• Title/Summary/Keyword: group recommendation

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Single Oral Dose Toxicity Study of Aqueous Extracts of Binso-san in ICR Mice

  • Park, Kyung;Kim, Dae-Jun;Byun, Joon-Seok
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.134-142
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    • 2010
  • Although BinSo-San(BSS), a mixed herbal formula consisted of 11 types of medicinal herbs and have been used as anti-inflammatory agent, In the present study, the acute toxicity (single oral dose toxicity) of lyophilized BSS aqueous extracts was monitored in male and female mice after oral administration according to Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) Guidelines (2005-60, 2005). In order to observe the 50% lethal dose ($LD_{50}$), approximate lethal dosage (ALD), maximum tolerance dosage (MTD) and target organs, test articles were once orally administered to female and male ICR mice at dose levels of 2000, 1000, 500, 250 and 0 (control) mg/kg (body wt.) according to the recommendation of KFDA Guidelines (2005-60, 2005). The mortality and changes on body weight, clinical signs and gross observation were monitored during 14 days after dosing according to KFDA Guidelines (2005-60, 2005) with organ weight and histopathology of 12 types of principle organs. We could not find any mortality, clinical signs and changes in the body weights except for dose-independent increases of body weight and gains restricted in 1000 mg/kg of BSS extracts-dosing female group. Hypertrophic changes of lymphoid organs.thymus, spleen and popliteal lymph nodes were detectedat postmortem observation with BSS extracts dose-dependent increases of lymphoid organ weights, and hyperplasia of lymphoid cells in these all three lymphoid organs at histopathological observations. These changes are considered as results of pharmacological effects of BSS extracts or their components, immunomodulating effects, not toxicological signs. In addition, some sporadic accidental findings such as congestion spots, cyst formation in kidney, atrophy of thymus and spleen with depletion of lymphoid cells, and edematous changes of uterus with desquamation of uterus mucosa as estrus cycles were detected throughout the whole experimental groups including both male and female vehicle controls. The significant (p<0.01) increases of absolute weights of kidney and pancreas detected in BSS extracts 1000 mg/kg-treated female group are considered as secondary changes from increases of body weights. The results obtained in this study suggest that the BSS extract is non-toxic in mice and is therefore likely to be safe for clinical use. The LD50 and ALD of BSS aqueous extracts in both female and male mice were considered as over 2000 mg/kg because no mortalities were detected upto 2000 mg/kg that was the highest dose recommended by KFDA and OECD. In addition, the MTD of BSS extracts was also considered as over 2000 mg/kg because no BSS extracts-treatment related toxicological signs were detected at histopathological observation except for BSS or their component-related pharmacological effects, the immunomodulating effects detected in the present study.

Clinical Usefulness on K-MBI for Decision of Driving Rehabilitation Period in Patients with Stroke: A pilot study (뇌졸중 환자의 운전재활 시기 결정을 위한 K-MBI의 임상적 유용성: 예비 연구)

  • Park, Myoung-Ok
    • Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.91-98
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    • 2017
  • Background & Object: Basic daily activity screening tool such as the Modified Barthel Index (MBI) has been used commonly in rehabilitation clinic and community based rehabilitation setting. Previous studies have shown the significant relations between the level of daily activities and driving ability on stroke or elderly people. However, there is a lack of studies to investigate the usefulness of MBI on prediction of driving ability for stroke patient. This study was to predict driving abilities of stroke survivor using Korean version Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI). Methods: A sample of 48 patients with stroke in rehabilitation hospital was recruited. All participants were tested level of basic daily activities using K-MBI. The driving ability of participants was tested using virtual reality driving simulator. The predictive validity was calculated of the K-MBI among pass or fail group of driving simulator test using receiver operating characteristics curves. Results: The cut-off score of >86.5 on the K-MBI is proper sensitivity to predict on driving performance ability. Conclusion: This pilot result offers clinical reference to therapists and caregivers for reasoning on driving recommendation period during rehabilitation stage of stroke survivors. Further studies need to identify prediction using real on-road test in a large population group.

