• Title/Summary/Keyword: hER

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Textbezogene Wortartenslehre - In Bezug auf 'die Rede-Theorie' von H. Brinkmann - (텍스트중심 품사론 - 브링크만의 '레데 Rede이론'을 중심으로 -)

  • Lee Jae-Won
    • Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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    • v.10
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    • pp.97-124
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    • 2004
  • In der vorliegenden Arbeit geht es urn eine textbezogene Wortartensiehre. Dafur brauche ich die Rede-Konzeption von H. Brinkmann, der einer der $Vorl\"{a}ufer$ der Textlinguistik ist. Die Rede ist dem Begriff 'Text' in der Textlinguistik sehr $\"{a}hnlich$, weil 'Rede' nennt Brinkmann sprachliche Einheit $m\"{u}ndlicher$ oder schriftlicher An, die nicht mehr Bestandteil $h\"{o}herer$ sprachlicher Einheiten sind. Damit man die Rede als ein sprachliches $Gesamtph\"{a}nomen$ verstehen kann, $m\"{u}ssen$ nach H. Brinkmann die folgende drei Momente $n\"{o}tig$ sein: Horizont, Situation und Redefolge. Der Horizont $schlie{\ss}en$ das Kommunikationspartner-$Verh\"{a}ltnis$ zueinander ein, ihre soziale Rolle, ihre Erfahrungen, Erinnerungen, Erwartungen, $n\"{a}turlich$ ihr Vorwissen, alles woran sie denken. Insgesamt ist es ihr Sprachbesitz, der potentiell $verf\"{u}gbar$ ist und jederzeit aktualisiert werden kann. Im Gegensatz dizu ist die ($Gespr\"{a}ch$)situation das $Ma{\ss}$ aller syntaktischen Dingo und die $Schnittfl\"{a}che$ zweier Ordnungen, in ihr begegnen sich Sprache und Welt. Die Redefolge wird die aktualisierte $Sprachph\"{a}nomene$ genannt. Nach H. Brinkmann $mu{\ss}$ an jeder Redeeinheit potentiell Situation, Horizont und Redefolge beteiligt sein. Er subsumiert z. B. Personalpronomina und Possessivpronomina unter die situationbezogene Kategorie, die Indefinita, Negativa, Interrogativa, Konjuntionen ('und','oder','allein (=aber)','sondern', 'denn'...) und Partikel ('doch'...) unter die Horizontkategorie, die anaphorische Pronomina ('der', 'das', 'die', 'or', 'es', 'sie'...) unter die Redefolgekategorie. Man kann aber naturlich diese neue Kategorisierung der Wortarten von Brinkmann kritisieren. Z. B.: Das anaphorische Pronomen hat nicht nur die Funktion der Redefolge, sondern bezieht sich auch auf die Sprechsituation und Horizont. Deswegen ist die Argumentation $f\"{u}r$ die neue Kategorisierung der Wortarten von Brinkmann zu schwach. Die Partikel sind auch nur naiv untersucht worden, obwohl sie manchmal mehrdeutig sein konnen. Trotzdem kann man seine Wortartenlehre als eine wichtige Bedeutung im Sinne der Textlinguistik betrachten, weil or immer an die Textebene denkt.

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Synthesis of Cyclen-Based Copper Complexes as a Potential Estrogen Receptor Ligand (에스트로젠 수용체 리간드로서 사이클렌을 기본 구조로 한 구리 착물의 합성)

  • Park, Jeong-Chan;Pandya, Darpan N.;Jeon, Hak-Rim;Lee, Sang-Woo;Ahn, Byeong-Cheol;Lee, Jae-Tae;Yoo, Jeong-Soo
    • Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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    • v.41 no.4
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    • pp.326-334
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    • 2007
  • Purpose: The estrogen receptor (ER), which is over-expressed in ER-positive breast tumors, has been imaged by positron emission tomography (PET) using $[^{18}F]$ labeled estrogen ligands, especially $[^{18}F]FES$. However, $[^{18}F]$ has relatively short-lived half-life ($t_{1/2}$ =1.8 h) and the labeling yield of radio-fluorination is usually low compared with $^{64}Cu\;(t_{1/2}=12.7\;h)$. 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (cyclen) is used to form stable metal complexes with copper, indium, gallium, and gadolinium. With these in mind, we prepared cyclen-based Cu complexes which mimic estradiol in aspect of two hydroxyl groups. Materials and Methods: 1.7-Protected cyclen, 1.7-bis (benzyloxycarbonyl)-cyclen was synthesized according to the reported procedure. After introducing two 4-benzyloxybenzyl groups at 4,10-positions, the benzyloxycarbonyl and benzyl groups were removed at the same time by hydrogenation on Pd/C to give 1,7-bis(4-hydroxybenzyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (1). Results: The prepared ligand 1 was fully characterized by $^1H,\;^{13}C$ NMR, and mass spectrometer. The synthesized ligand was reacted with copper chloride and copper perchlorate to give copper complexes $[Cu(1)]^{2+}2(CIO_4^-)\;and\;[Cu(1)Cl]^+Cl^-$ which were confirmed by high-resolution mass (FAB). Conclusion: We successfully synthesized a cyclen derivative of which two phenol groups are located on trans position of N-atoms. And, two Cu(ll) complexes of +2 and +1 overall charge, were prepared as a potential PET tracers for ER imaging.

