• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.52 no.4
• /
• pp.417-421
• /
• 2009

The number of international marriages in South Korea has drastically increased since the year 2000, and among these, the proportion of couples with a Korean husband and foreign wife accounts for more than 70%. At the same time, the number of children resulting from an international marriage has also risen dramatically; this tendency is especially evident in preschool children below 6 years of age. This review article shows some of the similarities and differences between children from international marriages and those from non-international households with respect to their growth, development and language skills.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.15-24
• /
• 2008

Maternal depression is known to have important negative effects on mother, child and mother-child relationship. To review current research evidence of association between maternal depression and their children's health and development, relevant studies were identified using Medline and Kiss(Korean studies Information Service System). The majority of research has reported that children of mother with depression are at risk for impaired physical functioning, growth and developmental delays, and behavioral problems compared to general population. From these studies, it is suggested that these kinds of studies are necessary in this country to examine the relation between maternal depression and children's health and development. Recommendations are included for future research and screening programs for maternal depression.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.22 no.3 s.38
• /
• pp.509-529
• /
• 1992

Skeletal Class III malocclusion is one of the most difficult type to treat and stabilize. For a child with developing skeletal Class III malocclusion, the treatment objective would be to stimulate maxillary growth, particulary one who has markedly deficient maxilla, and to restrain excessive mandibular growth. In order to stimulate the maxillary growth, maxillary protraction appliance is the one of the effective orthopedic appliances in skeletal Class III. The purposes of this study were as follows ; evaluation of the skeletal and dental changes of the maxillary protraction in children with Class III Maxillary deficiency , comparison of the clinical effects between the group with RPE and labiolingual intraoral appliances , comparison of the clinical effects and stability related to the ages of the patients : stability of the maxillary protraction about 1 year after retention. The subjects consisted of 60 children between the ages of 8 and 13.4 who were diagnosed as Class III with maxillary deficiency and were treated with Face Mask (Delaire Type) from the Dept. of Orthodontics Yong Dong Severance Hospital, Yonsei University. 48 children wore the RPE and 12 children wore Labiolingual Appliance. Lateral Cephalograms were taken for each patient at before and after correction of anterior cross-bite in 60 children, and after an observation period of 10 to 14 months in 19 children. X and Y coordinate of 10 landmarks were analyzed using a horizontal line through sella and rotated $6^{\circ}$ down anteriorly as the horizontal reference axis, and a perpendicular verticual line through sella as the vertical reference axis. Each of the 31 measurents (10 verticals, 10 horizontals, 2 angles and 9 others) was statistically analyzed using SPSS/PC statistics. The results are as follows; 1. After maxillary protraction the maxilla and maxillary teeth moved downward and forward, while the mandible and mandibular incisor rotated downward and backward. 2. Maxillary protraction with rapid palatal expansion appliance was more effective than with labiolingual appliance. 3. More downward movement of the posterior palatal plane obserbed with maxillary protraction doing the midpalatal suture opening than with protraction after finishing the palatal expansion 4. The clinical effects of protraction and changes of the retention periods were not statistically significant among the age groups. 5. During the retention period, maxilla and maxillary teeth, and mandible and mandibular teeth moved downward and forward, however the mandibular changes were larger than the maxillary changes.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.37 no.6
• /
• pp.145-155
• /
• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate trajectories of child peer interaction and to compare the causal effects of their predictors, including child individual variables (i.e., gender, language ability, and cognitive ability) and teacher variables (i.e., teacher efficacy and teacher-child interaction). Methods: The participants of this study were 263 children and their teachers from the forth to sixth waves of longitudinal data from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey by the Korea Institute of Child Care and Education. The data was analyzed using Pearson's correlation and latent growth modeling. Results and Conclusion: The findings of this study are as follows: First, there was a linear decrease in child negative peer interaction over the course of 3 years, and significant individual differences were found in the trajectories (intercept and slope). Second, the predictors had significant casual effects on the trajectories of child negative peer interaction. The trajectories of child negative peer interaction involving girls, higher cognitive ability, and greater teacher-child interaction showed lower degree of intercept and a quicker decrease. Finally, the implications of findings are discussed.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.199-213
• /
• 2002

We have surveyed the epidemiology of functional dyspepsia in 7 cases of Children and investigated the therapeutic effect on Functional Dyspepsia following 4 weeks medication of Naesowhajung-tang using Electrogastrogram. The Results were as followings: 1. Sex ratio are 6 males, 1 female; their mean ages, $9.0{\pm}1.41(7-11years)$; length, $137.2{\pm}13.86cm$; body weight, $35.3{\pm}l1.34kg$. 2. Most of subjects have a normal growth state. But one case have severe growth disturbance. Familial tendency for this disease is noted in 85.8%. 3. Abdominal pain was seen in 100% of subjects. The indicated symptom was lowed in order of abdominal pain(100%), nausea vomiting(71.43%), general fatigue(65.34%), vertigo headache(57.14%), belching(55.38%), etc. 4. The EGG finding after treatment was improved in 53%, aggrevated in 43. In cases, postprandial improvement was more remarkable than fasting improvement. Common cold and antibiotics seems to have functioned as an aggrevating factor on gastric motility. From the above results, Naesowhajung-tang seems to have been used in the treatment of functional dyspepsia for children.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.157-162
• /
• 2010