Effects of Balletfit on the Body Shape (발레핏(Balletfit)프로그램이 체형 변화에 미치는 효과 연구)

  • LEE, Jaesun
    • Trans-
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    • v.4
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    • pp.111-134
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this study is to understand the principles of Balletfit and its program structure and to establish Balletfit's effects on body shape change and postural correction. Interview, the most commonly used method of qualitative research, was chosen as the research method. Ten Balletfit class participants, who have attended private lessons twice per week, for three to six months period of time, were selected. These participants were chosen from participants of private lessons instead of group lessons for in-depth insights. The research was limited to a small group of participants and therefore, it is difficult to standardize the result. Also, because this study is based on the opinions of the participants, not by a posture measuring device, the accuracy of the result is limited as well. The followings are the conclusion of this research. First, the participation motive was either internet research or acquaintance's recommendation. Secondly, the effort to change the body shape. After experiencing Balletfit classes, the participants became aware of their body and made an effort to recover their posture by holding the stomach tight and sitting up correctly. Thirdly, their posture became ideal. Most participants became aware of what an ideal posture is and as their body became ideal, the participants also recovered their health by becoming aware of their inner and outer body. Lastly, they tend to prefer beautiful body line. After the experience, all participants became interested in the body line and preferred to build a beautiful body line with correct postures. The most significant effect of Balletfit was the body line. Therefore, the experience of Balletfit develops the inner and outer body awareness and also can be consider to effect the change of the body shape. Balletfit will become a satisfying exercise for modern people, who desire a beautiful, healthy body.

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Perception Level of Foot Reflex Therapy and Its Related Factors among Customers using Foot Care Service Centers (전문 발 관리실 이용자의 발 반사요법 인식수준 및 관련요인)

  • Kim, Young-Ho;Kim, Pom-Ho
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.14 no.3
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    • pp.1350-1358
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    • 2013
  • For this study, in order to understand the perception level of foot reflex therapy and clarify its related factors among customers using foot care service centers, a survey was conducted based on structured self-administered questionnaire with 181 users of three foot care service centers located in Daejeon between September 1 and October 30, 2011. The results showed that the average score in perception level of the subjects regarding foot reflex therapy was $32.19{\pm}5.32$(Score scale of the 11 items 0-44) and people with higher level of education had a significantly higher perception level(p=0.020).The perception level based on attitude and practice of foot reflex therapy was significantly higher in the group who do it "to heal illness"(p=0.034); and who "had illness" at the time when they started the therapy (p=0.030); when they used the foot massage for a longer period (p=0.000); and those in the group who would "recommend it"(p=0.004). In multiple regression analysis, among the factors that affect perception level of foot reflex massage, reason for using foot reflex therapy, health state when starting foot reflex massage, period of using foot reflex massage, and experience of recommendation to other people were selected as significant variables, with the explanatory power of 26.1%. The results suggest that perception level of foot care service users regarding foot reflex therapy are more correlated to variables that explain their attitude and practice than general characteristic variables.

A Study on the Learning Model Based on Digital Transformation (디지털 트랜스포메이션 기반 학습모델 연구)

  • Lee, Jin Gu;Lee, Jae Young;Jung, Il Chan;Kim, Mi Hwa
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.22 no.10
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    • pp.765-777
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    • 2022
  • The purpose of this study is to present a digital transformation-based learning model that can be used in universities based on learning digital transformation in order f to be competitive in a rapidly changing environment. Literature review, case study, and focus group interview were conducted and the implications for the learning model from these are as follows. Universities that stand out in related fields are actively using learning analysis to implement dashboards, develop predictive models, and support adaptive learning based on big data, They also have actively introduced advanced edutech to classes. In addition, problems and difficulties faced by other universities and K University when implementing digital transformation were also confirmed. Based on these findings, a digital transformation-based learning model of K University was developed. This model consists of four dimensions: diagnosis, recommendation, learning, and success. It allows students to proceed with learning by diagnosing and recommending various learning processes necessary for individual success, and systematically managing learning outcomes. Finally, academic and practical implications about the research results were discussed.

The Precision Test Based on States of Bone Mineral Density (골밀도 상태에 따른 검사자의 재현성 평가)

