• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.208-214
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• 2001

성장기 3급 부정 교합인 남아 20명의 두부계측방사선 사진을 Harvold 분석법을 중심으로 하여 정상 대조군과 비교하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 상하악간 상대적인 길이 차를 나타내는 악간 길이 차는 3급 부정교합자군에서 유의하게 더 크게 나타났다(p<0.05). 전하안면 고경은 3급 부정교합군에서 정상교합군보다 더 크게 나타났으나, 통계적으로 유의한 차는 없었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.918-927
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• 2016

Cryptococcus neoformans is a life-threatening pathogenic yeast that causes devastating meningoencephalitis. The mechanism of cryptococcal brain invasion is largely unknown, and recent studies suggest that its extracellular microvesicles may be involved in the invasion process. The 14-3-3 protein is abundant in the extracellular microvesicles of C. neoformans, and the 14-3-3-GFP fusion has been used as the microvesicle's marker. However, the physiological role of 14-3-3 has not been explored. In this report, we have found that C. neoformans contains a single 14-3-3 gene that apparently is an essential gene. To explore the functions of 14-3-3, we substituted the promoter region of the 14-3-3 with the copper-controllable promoter CTR4. The CTR4 regulatory strain showed an enlarged cell size, drastic changes in morphology, and a decrease in the thickness of the capsule under copper-enriched conditions. Furthermore, the mutant cells produced a lower amount of total proteins in their extracellular microvesicles and reduced adhesion to human brain microvascular endothelial cells in vitro. Proteomic analyses of the protein components under 14-3-3-overexpressed and -suppressed conditions revealed that the 14-3-3 function(s) might be associated with the microvesicle biogenesis. Our results support that 14-3-3 has diverse pertinent roles in both physiology and pathogenesis in C. neoformans. Its gene functions are closely relevant to the pathogenesis of this fungus.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제60권10호
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• pp.312-319
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• 2017

Purpose: To evaluate the usefulness of the Korean Developmental Screening Test (K-DST) for infants and children for developmental delay assessment. Methods: This study was based on retrospective studies of the results of the K-DST, Preschool Receptive-Expressive Language Scale (PRES), Sequenced Language Scale for Infants (SELSI), Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT), electroencephalography, magnetic resonance imaging, and extensive tests conducted in 209 of 1,403 patients, of whom 758 underwent the K-DST at the Korea University Guro Hospital between January 2015 and December 2016 and 645 were referred from local clinics between January 2015 and June 2016. Results: Based on the K-DST results, the male children significantly more frequently required further or follow-up examination than the female children in most test sections, except for gross motor. The male children had notably lower mean scores than the female children. The PRES/SELSI results showed that when more further or follow-up evaluations were required in the K-DST communication section, significantly more problems in language delay or disorder emerged. When further or follow-up evaluation was required in the cognitive section in the CARS/M-CHAT, the possibility of autism increased significantly. A child tended to score low in the CARS test and show autism when further or follow-up evaluation was recommended in the K-DST. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the usefulness of the K-DST as a screening test early in the development of infants and children in Korea. Data of normal control groups should be examined to determine the accuracy of this investigation.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.41-45
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• 2014