Composite locomotive frontend analysis and optimization using genetic algorithm

  • Rohani, S.M.;Vafaeesefat, A.;Esmkhani, M.;Partovi, M.;Molladavoudi, H.R.
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • v.47 no.5
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    • pp.729-740
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    • 2013
  • This paper addresses the structural design of the front end of Siemens ER24 locomotive body. The steel structure of the frontend is replaced with composite. Optimization of the composite lay-up is performed using Genetic Algorithms. Initially an optimized single design for the entire structure is presented. Then a more refined optimum is developed by considering the separate optimization of 7 separate regions of the structure. Significant savings in the weight of the structure are achieved.

Human Papillomavirus Type 16/18 Oncoproteins: Potential Therapeutic Targets in Non-smoking Associated Lung Cancer

  • Zhang, Er-Ying;Tang, Xu-Dong
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.13 no.11
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    • pp.5363-5369
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    • 2012
  • High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) especially HPV-16 and HPV-18 types are speculated to be important risk factors in non-smoking associated lung cancer in Asia. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that HPV oncoproteins may contribute to lung tumorigenesis and cell transformation. Importantly, HPV 16/18 E6 and E7 oncoproteins can mediate expression of multiple target genes and proteins, such as p53/pRb, VEGF, HIF-$1{\alpha}$, cIAP-2, and hTERT, and contribute to cell proliferation, angiogenesis and cell immortalization through different signaling pathways in lung cancer. This article provides an overview of experiment data on HPV-associated lung cancer, describes the main targets on which HPV E6/E7 oncoproteins act, and further discusses the potential signaling pathways in which HPV E6/E7 oncoproteins are involved. In addition, we also raise questions regarding existing problems with the study of HPV-associated lung cancer.

Sawdust gasification characterization in down-draft type pilot gasifier (Down-draft type 파일럿 가스화로에서의 톱밥 가스화 특성)

  • Min, Tai-Jin;Keel, Sang-In;Yun, Jin-Han;Kim, Woo-Hyun;Roh, Seon-Ah
    • 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2008.05a
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    • pp.256-259
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    • 2008
  • The gasification of biomass, sawdust, was carried out in order to investigate gasification characteristics. The experiment was performed using a down-draft fixed bed gasifier to surpass tar components generation in the gasification process. In the experiments, we investigated synthetic gas composition by varying reaction temperature, steam/carbon ratio, and excess ratio (ER), respectively. Higher reaction temperature, $700^{\circ}C$ to $900^{\circ}C$, could obtain higher $H_2$ yield. However, we could not obtain any meaning data by varying S/C ratio. Using $O_2$-LNG burner in the top of the gasifier may surpass water-gas shift reaction by increasing $CO_2$ concentration from the LNG-$O_2$ combustion reaction.

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ASSESSMENT OF URANS AND DES SIMULATIONS FOR TWO-DIMENSIONAL BACKWARD FACING STEP FLOW (2차원 후항계단유동에 대한 URANS와 DES의 수치해석 평가)

  • Song C.S.;Park S.O.
    • Journal of computational fluids engineering
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    • v.11 no.2 s.33
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    • pp.25-31
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    • 2006
  • A two-dimensional backward facing step flow is simulated by using URANS and Detached Eddy Simulations(DES) approaches. Turbulence models adopted for URANS and DES simulations are Spalart-Allmaras(S-A) model and Shear Stress Transport(SST) model. The target flow with ER=1.125, $Re_H=37,500$ is experimentally studied by Driver & Seegmiller. Various versions of DES have been tested in this paper. Results of the simulations are compared with the experimental data available to evaluate the merits and demerits of URANS and several versions of DES. URANS simulation converges to a steady state and hence unsteady characteristics are not featured. DES simulations in general successfully mimic large scale structures and oscillation characteristics of the flow.

W rme-und Elektrische Leitfahigkeitsmessungen von Pyrokohlenstoff bei Hohen Temperaturen (高溫에 있어서의 Pyrokohlenstoff의 熱 및 電氣傳導度測定)

  • B. Rhee;H. Saihune
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.15 no.5
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    • pp.246-255
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    • 1971
  • In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde eine nach der von LLEWELLYN/HOPKINS entwickelten Direktheizmethode modifizierte Versuchsanlage konstruiert und zu Warme- und elektrische Leitfahigkeitsmessungen von Pyrokohlenstoff bei hohen Temperaturen verwendet. Die gemessenen Werte der Warme- und elektrischen Leitfahigkeit fur die bei der Abscheidung von Pyrokohlenstoff bei der Temperaturen von $1500^{\circ}$ bis $1700^{\circ}C$ erhaltenen Normal- und Spiralpyrokohlenstoff wurden mit den Literaturwerten des Hochregenerativpyrokohlenstoffes verglichen. Es wurden gefunden, da${\beta}$ der Spiralpyrokohlenstoff nicht nur eine bessere Warme- und elektrische Leitfahigkeit hat als der Normalpyrokohlenstoff, sondern auch er zu dem bei $2100^{\circ}$ abgeschiedenen Hochregenerativpyrokohlenstoff uberwiegend konkurrieren konnte.