Purpose: Free flap reconstruction in the pediatric population is difficult. However, microsurgery has had remarkable success rates in children. The aim of study is to present our clinical experience using free flap for reconstruction of soft tissue defects in children and to describe long-term follow-up results. Methods: Between June 2002 and July 2010, 30 cases of pediatric reconstruction were performed with free flap. The authors analyzed several items, such as the kind of flap, associated complications, and growth problems. Results: Among the 30 cases, 21 cases were due to traffic accidents, 5 to cancer, and 4 to falls and other soft tissue defects. The lower leg and foot were the most common sites of the lesion. In the free flap operations we have done, 20 cases involved an anterolateral thigh perforator free flap, 6 a superficial circumflex iliac perforator free flap, and 4 an upper medial thigh perforator free flap. In early postoperative complications, partial necrosis was seen in 2 cases, infection in 1 case, and the hematoma in 1 case. A satisfactory success rate and functional results were achieved. Conclusion: Free flap reconstruction in children allows satisfactory function with no significant effect on growth. Free flaps are regarded as the primary choice for selective pediatric reconstructive cases.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.220-228
• /
• 2018

Purpose: This study was conducted to measure adiposity and to investigate related factors in preschoolers born prematurely. Methods: A longitudinal follow-up study was conducted with 52 preschoolers at 5 years of corrected age among 343 preterm infants. Their adiposity status was evaluated based on measurements of body mass index, subscapular and triceps skin fold thickness (SFT), waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, and mid-arm circumference at a home visit. Results: The findings showed that SFT measurements, particularly at the triceps, reflected the degree of adiposity more accurately than other conventional measures. A shorter gestation, older maternal age, and the mother having more years of formal education were associated with higher levels of adiposity in the preschoolers. Conclusion: The adiposity of children born prematurely needs to be thoroughly monitored with additional SFT measurements, considering the risk of accelerated growth patterns overriding regular catch-up growth in children born prematurely.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.90-97
• /
• 1986

Timing of weaning is later in Korean rural and lower urban classes compared with middle and upper classes. Weaning after the international standard of six months of age has adverse effects on the growth rate of children. This occurs because supplementary foods are not provided for the child during the weaning period; rather, the infant goes directly from nursing(or bottle feeding) to the cereals and solid foods of the adult diet. Consequently, all nutrient and calorie intake, with the exception of thiamin, in Korean rural children had not yet attained the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). This situation bas created an urgent need for easy to prepare, low priced. highly nutritious supplementary foods. The research team of Yonsei University developed 3 formulas prepared from rice, soybeans, sesame, dry skim milk and fish which are all plentiful and inexpensive items in Korea. A proximate analysis and amino acid determination were performed on three formula. These formulas were prepared and used as exprimental diet for an animal assay. In the animal assay, growth rate, PER evaluated and biochemical analyses were also carried out. A safety storage assay and the cost evaluation were also conducted.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.114-124
• /
• 2005

The nutritional status of pre-school children is important for both physical growth and functional development. This study investigated the anthropometric, nutrient intakes and dietary quality of the pre-school children living in Asan for planning nutritional education program. The dietary intakes were measured by 2-day 24 hr recall recorded by children's mothers and the anthropometric data were collected by measuring children's weights, heights, and percent body fat at Asan Public Health Center. The children were 161 boys and 129 girls aged 5 and 6 years. When children's nutritional status was determined by their anthropometric status (underweight, normal weight and overweight) determined by z-score (normal range between -1.00 and 1.00), only 1.4% of the children belonged to underweight group while 55.7% and 42.9% belonged to normal and overweight groups, respectively. Significantly higher number of children belonged to overweight group for 5 year-olds. No differences were observed in nutrient intakes, nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) and index of nutritional quality (INQ) values among nutritional status groups. Intakes of the most nutrients were adequate, but NAR and INQ of calcium and zinc were low. When nutrient intakes, NAR and INQ were compared by sex or age, all nutrient intakes were appropriate except calcium and zinc intakes of 6 year-olds. Nutrient intakes of 5 years were higher than those of 6 years. The mean of nutrient adequacy ratio (MAR) was 0.85 and mean INQ was 1.51 for all participants. The nutritional management program for pre-school children in Asan would be directed differently by age groups and education material should contain contents educating to consume moderate amount of food for 5 year-olds and to increase intake of foods with mineral nutrients such as calcium and zinc for 6 year-olds.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.101-109
• /
• 2009

The pediatrics has other diagnosis and treatment compared with an adult. It is therefore, the children have different pathogenesis, pathology from adult's. The special feature of the children is two. Firstly, children are the body of the pure Yang[純陽之體], which means the growth and development of them are very fast. Secondly, they have weak muscle, skeletal and digestive function. So we must consider health-preserving method in different physiology and pathology aspects of the children. The children have weak digestive functions, so they should be careful to avoid eating greasy food and overeating. They must eat the nourishing Eum[滋陰] food. The children should wear thin clothes as possible. If the children wear clothes so thick, it promote the Yang (陽), so the Eum(陰) is hurted. The children are to be lack of Eum[陰不足], so they need to grow and raise the Eum(陰) in this way which the lower body is cool. Sleep is important ways to generate Eum Essence[陰精]. So the children should take a bed as change of the season. Children's muscles and skeleton are growing so incomplete that they are hard to handle Wind-Cold pathogen[風寒邪]. Therefore, the children should be training vital Essence and Gi(氣) with appropriate exercise. We should be careful treatment the Hwayeoljeung(火熱證) with purgation[瀉下] - bitter in taste and cold in nature[苦寒藥], aromatic herb[芳香性藥物], sudorific herb[發汗藥] In addition, child has weak digestive function, so doctor should not use a lot of nourishment[滋補].