  • Yoo, Jae-Sook;Kim, Eun-Hye;Kim, Ho-Seong;Shin, Sang-Ki;Cho, Si-Man
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.67-72
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    • 2009
  • Purpose: ISCD (International Society for Clinical Densitometry) requests that users perform mandatory Precision test to raise their quality even though there is no recommendation about patient selection for the test. Thus, we investigated the effect on precision test by measuring reproducibility of 3 bone density groups (normal, osteopenia, osteoporosis). Materials and Methods: 4 users performed precision test with 420 patients (age: $57.8{\pm}9.02$) for BMD in Asan Medical Center (JAN-2008 ~ JUN-2008). In first group (A), 4 users selected 30 patient respectively regardless of bone density condition and measured 2 part (L-spine, femur) in twice. In second group (B), 4 users measured bone density of 10 patients respectively in the same manner of first group (A) users but dividing patient into 3 stages (normal, osteopenia, osteoporosis). In third group (C), 2 users measured 30 patients respectively in the same manner of first group (A) users considering bone density condition. We used GE Lunar Prodigy Advance (Encore. V11.4) and analyzed the result by comparing %CV to LSC using precision tool from ISCD. Check back was done using SPSS. Results: In group A, the %CV calculated by 4 users (a, b, c, d) were 1.16, 1.01, 1.19, 0.65 g/$cm^2$ in L-spine and 0.69, 0.58, 0.97, 0.47 g/$cm^2$ in femur. In group B, the %CV calculated by 4 users (a, b, c, d) were 1.01, 1.19, 0.83, 1.37 g/$cm^2$ in L-spine and 1.03, 0.54, 0.69, 0.58 g/$cm^2$ in femur. When comparing results (group A, B), we found no considerable differences. In group C, the user_1's %CV of normal, osteopenia and osteoporosis were 1.26, 0.94, 0.94 g/$cm^2$ in L-spine and 0.94, 0.79, 1.01 g/$cm^2$ in femur. And the user_2's %CV were 0.97, 0.83, 0.72 g/$cm^2$ L-spine and 0.65, 0.65, 1.05 g/$cm^2$ in femur. When analyzing the result, we figured out that the difference of reproducibility was almost not found but the differences of two users' several result values have effect on total reproducibility. Conclusions: Precision test is a important factor of bone density follow up. When Machine and user's reproducibility is getting better, it’s useful in clinics because of low range of deviation. Users have to check machine's reproducibility before the test and keep the same mind doing BMD test for patient. In precision test, the difference of measured value is usually found for ROI change caused by patient position. In case of osteoporosis patient, there is difficult to make initial ROI accurately more than normal and osteopenia patient due to lack of bone recognition even though ROI is made automatically by computer software. However, initial ROI is very important and users have to make coherent ROI because we use ROI Copy function in a follow up. In this study, we performed precision test considering bone density condition and found LSC value was stayed within 3%. There was no considerable difference. Thus, patient selection could be done regardless of bone density condition.

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A Morphological Study of Bamboos by Vascular Bundle Sheath (대나무류(類)의 유관속초(維管束鞘)에 의(依)한 형태학적(形態學的) 연구(硏究))

  • Kim, Jai Saing
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.13-47
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    • 1975
  • Among the many species of bamboo, it is well known that the dwarf-type is widely distributed in the tropical regions, and the slender type in temperated zone. In the temperated zone the trees have extensively differentiated into one hundred species in 50 genera. In many oriental countries, the bamboo wood is being used as a material for construction and for the manufacture of technical instruments. The bamboo shoot is also regarded as a good and delicious edible resource. Moreover, recent medical investigation verifies that the sap of certain species of the bamboo is an antibiotic effect against cancer. Fortunately, it is very easy to propagate the bamboo trees by using cutting from southeastern Asian countries. This important resource can further be used as a significant source of pulp, which is becoming increasingly important. The classification system of this significant resource has not been completely established to date, even though its importance has been emphasized. Initiated by Canlevon Linne in the 18th century, a classification method concerning the morphological characteristics of flowers was the first step in developing a classification. But it was not an easy task to accomplish, because this type of classification system is based on the sexual organs in bamboo trees. Because the bamboo has a long life cycle of 60-120 years and classification according to this method was very difficult as the materials for the classification are not abundant and some species have changed, even though many references related to the morphological classification of bamboo trees are available nowadays. So, the certification of bamboo trees according to the morphological classification system is not reasonable for us. Consequently, the classification system of bamboo trees on the basis of endomorphological characteristics was initiated by Chinese-born Liese. And classification method based on the morphological characteristics of the vascular bundle was developed by Grosser. These classification methods are fundamentally related to Holltum's classification method, which stressed the morphology of the ovary. The author investigated to re-establish a new classification method based on the vascular sheath. Twenty-six species in 11 genera which originated from Formosa where used in the study. The results obtained from the investigation were somewhat coordinated with those of Crosser. Many difficulties were found in distinguishing the species of Bambusa and Dendrocalamus. These two species were critically differentiated under the new classification system, which is based on the existence of a separated vascular bundle sheath in the bamboo. According to these results, it is recommended that Babusa divided into two groups by placing it into either subspecies or the lower categories. This recommendation is supported by the observation that the evolutional pattern of the bamboo thunk which is from outward to inward. It is also supported by the viewpoint that the fundamental hypothesis in evolution is from simple to complex. There remained many problems to be solved through more critical examination by comparing the results to those of the classification based on the sexual organs method. The author observed the figure of the cross-sectional area of vascular trunk of bamboo tree and compared the results with those of Grosser and Liese, i.e. A, $B_1$, $B_2$, C, and D groups in classification. Group A and $B_2$ were in accordance with the results of those scholars, while group D showed many differences, Grosser and Liese divided bamboo into "g" type and "h" type according to the vascular bundle type; and they included Dendrocalamus and Bambusa in Group D without considering the type of vascular bundle sheath. However, the results obtained by the author showed that Dendrocalamus and Bambusa are differentiated from each other. By considering another group, "i" identified according to the existence of separated vascular bundle sheath. Bambusa showed to have a separated vascular bundle sheath while Dendrocalamus does not have a separated vascular bundle sheath. Moreover, Bambusa showed peculiar characteristics in the figure of vascular development, i.e., one with an inward vascular bundle sheath and the other with a bivascular bundle sheath (inward and outward). In conclusion, the bamboo species used in this experiment were classified in group D, without any separated vascular bundle sheath, and in group E, with a vascular bundle sheath. Group E was divided into two groups, i.e., and group $E_1$, with bivascular sheath, and group $E_2$, with only an inward vascular sheath. Therefore, the Bambusa in group D as described by Grosser and Liese was included in group E. Dendrocalamus seemed to be the middle group between group $E_l$ and group $E_2$ under this classification system which is summarized as follows: Phyllostachys-type: Group A - Phyllostachys, Chymonobambus, Arundinaria, Pseudosasa, Pleioblastus, Yashania Pome-type: Group $B_2$ - Schizostachyum, Melocanna Hemp-type: Group D - Dendrocalamu Bambu-type: Group $E_1$ - Bambusa ghi.

