. The study shows that blood pressure, blood glucose level, cholesterol level, GOT, GPT and $\gamma­GTP$ level, increase with age, which indicates higher possibility of degenerative diseases, calling for nutritional education in terms of advisable lifestyles regarding eating habits, alcohol consumption, smoking and regular exercise.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.49-63
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate body recognition, eating patterns, and health status of female college students in Seoul according to body mass index. In this study, we classified subjects as underweight, normal weight, and obese according to BMI. The mean age of subjects was $20.69{\pm}1.72$ years. Average height, weight or BMI of subjects were $161.49{\pm}5.39cm$, $52.17{\pm}6.53kg$ and $20.01{\pm}2.35kg/m^2$, respectively. Body satisfaction rate was 11.5% for 'Yes', whereas body dissatisfaction rate was 88.5% (p<0.05). Body dissatisfaction rates for the 'overweight', 'body dissatisfaction' and 'underweight' groups were 54.7%, 37.5% and 3.1%, respectively. The most common reason for controlling weight was 52.8% for 'to look pretty', whereas 'stress' at 45.5% was the most common in the obese group. 'Exercise + diet therapy' was used by 48.7%, followed by 'hungry' (23.9%), 'exercise' (17.3%) and 'intermittent diet' (6.1%). 'Regular exercise' 35.3%, 'A good rest & sleep' 32.4% and 'Regular meals & taking nutrition' 26.6% were significantly important (p<0.05). Overeating was lower among obese subjects, whereas consumption of fried foods and high-fat meats was higher (p<0.05). These results suggest the need for proper nutrition education for college students.