• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.643-647
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of study was to investigate the correlationship between lip canting change and occlusal canting change after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery, and the ratio of lip canting change and occlusal canting change after the surgery. Patients and methods: The subjects for this study was obtained from a group of 25 patients who took bimaxillary orthognathic surgery for occlusal canting correction at the Department of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Samsung Medical Center in Seoul, Korea between January 2000 and December 2005 and a patient's chart had to contain a resting frontal facial photograph in natural head position and a corresponding PA cephalogram in occlusion on the same day before the surgery and post-op 6 months later. The lip canting change was assessed with the angle each labial commissure and the bipupilary reference line. And, the occlusal caning change in the frontal plane was assessed with the angle between the each maxillary first molar occulasal surface and the bi-frontozygomatic suture reference line. Results: In angular measurement, average occlusal canting change was $3.09^{\circ}$ and standard deviation was $1.05^{\circ}$, average lip canting change was $1.56^{\circ}$ and standard deviation was $1.05^{\circ}$. In linear measurement, average occlusal canting change was 2.41mm and standard deviation was 2.75mm, average lip canting change was 1.18mm and standard deviation was 0.43mm. Lip canting correction ration to occlusal canting correction was 51.5(${\pm}8.4$)% in angular measurement and 48.8(${\pm}9.1$)% in linear measurement. Under Pearson's correlation analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficient was 0.869 in angular measurement and 0.887 in linear measurement(p-value < 0.01). High correlationship was shown between occlusal canting change and lip canting change. Conclusion: First, Bimaxillary orthognathic surgery can correct lip canting as well as occlusal canting. Second, The average amount of lip canting correction is $51.5{\pm}8.4%,\;48.8{\pm}9.1%$ of occlusal canting correction in the study.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of group music therapy on the emotional stabilisation and Self-Efficacy of juvenile delinquents. The subjects, who were from age 15 to 19 as juvenile delinquents, received juvenile protection Order one (1) and three (3) or Order (4) and were placed in custody designated by the Gwang Ju Family Court. The 24 subjects were divided into the experimental group (N=12), and the control group (N=12) at random. The experimental group was given 14 group music therapy session for 90 minutes each, two times a week, and the control group was not given any. Emotional stabilisation and the Self-Efficacy scores for each adolescent was compared before and after the experiment. Statistical methods used for data analysis were mean, the standard deviation, and the ANCOVA. Results are as follows. The experimental group was significantly increased in emotional stabilisation compared with the control group. The experimental group was significantly decreased in aggressive behavior compared and in stress compared with the control group. The experimental group was significantly increased in self-efficacy compared, in self-confidence compared and in self control efficacy compared with the control group. These results suggest that group music therapy are positive effects on improving the emotional stabilisation and the Self-Efficacy of juvenile delinquents.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.242-248
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• 2019

Purpose: Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is an important public health problem which contributes to significant number of under five deaths. Protocol based management significantly decreases risk of deaths in children with medical complications. Methods: Outcome of children aged 2 months-5 years admitted and fulfilling definition of SAM having diarrhea (group A) was compared to children with SAM having medical complications other than diarrhea (group B). Both groups were managed according to standard recommended protocols and monitored and followed up for 12 weeks after discharge. Results: The average weight gain, defaulter rate, primary failure, secondary relapse rate and readmission rate were similar in both groups. Length of stay in group A was three days longer (p-value=0.039). Discharge rate was comparable with overall 68% of children successfully discharged and 50% of children reaching weight/height > -2 standard deviation at follow-up of 12 weeks. Conclusion: The current management protocol is equally effective for managing children with SAM having diarrhea. Good adherence to management protocol of dehydration and timely modification of therapeutic feeds in children with persistent diarrhea results in satisfactory weight gain.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2021