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The Effects of Supplemental Bacterial Phytase to the Calcium and Nonphosphorus Levels in Feed of Laying Hens (산란계 사료 내 칼슘 및 무기태 인 수준에 따른 Bacterial Phytase 급여 효과)

  • Kang, H.K.;Park, S.Y.;Yu, D.J.;Kim, J.H.;Kang, G.H.;Na, J.C.;Kim, D.W.;Suh, O.S.;Lee, S.J.;Lee, W.J.;Kim, S.H.
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.35 no.2
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    • pp.143-151
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    • 2008
  • This study was conducted to identify the correlation of bacterial phytase ($Transphos^{(R)}$) to the calcium level in feed. Of all 21-week-old 720 HyLine brown laying hens, 2 birds of similar weight were placed on each individual cage. The experiment was conducted by $3{\times}2{\times}3$ factorial design with including 3 different levels of phytase (0, 300, and 1,000 DPU/kg), 2 different levels of calcium (3.5% and 4.0%), and 3 different levels of no NPP addition 0% (0.095 NPP), 0.5% (0.185% NPP), and 1.0% (0.275% NPP). The feeding trial maintained the ME level of 2,800 kcal/kg and 16% for crude protein. The diet was fed ad libitum and 17 hours of lighting was provided throughout the experimental period. Egg production seemed to increase, in the 300 DPU of bacterial phytase added group and the cracked egg tended to reduce in Transphos added group. The egg productivity between treatment groups did not show significant difference by dietary calcium level, whereas non NPP added group (0.095% NPP) was found to be low compared to NPP added groups (P<0.05). The highest mean egg weight and the highest daily egg mass were detected in 300 DPU phytase added group. Although the mean egg weight was significantly higher in treatment groups fed with 3.5% calcium containing feeds (P<0.05), daily egg mass was no among treatment groups. The mean egg weight and daily egg mass were the lowest in non NPP added group (0.095% NPP) compared to other treatment groups (P<0.05). The feed intake showed similar pattern regardless of the bacterial phytase and calcium levels in the diet. However, the treatment groups fed diets containing NPP level of 0.275% and 0.165% showed significantly higher feed intake than the group fed with 0.095% NPP (P<0.05). Although the feed conversion was not affected by calcium and NPP levels in the diet, the most improved result was obtained from 300 DPU phytase added group (P<0.05). The eggshell breaking strength and thickness increased as dietary calcium level increase the level of calcium increases in diet. The treatment groups fed diet containing 0.275% and 0.165% NPP revealed to show improvement in eggshell breaking strength and yolk color index compared to the NPP non added (0.095% NPP) treatment group. The result of the present study suggests that the appropriate level of microbial phytase is 300 DPU and at this level, tricalciumphosphate supplementation in feed can be reduced to 40% of NRC recommendation. Higher calcium level in feed fail to show synergistic effect by adding microbial phytase.

