• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.421-426
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of timing of nutrient starvation during transplant production on growth of runner plants and yield of strawberry 'Seolhyang' (Fragaria ${\times}$ ananassa). Nutrient solution supply at the level of EC (electrical conductivity) 0.8 $dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ was terminated at interval about 10 days between July 25 and September 5. As a result, the growth of above-ground part was inhibited while root growth increased when the nutrient starvation treatment had been brought forward to July 25. It also reduced the T/R ratio significantly and chlorophyll content was tended to be lower than the other treatment. In addition, it significantly promoted the budding, flowering and harvest of first flower cluster. On the other hand, the period of harvest was delayed more than two weeks when the nutrients were continuously supplied after the middle of August. An accumulated marketable fruit yield per plant until the end of January and February was 169 and 266g, respectively in the treatment of nutrient starvation on July 25, which was 71 and 12% increase, respectively, as compared with those in the treatment of September 5. Therefore, the appropriate nutrient starvation in the late season of strawberry nursery period could be expected the increase in yield and income during the winter season by promoting the flower bud differentiation as reducing the endogenous nitrate level of the plantlet.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.667-676
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• 2008

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of various Lactobacilli strains on growth performance, intestinal microflora, ileal villi development and ileal mucosal surface of broiler chickens. Six hundred 1-d-old male chicks(Avian) were randomly divided into five groups of four replicates, each replicates containing 30 birds and fed corn-soybean meal diets containing Latobaillus were isolated from cecum of chichens at 107cfu/g diet for five weeks. The treatments were control(antibiotics-free diet), Lactobacillus crispatus avibro1(LCB), Lactobacillus reuteri avibro2(LRB), Lactobacillus crispatus avihen1(LCH) or Lactobacillus vaginalis avihen2(LVH). The body weight gain in groups fed Lactobacillus significantly improved as compared to those of control(P<0.05). Feed intake was not statistically different among the groups. The number of Lactobacillus in ileum and cecum of chicks fed various Lactobacillus tended to be increased or significantly increased as compared to those of the control(P<0.05), but there was difference by age of chicks and species of Lactobacillus. The number of yeast was significantly increased in cecum and ileum at three weeks old chicks fed Lactobacilli compared with the control(P<0.05). The anaerobes’ number of ileum and cecum tended to increase or significantly increased in Lactobacillus treatments compared with the control(P<0.05). The ileal villi length extended greatly at three weeks of age in groups fed Lactobacillus compared with the control(P<0.05). The length of ileal villi in chicks fed Lactobacillus was continuously increased up to five weeks of age, but did not increased in the control(P<0.05). Lactobacillus was found on ileal mucosal surface. And ileal mucosal surface was maintained better with Latobacillus feeding. These results suggest the possibility that cecal Lactobacillus of chickens could be used as probiotics by improving the growth performance and promoting development of ileal villi in broiler chicks.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.1373-1377
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• 2010

Coastal sand-dune plants can survive very effectively with the help of various microbes, especially ecto- and endomycorrihizae. Penicillium citrinum KACC43900 was screened according to growth promoting activity on sand-dune plants Calystegia soldanella and Ischaemum anthephoroides. In this study, coastal sand-dune plants were treated with a fungal culture filtrate of endophytic fungus P. citrinum KACC43900 to confirm the promotion of plant growth. C. soldanella and I. anthephoroides were used as representative coastal sand-dune plants, and their shoot length, plant length, and dry weight were analyzed. The shoot lengths of control C. soldanella and I. anthephoroides were 8.60 cm and 8.12 cm, and those of samples treated with fungal culture filtrates of C. soldanella and I. anthephoroides for 20 days were 16.30 cm and 10.56 cm, respectively. The plant lengths of control C. soldanella and I. anthephoroides were 14.90 cm and 14.80 cm, and those of samples treated with fungal culture filtrates of C. soldanella and I. anthephoroides for 20 days were 24.06 cm and 17.06 cm, respectively. The dry weight of C. soldanella and I. anthephoroides treated with fungal culture filtrates of C. soldanella and I. anthephoroides for 20 days were 0.163 g and 0.032 g, respectively. It was shown that the growth of shoots in C. soldanella and I. anthephoroides was promoted, 89.54% and 29.60%, by culture filtrate of P. citrinum KACC43900.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.785-804
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• 1997

