• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.393-400
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• 2012

The study was conducted to examine the effects of partially replacing soybean meal (SBM) by solid-state fermented cottonseed meal (FCSM) on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters and immune function of broilers. After inoculated with Bacillus subtilis BJ-1 for 48 h, the content of free gossypol in cottonseed meal was decreased from 0.82 to 0.21 g/kg. A total of 600, day-old male yellow-feathered broilers were randomly divided into four groups with three replicates of 50 chicks each. A corn-SBM based control diet was formulated and the experimental diets included 4, 8 or 12% FCSM, replacing SBM. Throughout the experiment, broilers fed 8% FCSM had higher (p<0.05) body weight gain than those fed 0, 4 and 12% FCSM. The feed intake in 8% FCSM group was superior (p<0.05) to other treatments from d 21 to 42. On d 21, the concentration of serum immunoglobin M in the 4% and 8% FCSM groups, as well as the content of complements (C3, C4) in 8% FCSM group were greater (p<0.05) than those in the SBM group. Besides, birds fed 8% FCSM had increased (p<0.05) serum immunoglobin M, immunoglobulin G and complement C4 levels on d 42 compared with bird fed control diet. No differences (p>0.05) were found between treatments regarding the serum biochemical parameters and the relative weights of immune organs. In conclusion, FCSM can be used in broiler diets at up to 12% of the total diet and an appropriate replacement of SBM with FCSM may improve growth performance and immunity in broilers.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.131-134
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• 2006

The culture conditions for the enhanced mycelial of Clavicorona pyxidata DGUM 29005 were investigated. The optimal temperature and pH for the mycelial growth were $24^{\circ}C$ and 5.0, respectively. It was shown that trehalose was the best supplement of carbon sources in Czapek-Dox medium as a minimal medium for enhanced mycelial growth. In general, inorganic nitrogen sources were better than organic ones for mycelial growth. Calcium nitrate was the best out of the inorganic nitrogen test. The appropriate phosphorous and vitamin were $Na_2HPO_4$ and p-aminobenzoic acid, respectively. After the mycelial of C. pyxidata DGUM 29005 was cultivated at $24^{\circ}C$ for 20 days in MEM broth(pH 5.0), the specific activities of both exomycelial and endomycelial enzymes were determined. Among the exomycelial enzyme assayed, the specific activity of laccase was much higher than those of other enzymes. However, little or no enzyme activities of ${\alpha}$-amylase, chitinase, lipase and pretense were found.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2004

Distribution and in vitro growth characteristics of entomopathogenic Paecilomyces species were studied based on the specimens and isolates deposited in Entomopathogenic Fungal Culture Collection (EFCC), Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea. Paecilomyces species were frequently collected from different mountains and valleys and were almost distributed uniformly. Collection period of Paecilomyces species ranged from July to September, with most of the collections at the end of September. P. tenuipes was mostly collected one among different Paecilomyces species. The optimum medium for mycelial growth of P. tenuipes was PDA, whereas in other media such as SDAY and HMA also produced similar growth. The optimum temperature and pH levels were $25^{\circ}C$ and 6.0~7.0, respectively. Best carbon and nitrogen sources were dextrose and tryptone, respectively, while $KH_2PO_4$ was the best mineral source for mycelial growth. Highest mycelial growth was observed when the C/N ratio was 20:1.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 1990

The growth and fermentation profiles of Clostridium acetobutylicum KCTC 1037 were examined in batch and continuous modes with pH variation and phosphate limitation. Clostridium acetobutylicum KCTC 10 37 grew better at pH 4.5 than at pH 5.5 or 6.5. Acetate and butyrate were produced at pH 5.5, whereas culture at pH 4.5 produced acetone and butanol. Solvent production was increased by the phosphate limitation in a batch culture, but in a phosphate-limited continuous culture for 400 hours steady-state solventogenesis was not observed. The induction and maintenance of solventogenesis presumably require not only acidic condition or phosphate limitation but also favourable bioenergetic condition.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1616-1621
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• 2007