Purpose: Renal size is an important indicator to determine adequate organ growth in children. The aim of this study was to estimate renal size with Technesium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scan and propose a simple formula for predicting renal length in normal Korean children. Methods: This study included 346 children (148 boys and 198 girls; age range, 1 month to 17 years) in whom renal length was measured using the DMSA scan. Patients with anatomical renal abnormalities or acute pyelonephritis were excluded. Children were divided into two groups: 214 children (61.8%) were less than a year old (group 1) and 132 (38.2%) were ${\geq}1$ year (group 2). Results: Renal length was larger on the left side than the right side, and there was no significant gender-related difference in renal length. We propose the following formula for renal length based on the analysis of the 346 children in our study: the formula was as follows: $4.682{\times}age(month)^{0.137}$, $R^2=0.780$. In group 1, the formula was renal length $(cm)=0.127{\times}age(month)+5.144$, $R^2=0.354$, and in group 2, the formula was $0.334{\times}age(year)+6.477$, $R^2=0.829$. Conclusion: It is difficult to establish simple formulae in infants ($R^2=0.354$). Therefore, further studies including relevant variables are needed for this age group. We proposed formulae to estimate renal length in Korean children over 1 year of age by using the DMSA scan.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.139-151
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the eating patterns of children with cerebral palsy having motor disturbances as well as stiffness. The food habits, nutritional status, and snack intakes of 1 to 7 year-old children with cerebral palsy were examined. The subjects were grouped into three categories according to their table-utensil handling skills: superior, normal, and inferior. The children in the superior group were significantly taller and heavier compared to children in the other two groups. The %EARs of folic acid and total calorie intake were insufficient in all three groups; however, their %EARs of other nutrients were fully sufficient. When comparing the children's intake frequencies and preferences for snacks, the superior group showed a greater likelihood to consume various kinds of snacks than the inferior group. And the inferior group disliked more kinds of snacks than the other two groups. It was also shown that the inferior group had a significantly higher tendency for problems in chewing and swallowing. These results indicate that the development of table utensil-handling skills is very important for the food intake and growth of children with cerebral palsy, and the better their table utensil-handling skills the greater their physical development. Thus, considering their preference and intake frequency, it seems necessary that children in the inferior group be provided a greater variety of snacks and foods to receive more calories.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.111-127
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• 1995

This study was designed to investigate the relationships between children's physical growth and health and their raising conditions and to find out the important conditions to improve their physical growth and health. The rasing conditions were classified into three major parts; i. e., family conditions, conditions of nutrition up-taking, and conditions of rest or sleep and exercise or play. Then, the questionnaire including the items to survey these three areas of raising condition and the items to evaluate the health status were given to children' mothers or fathers and filled up by them. The data of their 4 anthropometric measures; body weight, stature, sitting height and chest girth, were also collected from their latest records of health examination. The data of health status were converted to health scores representing 6 domains of health; digestive organs, respiratory organs, auto-nerve systems, fatigue, others and health as a whole. Then, correlations of raising conditions were determined with four antropometric measures and 6 health scores as criterion variables. Then, number of families to live together, and child's birth order in the domain of family conditions, habits of unbalanced diet, eating frequency of eggs, fruits, green and yellow vegetables, light colored vegetables, milk products in the domain of nutrition up-take, and the time for study at home, the place for play, the number of friends to play with together, the hours for playing out of door, the hours for playing sports, and the hours to move their body for assisting house keeping were picked out to investigate their relationships with physical growth and health status. Then, their habits of unbalanced diet and eating frequency of eggs, green or yellow colored vegetables, and milk products were found more influential conditions and more over, birth order, the time for study at home, the time to play out of door showed moderate degree of connection with physical growth and health status in early childhood.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제68권1호
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• pp.225-248
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• 2016

본 연구는 서울시립교향악단의 "우리동네 오케스트라 학습영향평가"를 위해 수집된 종단 자료를 사용하여 지역사회를 기반으로 운영하는 오케스트라 교육 활동이 빈곤아동의 발달에 미치는 효과와 그 효과를 촉진하는 오케스트라 교육 활동 요소를 살펴보고자 수행되었다. 이를 위해 빈곤 아동의 발달부분인 우울, 공격성, 공동체성, 대인관계와 오케스트라 교육 활동 효과를 촉진시키는 활동요소인 평가, 만족, 외부의 관심과 참여를 주요 변수로 구성하여 오케스트라 교육 활동과 빈곤아동발달에 관한 잠재성장 모형 분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 오케스트라 교육 활동 효과로 빈곤아동의 우울, 공격성, 대인관계에 의미 있는 긍정적 발달을 보였다. 또한 아동발달궤적의 조건모형에서 음악평가는 공동체성의 변화율에, 태도평가는 우울과 공격성, 공동체성의 초기치에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤으며, 만족은 공동체성과 대인관계의 초기치에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 부모 관심과 참여는 공격성 초기치에 부정적 영향을, 지역사회 관심과 참여는 우울과 공격성 초기치에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 오케스트라 교육 활동에 참여하는 빈곤아동의 발달에 관한 이해를 돕고 사회복지사의 직접적인 개입의 실천적 근거를 제공하고, 사회복지계, 문화예술계, 교육계 등의 빈곤층 문화예술교육의 새로운 방안을 모색하여 빈곤아동 발달의 증진에 기여하고자 한다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.102-111
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• 2016