It was well known that calcium sulfate was biocompatible, resorbed rapidly in the body, had potential as a good barrier membrane. Platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF) was one of polypeptide growth factor that had been reported as a biological mediator which regulates activities of wound healing process including the cell proliferation, migration and metabolism. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a combination of calcium sulfate and PDGF on periodontal ligament cells in vitro to use as a regeneration promoting agent of periodontal tissue. Human periodontal ligament cells were prepared from the premolar tooth extracted for the orthodontic treatment. Cells were cultured in ${\alpha}-MEM$ contained with 20% FBS, at the $37^{\circ}C$, 100% of humidity, 5% $Co_2$ incubator. Cells were inoculated and cultured into 96 well culture plate with $1{\times}10^4cells/well$ of ${\alpha}-MEM$ for 1 day. After discarding the medium, those cells were cultured in ${\alpha}-MEM$ contained with 10% FBS alone(control group), in calcium sulfate(calcium sulfate group), in calcium sulfate treated with 15ng/ml of PDGF-BB(calcium sulfate+PDGF group), in ${\alpha}-MEM$ contained with 10% FBS treated with 15ng/ml of PDGF-BB(PDGF group) for 1, 2, 3 day respectively. And then each group was characterized by examining of the cell counting, MTT assay, collagen synthesis. The results were as follows. 1. In the analysis of cell proliferation by cell counting, both calcium sulfate group and calcium sulfate plus PDGF group showed no stastically significant difference compared to control group, but there was stastically significant difference between PDGF group and calcium sulfate group at 1, 2 day(P<0.05). 2. In the analysis of cell proliferation by MTT assay in calcium sulfate extracts, both calcium sulfate group and calcium sulfate plus PDGF group showed no stastically significant difference compared to control group, but there was stastically significant difference between PDGF group and calcium sulfate group at 2, 3 day, and between calcium sulfate plus PDGF group and calcium sulfate group at 2 day(P

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.388-398
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• 2020

Watermelon yield mainly depends on soil water content controlled by irrigation in a plastic greenhouse. In this study, we investigated the effect of different soil moisture contents affected by irrigation starting point on growth, yield, and physiological responses of small-sized watermelons. Irrigation was initiated at 5 different levels of soil water content as a starting point with soil moisture detecting sensor after 14 days of transplanting, and stopped at 7 ~ 10 days before harvest. These treatments were compared with the conventional periodic irrigation as control. When soil had the lowest moisture content (-50 kPa), the overall shoot growth was retarded, but the root length and root dry weight increased. The photosynthetic parameters (photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate) of watermelon leaves decreased significantly in the lowest soil moisture content (-50 kPa). On the other hand, the photosynthetic rates of watermelon leaves grown with irrigation starting point between -20 and -40 kPa were observed to be higher than those of other treatments. Fruit set rate and marketable fruit yield increased significantly at -30 kPa and -40 kPa. Proline, abscisic acid (ABA), total phenol and citrulline, which are known to contribute to stress tolerance under drought condition, increased as soil water content decreased, particularly, the largest increases were recorded at -50 kPa. From these results, it was found that an appropriate water supply adjusted with an irrigation starting point between -30 and -40 kPa could help to keep favorable soil water content during the cultivation of small-sized watermelons, promoting the marketable fruit production as well as inducing the vigorous plant growth and reproductive development.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.185-196
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• 2008

This Study was conducted to evaluate the effect of liquid fertilizer containing medium of on growth of shoot and root in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds. cv. Pennlixs). According to application method of liquid fertilizer, the experiment plot was designed as follows; NF : non-fertilizer; CF : compound fertilizer(21-17-17) only; T500, T300, T100 : compound fertilizer +liquid fertilizer solution diluted 500, 300, 100 folds, respective; L500 : only liquid fertilizer solution which contained the medium of Lactobacillus confusa and Pichia anomala diluted 500 folds. The every treatments was arranged by a completely randomized complete block designs with three replications. The order of turf qualities like leaf color index and chlorophyll content in treatments showed T500 T300 T100 $\geq$ CF > NF. In treatment applied with compound fertilizer, the dry weight of shoot increased by about 13% in T500, T300 and T100 than CF, and that of root about 25% in just T300. Dry weight of shoot and root increased by 88% and 44% in L500 than NF, respectively. As compared with CF, T/R ratio in T500, T300 and T100 increased by 20%, 11% and 21%, respectively and root length 7%, 8% and 3%. In comparison with NF, T/R ratio and root length in L500 increased by 39% and 74%. These results suggested that the application of liquid fertilizer containing medium of Lactobacillus confusa and Pichia anomala induced the development of turf quality and growth by promoting root growth in creeping bentgrass.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.285-293
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• 2018

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of height suppression of cucumber and tomato plug seedlings as affected by mechanical stimulus using brushing as environment-friendly method. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. 'Joeunbaekdadagi') and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. 'Mini Chal') seeds were sown in 40-cell plug trays ($54{\times}27.5{\times}5cm$) filled with growing medium on Oct. 9, 2017. The cultivation environment in a venlo-type glasshouse was maintained as cultivation temperature range of $15-25^{\circ}C$ and the relative humidity of $50{\pm}10%$. Nontreatment and diniconazole ($7.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) application at 15 days after sowing were used as the control. In addition, brushing treatments in cucumber and tomato were applied interval of 2, 4 or 6 hrs for 15 and 20 days, respectively. Plant height, hypocotyl length, and internode length were inhibited for cucumber and tomato in the diniconazole treatment than in the control. The leaf size was reduced, both cucumber and tomato, while the SPAD increased under the diniconazole treatment. However, stem diameter of cucumber was the thickest in the 2 hrs brushing interval treatment. Fresh weights of shoot and root were the significantly lowest in the diniconazole treatment. Application of brushing improved seedlings quality by promoting dry weights of shoot and root, and compactness of tomato seedlings. The chlorophyll fluorescence of tomato seedlings drastically decreased with 2 hrs treatment, indicating that mechanical stress by brushing treatment. The relative growth rate of tomato seedlings was significantly lower in the diniconazole treatment, but cucumber seedlings were not significantly different in all treatments. As a results, height suppression of cucumber and tomato seedlings was best achievement in the diniconazole treatment by the chemical as growth regulator. In an environment-friendly point of view, however, it is considered that 2 hrs brushing interval treatment can be the applicability for replacing the chemical methods in plug seedling growth of cucumber and tomato.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.10-18
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• 2021

