• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.20-28
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• 1999

Nine soil media when placed over a plastic sheet with three seeding rates were evaluated for influence on covering rate, height, growth, surface hardness, tear strength and sod establishment of Kentucky bluegrass. 1. Bark, peat and vermiculite over a plastic sheet had good effect in terms of the establishment of Kentucky bluegrass sod. 2. The good establishment of Kentucky bluegrass sod grown on bark, peat and vermiculite over a plastic sheet seemed to be caused by physical and chemical properties of each soil medium. 3. Sand, sandy loam, perlite and peatmoss caused poor effects on the covering rate, the growth, and the tear strength of Kentucky bluegrass. 4. Optimum seeding rate was $10g/m^2$ in terms of density and competition. 5. Good quality sod more depended on soil media than on seeding rates in this study.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.104-108
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• 2002

This study was carried to investigate suitable additive materials and its mixing ratio in pot cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus. The main substrate for Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation was poplar sawdust plus with waste cotton at the ratio 1 : 1 (v/v). Using pot diameter and substrate weight were 12 cm and 1 kg/pot, respectively. The higher amount of additives resulted in higher total nitrogen content and C/N ratio of substrate also decreased according to increasing mixing ratio of additives. The supplementation of cotton seed flour more than 20% caused the failure of devolopment of fruit body. The hardness of substrate in supplementation of rice bran after mycelial growth was highest any other additives. The ratio of harvest was highest in supplementation of beet pulp, $75{\sim}85%$. The fruit bodies yield and biological efficiency of supplemented with 20% beet pulp were highest during second flush.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.254-260
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• 2016

Doenjang samples were prepared by inoculation of multiple starters consisting of two Bacillus spp., one yeast, and one fungus. Doenjang A was fermented with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens EMD17, B. amyloliquefaciens MJ1-4, Pichia farinosa SY80, and Rhizopus oryzae. Doenjang B and C were fermented with the same yeast and fungus but different Bacillus strains; namely, B. amyloliquefaciens EMD17 and B. subtilis CH3-5 for doenjang B, and B. amyloliquefaciens MJ1-4 and B. subtilis CH3-5 for doenjang C. Doenjang D was fermented with microorganisms present in rice straw (control). The doenjang samples were spiked with B. cereus ATCC14579 at two different levels, 10⁴ CFU/g doenjang (I) and 10⁷ CFU/g doenjang (II). All eight doenjang samples were fermented for 70 days at 25℃. Growth of B. cereus was inhibited in doenjang A, B, and C, with the bacterial cell count after 70 days being less than the initial 10⁴ CFU/g added, whereas B. cereus was not inhibited in doenjang D. Doenjang B showed the strongest inhibitory activity against B. cereus, with a cell count of less than 10³ CFU/g after 42 days, even when B. cereus was initially added at 10⁷ CFU/g. Some properties of the doenjang samples, such as pH, TA, and amino-type nitrogen content, were similar to those of doenjang fermented with starters only. The results indicate that carefully selected starters can effectively prevent the growth of B. cereus during doenjang fermentation.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.102-107
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• 1985

A pot experiment was conducted to find out the effects of water management, slaked lime and wollastonite on growth and Cu uptake of rice at Cu added soil. The soil was adjusted to 0, 50, 100 and 200 ppm concentration of Cu. The application amount of slaked lime was the lime requirement plus 150 ㎏/l0a and wollastonite 200 ㎏/10a, respectively. The copper concentration in soil which reduced yield significantly was 133.1 ppm for submersion and 136.8 ppm for intermittent irrigation. The application of lime and wollastonite reduced Cu content in brown rice as well as increased rice yields compared to that of no lime. The copper content in plant was increased with increasing soil Cu concentration, however, reduced with submersion and application of slaked lime, and increased with increasing the ratio of Cu/Ca+Mg equivalent in soil.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 1983

This experiment was carried out in order to know the relationship between morphological characters and dry matter yield at vegetative growth stage in Meadow fescue grown under plant basis. 1. The dry weight of a plant (PW) indicated positive significant correlation with plant height (pH), leaf area (LA) and stem area (SA). It means that increase in dry of a plant was resulted from interactions among above morphological characters. 2. Stem area (SA) is an important morphological character for increasing the dry weight of a plant. 3. The varieties could be classified into 3 types based on plant type index (PTI, dry weight of a plant/ (no. of tiller)$^2$), it were M in tiller weight type, Leto, First and Trader in medium type and, Bundy and Tammisto in tiller number type, respectively. 4. The variety with tiller weight type had more havier tiller and larger stem thickness than those of variety with tiller number type. But, tiller number type showed higher plant height. 5. In order to obtain the highest yield in tiller weight type, there were necessary to increasing the number of tillers and higher plant height.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.177-183
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• 2012