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Analysis of MPLS Traffic Engineering on Internet (인터넷망의 MPLS 트래픽 엔지니어링 기술 동향)

  • Chung, M.Y.;Yang, S.H.;Lee, Y.K.
    • Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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    • v.15 no.5 s.65
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    • pp.115-124
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    • 2000
  • 본 논문에서 차세대 인터넷에서 고품질 서비스를 제공할 수 있는 MPLS 트래픽 엔지니어링의 핵심기술 및 MPLS 시스템의 개발 동향에 대하여 살펴본다. MPLS 트래픽 엔지니어링을 위한 주요 기능으로는 QoS Path 계산/MPLS 신호 프로토콜/QoS 패킷 분류와 분배 기능 등이 있다. QoS Path 계산은 Off-line과 On-line 방식을 통하여 최적의 QoS 경로를 선택하는 기능으로 상호 보완적인 관계에 있으며, MPLS 신호 프로토콜은 LDP에 기반한 CR-LDP와 RSVP에 기반한 RSVP-TE의 두 가지 프로토콜이 IETF에서 표준화 진행중에 있으나 지속적인 보완으로 기술적 우열을 가리기 어려운 상태에 있다. 향후 중점 연구 및 개발 사항으로 네트워크 장애시의 빠른 경로 복구와 부하 분산 등을 통해 네트워크 운용 및 서비스 신뢰도 향상시킬 수 있는 ER-LSP Protection 방법에 대한 연구 및 MPLS 트래픽 엔지니어링을 통한 인터넷망의 고속화 및 안정화를 위해서는 트래픽 엔지니어링 서버에 대한 개발이 요구된다. 또한, QoS 패킷의 분류 및 다양한 응용 서비스 제공을 위해서는 네트워크 프로세스를 이용한 고성능 전달 엔진에 대한 연구가 절실히 요구된다.

Schottky barrier Thin-Film-Transistors crystallized by Excimer laser annealing and solid phase crystallization method (ELA 결정화와 SPC 결정화를 이용한 쇼트키 장벽 다결정 실리콘 박막 트랜지스터)

  • Shin, Jin-Wook;Choi, Chel-Jong;Cho, Won-Ju
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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    • 2008.06a
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    • pp.129-130
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    • 2008
  • Polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) Schottky barrier thin film transistors (SB-TFT) are fabricated by erbium silicided source/drain for n-type SB-TFT. High quality poly-Si film were obtained by crystallizing the amorphous Si film with excimer laser annealing (ELA) or solid phase crystallization (SPC) method. The fabricated poly-Si SB-TFTs have a large on/off current ratio with a low leakage current. Moreover, the electrical characteristics of poly-Si SB TFTs are significantly improved by the additional forming gas annealing in 2 % $H_2/N_2$, because the interface trap states at the poly-Si grain boundaries and at the gate oxide/poly-Si channel decreased.

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Konrad Fiedlers Theorie der bildenden Kunst und moderns abstrakte Malerei (콘라트 피들러의 조형예술론과 현대 추상회화)

  • Park Jung-Gi
    • Journal of Science of Art and Design
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    • v.4
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    • pp.147-171
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    • 2002
  • Dieser Aufsatz ist ein Versuch, Konrad Fiedlers Theorien der bilden Kunst von ihrem kunstphilosophischen Ansatz her systematisch zu rekonstruieren und ihre Bedeutung fur die Entwicklung der modernen abstrakten Malerei klar darzulegen. Fiedler $z\"{a}hlt$ zwar zu den theoretischen Wegbreitern der abstrakten Malerei, aber in dieser Beziehung linden sick bisher nor wenige $zusammenh\"{a}ngende$ $Er\"{a}rterungen$ seiner Arbeiten. Yon der Ansicht ausgehend versucht der Verfasser die Kerngedanken seiner kunstphilosophischen Lehren in semen Haupschriften, <$\"{U}ber$ den Ursprung der kunstlerischen $T\"{a}tigkeit$>, <$\"{U}ber$ die Beurteilung von Werken do, bildenden Kunst> sowie $k\"{u}nstlerische$ Wahrheit> usw., kritisch zu analysieren und zosammenfassend darzustellen. Dabei handelt es sich letztlich darum, in seiner Bestimmung des Wesens der bildenden Kunst als 'freier Gestalting der reinen Sichtbarkeit' den Anhaltspunkt $f\"{u}r$ abstrakten Malerei herauszufinden, die in der gegestandslosen ihren $H\"{o}hepunkt$ erreicht.

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