Off-flavors and odors in fermented cucumbers result from the growth of undesirable microorganisms during the secondary fermentation. Under laboratory conditions using a sterile fermented cucumber slurry medium, the spoilage fermentations were reproduced. Using this system the salt and pH conditions that allow the spoilage to occur were determined by varying the NaCl concentration and pH of the slurry medium. At pH 3, no spoilage was observed, regardless of the salt concentration, while at pH 3.5, pH 4, and pH 4.5, spoilage occurred in the 0 and 2% NaCl samples. For pH 5.0 samples, spoilage products were seen for all NaCl treatments. Based on these results the Preservation Prediction Chart was developed. The Chart may be used for selection of proper pH value and salt concentration for long term storage of fermented cucumber.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.186-195
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• 2016

We investigated phytoplankton and vertical inorganic nutrients at two stations around water of Ulleungdo and Dokdo in the East Sea, Korea. Nutrient addition experiments (+N, +P, +NP and +Fe) were also conducted to determine the growth response and nutrient consumption of the phytoplankton assemblage using the surface water of St. UD3 and St.50. In the field, although inorganic nutrients were low in the euphotic layer, these nutrients were increased at depths below 100 m. The total phytoplankton abundances in St. UD3 and St.50 were $4.9{\times}10^5cells\;L^{-1}$ and $1.9{\times}10^5cells\;L^{-1}$, respectively. The dominant species at St. UD3 was observed to be Raphidophyta Heterosigma akashiwo, Cryptophyta Crytomonas spp., and diatom Leptocylindrus danicus, while L. danicus and H. akashiwo including small diatom species Chaetoceros socialis were dominant at St. 50. In the nutrient addition experiments, phytoplankton growth (in vivo flourescence) in the +N and +NP treatment was 2-3 times higher than that in the +P treatment, indicating that the natural phytoplankton can respond to pulsed nutrient loading events. In addition, in vivo fluorescence in +Fe treatment was not statistically (p>0.05) different from that of the non-Fe treatments, indicating that the phytoplankton growth response in +Fe treatment was not significant. Dominant H akashiwo and L. danicus in the field showed a rapid response in nutrient additional bio-algal assay, particularly L. danicus in the +Fe treatments.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.155-160
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• 1975

Growth responses of lettuce seeds germinated in aqueous solutions of $SO_2$ were investigated for mode of action studies of this gas. The concentration and pH of $SO_2$ solution greatly affected the growth of germinating seeds. Root growth was more sensitive to $SO_2$ than hypocotyl growth. The sensitivity of total seedling growth lay between root and hypocotyl growth. Growth inhibition of germinating seeds appeared more serioius when $SO_2$ was added during the early stage of germination.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.516-516
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• 1993

This study was carried out to develop an environment -controlled vegetable growth system. The control objects considered were light, temperature, humidity, $CO_2$ concentration and the conditions of nutrient solution such as pH , EC and dissolved oxygen. A monitoring system was developed to measure the above environmental factors, fresh weight and $CO_2$consumption rate. The overall performance of the developed system was reasonably acceptable for vegetable growth. by the lettuce growing test, it was shown that the developed system had a good repeatability , and the growth responses could be measured satisfactorily.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.6-13
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• 2016

This study was carried out to determine the basic mycelial culture conditions for Poria cocos growth. According to colony diameter and mycelial density, suitable media for mycelial growth were Malt yeast extract, Potato dextrose agar, Yeast extract agar, and Yeast malt agar. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth was between 25 and $35^{\circ}C$, and the optimum pH value was between 4 and 7. Carbon and nitrogen sources were fructose and yeast extract. The optimum C/N ratio was about 10 to 1 with 2% glucose. Other minor components for optimal growth were thiamine-HCl and nicotinamide as vitamins, acetic and lactic acid as organic acids, and $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ and $FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ as mineral salts.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 2010

In order to promote the growth of the trees, it is the most important to fertilize efficiently. The organic nutrient "Green-one" which list public notification number 08-organic-3-112" was registered in Rural Development Administration. The "Green-one" is the environment friendly organic nutrient with new concept which is used in planting and maintenance of the trees. The "Green-one" makes the tree grow actively. Also it has a function of the anti germ and sustainable fertilizer effect. In conclusion, "Green-one" promoted the growth of P. thunbergii excellently. Expecially the growth of the root increased. The concentration of "Green-one" dilution was more better 100 times than 300 times in trees grow. This research can apply with the test of fertilizer efficiency in landscape trees.