To develop the practical cultivation for paddy field, we investigated the properties of paddy soil, growth characteristics and ginsenoside content of 6-year-old ginseng, Cheonpung variety between poor drainage class (PDC) and imperfect drainage class (IDC). Groundwater level in PDC showed monthly small changes of 20~30 cm, while IDC showed monthly great changes of 28~71 cm depending on rainfall. Soil moisture content in PDC and IDC was 17.2%, 22.5%, respectively. Air temperature in IDC was lower than $0.3^{\circ}C$, while soil temperature was higher than $0.8^{\circ}C$ compare to PDC, respectively. Main soil color of PDC was grayish olive, while IDC was brownish olive. PDC showed yellowish mottles only at underground of 20~40 cm, while IDC showed that at underground of 30~90 cm. IDC showed lower pH, EC, potassium, calcium and magnesium content, but higher organic matter, phosphate, and iron content than that of PDC, respectively. All of EC, organic matter, potassium, calcium, and magnesium content were decreased, but iron content was increased at the subsoil layers of PDC. All of EC, organic matter, phosphorus, and potassium content were decreased, but calcium and magnesium content were increased at the subsoil layers of IDC. Root yield in IDC was more increased by 33% than that of PDC. The moisture content and rusty ratio of ginseng root in IDC were lower than that of PDC. Ginsenoside content in IDC was higher than that of PDC because the ratio of lateral and fine root showing relatively high content of ginsenoside was higher in IDC than that of PDC.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.268-273
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• 2014

$Y_2O_3$ ceramic specimens were fabricated from the granular powder, obtained by spray drying process from the slurry. The slurry was prepared by mixing PVA binder, NaOH for Ph control, PEG and $Y_2O_3$ powder. The $Y_2O_3$ specimen was shaped in size of ${\phi}14mm$ and then sintered at $1650^{\circ}C$. The characteristics, microstructure, densities and plasma resistance of the $Y_2O_3$ specimens were investigated with the function of forming pressure and sintering time. $Y_2O_3$ specimens were exposed under the $CHF_3/O_2/Ar$ plasma, the dry etching treatment of specimens was carried out by the physical reaction etching of $Ar^+$ ion beam and the chemical reaction etching of $F^-$ ion decomposed from $CHF_3$. With increasing sintering time, $Y_2O_3$ specimens showed relatively high density and strong resistance in plasma etching test.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.398-404
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• 1993

This study was conducted in order to obtain the information for yield improvement in saline paddy. Saline concentration, growth and yield of rice, being subjected to different flooding times and days to transplanting were investigated in saline paddy with 0.35 % and 0.5 % salt concentration. Saline concentration of soil was increased to 0.41 % just after rotary in the paddy with 0.35 % salinity, but decreased to 0.20 % after 3 to 4 times of flooding treatment. And also that of surface water was decreased from 0.2 % to 0.11 %. Saline concentration of soil in 5cm depth was decreased to 0.31 % by one time flooding and to 0.22% by 3～4 times flooding but salinity below 7cm depth showed slight decrease. Seedling death was exceeded 37 % when transplanted one day after rotary in the paddy with 0.35% salinity. Death ratio was decreased to 20% by three times flooding and transplanting six days after rotary. In paddy with 0.5 % salinity, death ratio was high but the tendency was very similar to 0.35 % field. In 0.35 % saline paddy field, yields were increased by 14 % by three times flooding and transplanting six days after rotary as compared to one time flooding and transplanting are day after rotary. Therefore, 3 to 4 times flooding and transplanting 5 to 6 days after rotary are desirable in high saline paddy.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.129-135
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• 2019

Juvenile Paralichthys olivaceus (mean weight 685.3±36.7 g) were raised in different and closed recirculating bio-floc system (control, bio-ball, and shelter) for 7 months. The water environment such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, pH, and alkalinity according to the difference of closed recirculating system remained stable during the rearing period. No significant changes were observed in dissolved inorganic nitrogen such as ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate were observed in different closed recirculation system. The final weights according to the difference of closed recirculating were 1,524 g (control), 1,674 g (bio-ball), and 1,630 g (shelter). The survival rate was higher than 98%, and the final FCRs (Feed coefficient ratio) were 1.2, 1.1, and 1.2. The results of this study indicated high growth and survival rate in all systems.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.165-169
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• 2010

The cityward tendency of the population caused the building crowd and the skyscrapers, and destroyed the cityscape and ecosystem of the city. For this reason, many researchers studied to make more green spaces in the city. The roof greening is one of the methods to get the green spaces in the city. There are some problems in this method such as the safety load, growth of the plants on the artificial foundation, and so on. In this study, we evaluated the waste woodchips and the waste papers as a new materials for the artificial foundation. The new artificial foundation was made of the waste woodchips and the waste papers with the different ratio of mixture (woodchips, paper slurry, and fertilizer). The artificial foundation was applied to the planting of three different plants (creeping bentgrass, barley, and wheat). It was found that the growth of the plants with 1% of fertilizer was higher than other conditions. The best making condition of foundation was 40% pulp and 60% woodchips in the germination of all plants.