Purpose : This study aimed to present normative data and cut-off points for older Korean adults completing the Montreal Cognitive Assessment - Korean (MoCA-K), which is used as a screening test for mild cognitive impairment in Korea. Methods : A total of 195 healthy adults ≥60 years were recruited. All participants completed the MoCA-K and the Korean - Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-K) to assess their cognitive function. Participants were divided into six groups based on their age: 60-64 years, 65~69 years, 70~74 years, 75~79 years, 80~84 years, and 85~89 years. Results : The results revealed that MoCA-K score decreased significantly with age (mean score ± standard deviation [SD]; 27.63±2.80 in subjects aged 60~64 years; 27.00±2.39 in subjects aged 65~69 years; 24.94±2.96 in subjects aged 70~74 years; 24.74±3.37 in subjects aged 75~79 years; 22.59±4.72 in subjects aged 80~84 years; and 18.83±5.38 in subjects aged 85~89 years; p<.001). Additionally, MoCA-K score also increased significantly with educational level (mean score±standard deviation [SD]; 19.95±4.78 in no formal education group; 24.95±2.22 in elementary school graduated group; 26.35±2.72 in middle school graduated group; 28.32±1.36 in high school graduated group; and 28.50±1.51 in more than college graduated group; p<.001). The optimal cut-off points were 24/25 for 60~69 years old group, 21/22 for 70~79 years old group, 17/18 for 80~84 years old group, and 13/14 for 85~89 years old group. The optimal cut-off points were 15/16 for individuals who were illiterate, 22/23 for individuals with 6 years of education, 22/24 for individuals with 9 years of education, and 26/27 for individuals with 12 or more years of education. Conclusions : This study presents normative data and cut-off points for the MoCA-K in older Korean adults. This data will facilitate more accurate detection and follow-up of the risk of mild cognitive impairment in this population, taking into consideration age and education. Future studies are required that should focus on the cut-off score on the level of education according to age.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.842-849
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• 2005

Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to establish a nursing intervention data base to improve maternal attachment. Method: The first group of mothers( control group), experienced their first physical contact with their infants after being discharged from the hospital. The second group (experimental group) practiced early initial mother-infant postpartum contact known as the most sensitive period for founding maternal-infancy attachment. The subjects of this study gave birth to normal infants at M hospital from Aug.25 to Sept.30, 2004. During the same time, data was collected through direct observation, with instruments designed by Cropley et al., to assess the behaviors of normal attachment. The statistical methods for data analysis were percentage, mean, standard deviation and t-test with an SPSS program. Result: The group practicing initial mother-infant contact, showed a higher degree of physical and functional bonding than the group experiencing the first contact after discharge from the :10spital (control group)(p<.0l). The group practicing initial mother-infant contact, showed higher degrees of bonding attachment assessments than the group experiencing their first initial contact after their discharge from the hospital(p<.01). Conclusion: The group practicing early mother-infant contact, showed more maternal-infant interaction than the group experiencing their initial contact after their discharge from the hospital. These results show that maternal attachment behavior increases according with an early initial mother-infant contact.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1986

The purpose of this study was to measure the body cathexis and clothing satisfaction sccording to the level of age, job, and total monthly income and to investigate the relationship between body cathexis and clothing satisfaction of married women. 43 items of body parts and body functions were selected to measure body cathexis from Secord and jourard body Cathexis scale. A nd 56 items of Mclean's Clothing Satisfac tion scale were used for clothing satisfaction. The questionnaires were administered to 384 mothers in Jeonbug province. 3-way ANOVA and Newman-Keuls test were used for group difference. Pearson's Correlation Coefficients, Partial Correlation Coefficients, Standard Deviation, and Mean were calculated. RESULTS : 1. Body cathexis of married women showed asignificant difference according to age. 2. Clothing satisfaction of married women showed a significant difference to the interaction of age, job, and total monthly income. The elder and higher income group without job had the highest clothing satisfaction scores than any other group. 3. Positive correlations were found among body cathexis, clothing satisfaction, and 6 subscales of clothing satisfaction.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제7권5S호
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• pp.1599-1608
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• 2000