Management and Supporting System on the Occupational Health Nursing Services Provided in Group Occupational Health Agencies of Korea (소규모 사업장 보건관리대행기관의 간호업무 운영관리 지원체계)

  • Yoo, Kyung-Hae
    • Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.193-211
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    • 1999
  • This study was carried out to investigate the management and support system affecting to the occupational health nursing services(OHNS) provided in group occupational health agencies(GOHA). Questionnaire was developed and distributed to 82 nurses who were working in GOHA and who agreed to participate in the survey. The results were as follow: 1. OH nurses responded were mostly in the age of twenty to thirties(89%), married(73.7%), technical college graduates(88.9%), worked in hospital(85.4%) and participated more than 1 year in group occupational health services (96.3%). 2. Fifty eight point four percent of the OH nurses worked in number of workplace more than 30 to less than 60 in the OHNS form. The figure of workplaces undertaken by nurses was ranged greatly from 9 to more than 100. Number of employees who cared by nurses were mostly under 5,000 peoples in 93.3%. The types of industry was mostly manufacturing and located in the order of factory complex area, suburban, urban and others. 3. Most OH nurses(87.8%) were fully involved in the OHNS for the SSE. Their working days to visit SSE was 5 days per week(77.8%) and one day in the GOHA at 41.3%. 4. The OH documents using by nurses were found in more than 23 different types. However, they were largely summarized in the types of 'Workplace Health Management Card', 'Personal Health Counselling Card', 'Daily Health Management Report', 'Visiting List of Workplace' and 'Sick Employee List'. 5. The items of laboratory test provided by GOHA were mostly achieved in the purpose of basic health examination. They were used to be the blood pressure check(98.8%), blood sugar test (98.8%), urine sugar and protein(91.4%), SGOT and SGPT(85.3% each), cholesterol (82.9%), hepa vaccine immunization(82.9%), r-GPT(81.7%), hemoglobin(79.3%) and triglyceride(75.5%). 6. The OH nurses(92.7%) followed the work pattern to visit the GOHA before and after small-scale enterprises(SSE) visit by car driven by nurses in 74.3%. They were payed by GOHA for transportation fees in certain amounts. However, nurse is the main person(75.0%) who covers up in case of traffic accident. If the GOHA has no transportation regulation for the formal workplace visit, data showed that nurses had been responsible to take charge(31.7%). 7. The personnel manager who takes in charge for nursing services was 'nurse' in 61.7% and 41.2% worked as the final decision maker related to nursing work. The OH nurses' opinions about factors affecting to the management were classified in the four areas such as 'Nature(Quality) of health professional'. 'Content of OHNS', 'Delivery system of the GOHS', and 'Others'. The factors were indicated highly in 'Authority as health professional', 'Level of perception of director on the OH' and 'Physical work condition for OHNS'. The things that this study suggests in the recommendation would be summarized in such as the management and supporting system working for SSE in the OHNS is necessary to reform thoroughly. The reconsidered aspects might be in the matters of number of workplaces undertaken by nurses, development of effectively practical health documents, preparation for guideline of the laboratory test in the workpleces, establishment of convenient and encouraging support system and cooperation between other health professionals with respect and skill.

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Effects of Restricted Feeding during Growing Period on Growth and Endocrine Profile in Layers (산란계의 육성기 제한급여가 체성장 특성 및 내분비 변화에 미치는 영향 미치는 영향)

  • Kang, Hwan Ku;Cho, Jae Hoon;Kim, Ji Hyuk;Kang, Geun Ho;Yu, Dong Jo;Na, Jae Cheon;Kim, Dong Wook;Lee, Sang Jin;Kim, In Shik;Kim, Sang Ho
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.50 no.3
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    • pp.343-354
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    • 2008
  • The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of restricted feeding to pullet on growth and endocrine profile in layers(Isa brown). One thousand eighty brown-layer chicks were divided into three treatments; conventional feeding(ad libitum) and two restricted feedings(80% of conventional diet) for 70 weeks. One of restricted feeding started from seven to seventeen weeks of age, and the other started from twelve to seventeen weeks of age. Diets were formulated by NRC(1994) recommendation. Body weight and feed intake were measured every two weeks, and body composition and organ weight analyzed every week in rearing period and every eight weeks in laying period. Blood was collected at weighing body weight and was analyzed for the concentration of insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰand estradiol. Body weight and feed intake decreased as restriction of feeding begins comparing to ad libitum group(P<0.05), but reached to similar body weight and feed intake at 20 wk of age regardless of restriction. There were no significant differences in development of digestive tract and attached organs among the treatment groups. During rearing period, however, they were slightly higher in restricted group which was low in body weight. In terms of body composition, fat contents of restricted group were significantly lower(P<0.05) than that of ad libitum group around 1,000 grams of body weight. High concentration of IGF-Ⅰwas observed.