Acclimatization after grafting and graft-take that in order to produce plug seedlings of high-quality are important plug seedling stage which not reduce the plug seedlings quality before shipment. Appropriate acclimatization environment can not only increase seedling quality before secondary growth period, but also effective in promoting the growth of plug seedlings. This study was conducted to determine the optimal the shading period and shading level for acclimatization of tomato and pepper grafted plug seedlings after graft-take. The tomato and pepper seedlings were used in this experiment, and after graft-take, a tunnel was installed on a bed in glasshouse of venlo type to started shading treatment. The shading levels were 35, 55, 75 and 95%, and the shading periods were 1 and 2 weeks, and non-treatment was set as the control. In the case of tomato grafted plug seedling, plant height, stem diameter, dry weight of root, leaf area were significantly higher at the shading period of 1 week and the shading level was 55%. In the case of pepper grafted plug seedling, plant height, stem diameter, and leaf area were the highest in the shading period of 2 weeks and the shading level was 35%. However, dry weight of root, compactness, and T/R ratio, which seedling quality indicators, were lower than in the shading period of 1 week and the shading level 55%. Therefore, considering the quality of seedlings, it is suggested that shading period of 1 week with shading level of 55% treatment can be suitable to produce high quality grafted plug seedlings of tomato and pepper.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.245-253
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• 2024

We investigated to analyze total flavonoid content and fatty acid composition of Stachys sieboldii Miq root. In order to determine antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of fractions from S. sieboldii Miq. root, we conducted 1.1-Diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radical cation (ABTS) assays for antioxidant and measured nitric oxide (NO) production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, we examined an inhibitory effect of fractions from S. sieboldii Miq. root on smad signaling induced by transforming growth factor (TGF) β. Among the fractions, n-butanol (n-BuOH) fraction showed the highest flavonoid content (16.67 mg/g), followed by n-Hexane, water and 85% aqueous methanol (85% aq. MeOH) fractions. The fatty acid composition of S. sieboldii Miq. root was in the following order : n-6 fatty acids (54.3%) > n-3 fatty acids (21.2%) > saturated fatty acids (19.7%) > n-9 fatty acids (3.6%). As a result of the antioxidant efficacy, the DPPH and ABTS assays showed that n-BuOH fraction had higher scavenging activity compared to other fractions. Inhibitory effect on NO production showed that all fractions decreased LPS-induced NO production, indicating an anti-inflammatory activity of S. sieboldii Miq. root. 85% aq. MeOH and water fractions showed a higher efficacy in inhibiting transforming growth factor (TGF) β induced smad signaling. From the results, it suggests that food processing products using S. sieboldii Miq. root will be developed as a functional food for promoting health.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.91-129
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• 2024

The Bank of Korea, through a legal amendment in 2011 following the financial crisis, was entrusted with the additional responsibility of financial stability beyond its existing mandate of price stability. Since then, concerns have been raised about the prolonged increase in household debt compared to income conditions, which could constrain consumption and growth and increase the possibility of a crisis in the event of negative economic shocks. The current accumulation of financial imbalances suggests a critical period for the government and central bank to be more vigilant, ensuring it does not impede the stable flow of our financial and economic systems. This study examines the applicability of the Integrated Inflation Targeting (IIT) framework proposed by the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) for macro-financial stability in promoting long-term economic stability. Using VAR models, the study reveals a clear increase in risk appetite following interest rate cuts after the financial crisis, leading to a rise in household debt. Additionally, analyzing the central bank's conduct of monetary policy from 2000 to 2021 through DSGE models indicates that the Bank of Korea has operated with a form of IIT, considering both inflation and growth in its policy decisions, with some responsiveness to the increase in household debt. However, the estimation of a high interest rate smoothing coefficient suggests a cautious approach to interest rate adjustments. Furthermore, estimating the optimal interest rate rule to minimize the central bank's loss function reveals that a policy considering inflation, growth, and being mindful of household credit conditions is superior. It suggests that the policy of actively adjusting the benchmark interest rate in response to changes in economic conditions and being attentive to household credit situations when household debt is increasing rapidly compared to income conditions has been analyzed as a desirable policy approach. Based on these findings, we conclude that the integrated inflation targeting framework proposed by the BIS could be considered as an alternative policy system that supports the stable growth of the economy in the medium to long term.