Automated collaborative filtering is on the verge of becoming a popular technique to reduce overloaded information as well as to solve the problems that content-based information filtering systems cannot handle. In this paper, we describe three different algorithms that perform collaborative filtering: GroupLens that is th traditional technique; Best N, the modified one; and an algorithm that uses clustering. Based on the exeprimental results using real data, the algorithm using clustering is compared with the existing representative collaborative filtering agent algorithms such as GroupLens and Best N. The experimental results indicate that the algorithms using clustering is similar to Best N and better than GroupLens for prediction accuracy. The results also demonstrate that the algorithm using clustering produces the best performance according to the standard deviation of error rate. This means that the algorithm using clustering gives the most stable and the best uniform recommendation. In addition, the algorithm using clustering reduces the time of recommendation.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.183-193
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to test the effects of music therapy on postoperative pain in patients with total hip replacement. Method: The research design was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects were composed of thirty patients with total hip replacement. Fifteen of them were assigned to the experimental group and fifteen to the control group. Fifteen minutes tailored music therapy was given to the experimental group during five consecutive days. The instruments used for this study were pain NRS(numerical rating scale). The data were analyzed using percent, mean, standard deviation, ${\chi}^2-test$ and repeated measure ANOVA using SPSS WIN 11.0. Results: Hypothesis 1 "The score of pain NRS of experimental group will be lower than those of control group" was accepted(F=15.945, p<.001). Hypothesis 2 "The frequency of PCA analgesics of experimental group will be fewer than those of control group" was accepted (t=-2.312, p=.028). Hypothesis 3 "The vital signs(pulse, systolic BP and diastolic BP) of experimental group will be different from those of control group" was rejected. Conclusion: This music therapy can be recommended as an efficient nursing intervention to reduce postoperative pain in patients with total hip replacement.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.217-225
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• 1988

This study was undertaken to examine relationship between tooth size and arch dimension in dental crowding. Two groups of dental casts were selected on the basis of dental crowding. One group, consisting of 51 pairs of dental casts (24 male and 27 female), exhibited remarkable dental crowding. A second group, consisting of 60 pairs of dental casts (30 male and 30 female), exhibited little or no crowding. Mean and standard deviation of the following parameters were used to compare two groups. individual and collective mesiodistal tooth diameters, buccal and lingual arch widths and arch area. The following results were obtained. 1. The crowed group revealed larger tooth size than noncrowded group. (p < 0.01) 2. The crowded group smaller maxillary dental arch dimension than noncrowded group except lingual arch width at canine region. (p < 0.01) 3. The corwded group revealed smaller mandibular dental arch dimension than noncrowded group except lingal arch width at second premalar region in the male and buccal arch width at canine, premolar region in the female. (p < 0.01) 4. The crowded group revealed smaller arch area than noncrowded group in the female (p < 0.01), but there was no significance in the male.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.121-125
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• 2016

Purpose: This study investigates the amputation rate within 1 year after the diagnosis of diabetic foot ulcer and its associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: This study enrolled 60 patients with diabetic foot ulcer. The mean and standard deviation age was $64.4{\pm}12.8years$ (range, 32~89 years); the mean and standard deviation prevalence period for diabetes mellitus was $21.0{\pm}7.5years$ (range, 0.5~36 years). The amputation rate was evaluated by dividing the subjects into two groups - the major and minor amputation groups - within 1 year following the initial diagnosis of diabetic foot ulcer. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for amputation. Results: The total amputation rate of 38.3% (n=23) was comprised of the amputation rate for the major amputation group (10.0%) and rate for the minor amputation group (23.8%). There was a high correlation between peripheral artery disease (toe brachial pressure index <0.7) and amputation (hazard ratio [HR] 5.81, confidence interval [CI] 2.09~16.1, p<0.01). Nephropathy was significantly correlated with the amputation rate (HR 3.53, CI 1.29~9.64, p=0.01). Conclusion: Clinicians who treat patients with diabetic foot complications must understand the fact that the amputation rate within 1 year is significant, and that the amputation rate of patients with peripheral artery disease or nephropathy is especially high.