Objectives: The intention of this study was to find out the impact of mother's body mass index, eating habits, nutrition status and sociodemographic factors on the body mass index of the children. Methods: The study used original data of Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010-2011) and had 957 children in the ages of 1-5 years and 957 mothers of these children, a total 1,914 as subjects. The weights (body mass indexes) of the children, subjects under 5th percentile were classified into a underweight group, 5~84th percentile into a normal weight group, 85-94th percentile into an overweight group and more than 95th percentile into an obesity group based on the 2007 Korean children and adolescents growth chart. Results: We observed that when the body mass index of a mother increased by 1, the possibility that her child would belong to the overweight group increased by 6.5% (95% confidence interval: 1.01~1.13), and the possibility that the child would belong to the obesity group increased by 95% (confidence interval: 1.01~1.18). With regard to the number of deficient nutrients which were ingested according to estimated average requirements (EAR) amid nutrients ingested by the mother increased by 1, the possibility that the child would belong to the obesity group increased by 16.6% (95% confidence interval: 1.01~1.35). In case the birth weight of child increased by 1kg, the odds ratio that the child would belong to the obesity group was 2.022 (95% confidence interval: 1.08~3.77). Conclusions: We conclude that the body mass index, eating habits and nutrition status of the mother had significant effects on the body mass index of the child. Therefore, it is critical to recognize the importance of this observation and provide practical training for eating habits and nutrient intakes in order to achieve healthy growth and prevention of obesity among children.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.263-272
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• 2005

그림책화면에서 구도는 조형요소들의 놓여진 위치와 배열에 따라 어린이의 심리적 반응을 불러일으키고, 이야기내용에 따른 주제와 배경의 관계, 등장인물의 움직임 등을 전달하는 시각적 진술방식이라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 어린이그림책의 화면구도가 시각적 심리적으로 어린이에게 어떻게 작용하는지 분석하기 위하여 먼저, 어린이의 지각발달과 지각경험이 어린이의 연령에 따라, 그리고 어린이마다 과거의 경험, 심리작용, 생리적 욕구, 감정상태, 성장환경 등에 따라 다양하게 나타나는 것을 살펴보았으며, 시각적 심리적 지각은 4세에서 7세까지 전조작기에 해당하는 어린이를 발달심리학을 중심으로 선행연구자의 이론을 지각특성과 지각과정으로 접근하였다. 또한 실증조사를 통하여 분석한 내용을 조화롭고 효과적인 화면구도방식으로 유추하기 위하여 국내외에서 제작된 어린이그림책의 사례를 제시하였다. 끝으로 본 연구가 제시한 결론은 일러스트레이터의 개성과 창의성이 바탕이 된 화면제작에 도움이 됨은 물론, 일러스트레이션을 배우는 학생들의 효과적인 표현방법연구와 실험에 활용될 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.47-57
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• 2001

Heights of children ranged from 91.10 to 144.70 and the mean height rate after the administration of Boyangsungjangtang was significantly greater than that, 0.036, of prepuberty children who are in 50 percentile(One sampled T test, p<0.001). A highly significant difference was observed among three groups, divided according to the duration of taking Boyangsungjangtang(ANOVA, p=0.015). Further analysis(Tukey's Multiple Range test) indicated that the mean height rate of the group taking Boyangsungjangtang for under 3 months was significantly higher than that of both group for 3 to 6 months and group for over 6 months. The mean height rate of the latter two groups were not significantly different.