• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.169-174
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of perceived job insecurity, organizational commitment, and social climate on safety behavior and accidents. The research on this subject was conducted in the Korean National Railroad. The cross-level model was hypothesized to study causal relations among these variables. The cross level model combines individual level approach with group level approach. In this model supervisors(group level) affect organizational commitment(individual level) and at the same time safety climate(group level) influences safety behavior(individual level) positively. Traditionally operators have been blamed as accident causer. This study, however, shows that organizational and systematic factors are as much critical factors determining safety behavior and accidents.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.235-245
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• 2000

The purposes of this study were 1) to investigate usage level of production strategies based on group of production environment, 2) to investigate usage level of production systems based on group of production strategy, and 3) to analyze each of company performance based on group of production strategy and system. For this study, the questionnaires were administered to 215 apparel manufactures in metropolitan area from Feb. to Mar. 1998. Employing a sample of 201, data were analyzed by factor analysis, descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, discriminant analysis, and multivariate analysis of variance. The following are the results of this study. 1. Concerning production strategy due to group of production environment, the stable group and the complicated group prefer to rice/quality centered strategy but the level of usage for strategies is so pretty that it is not significant to carry out them. 2. Concerning production system due to group of production strategy, the workers centered group is occupied high in the price/quality centered group & the complex group. And also the product centered system is occupied high in the flexibility centered group. 3. Concerning company performance due to group of production strategy and system, the price/quality centered group holds low position of performance comparing to another groups. And the performance of the managers centered group is higher than that of the workers.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.562-566
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of herbal remedy using onion (HRO-1) supplementation on body weight change and cholesterol, triglyceride. free fatty acid, total lipid, phospholipid serum level in obesity mice. This study classified 32 of 4 weeks-old male C57BL/6 mice which have obesity caused by high fat fed into four groups of 8 mice and made the subjects medicated them HRO-1 for 6 weeks. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups; a normal group, a high-fat group, a high-fat group supplemented with HRO-1 (500 mg/kg), a high-fat group supplemented with HRO-1 (1000 mg/kg). In respect to the body weight change, there was statistically significant difference between the HRO-1 (1000 mg/kg) group compared to high-fat group (p<0.05). In the total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol level, there was statistically significant difference between the HRO-1 (1000 mg/kg) group compared to high-tat group (p<0.05). In the triglyceride and free fatty acid level, there was statistically significant difference between the normal group compared to high-fat group (p<0.05). In the total lipid and phospholipid level, there was statistically significant difference between the normal group compared to high-fat group (p<0.05). Also in the total lipid level, there was statistically significant difference between the HRO-1 group compared to high-fat group (p<0.05). The above results suggests that HRO-1 medicated is effective to prevention and treatment of obesity.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.198-209
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to test effects of traditional play based physical activity program on social competence. To obtain this purpose, the following research hypotheses were established. First, experimental group will show higher level of social activity than control group. Second, experimental group will show higher level of stability than control group. Third, experimental group will show higher level of cooperation than control group. Fourth, experimental group will show higher level of hypersensitiveness than control group. Forty eight four year children participated in this study. Iowa Social Competency Scale(Preschool Form) was used to measure children's social competence. Collected data were analyzed using t-test and analysis of covariance. The results of this study showed that program was effective in improving children's socal competence. These results were discussed in relation to previous study. Finally research questions for future study were suggested with comment on limitations of this study.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.199-204
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• 1994

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility, advantages/disadvantages of patient-controlled sedation (PCS) compared to anesthesiologist-controlled sedation (ACS) during neurolytic pain block and regional anesthesia. Forty patients were divided randomly into two groups of 20 patients each. Group 1(ACS) received 0.01 $mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ intravenous midazolam and 0.5 ${\mu}g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ fentanyl intravenously by anesthesiologist just before, 30, and 60 minutes after the procedure to acheive sedation; Group 2 (PCS) patients self-administered a mixture of midazolam (0.4 mg) and fentanyl ($20{\mu}g$) using a syringe type infusion pump (Terumo, Japan) to acheive sedation. Considering the dermographics of patients, the types and durations of procedure performed, the level of average sedation the comfort level were similar in both groups. But the doses of midazolam and fentanyl administerd in group 2 were smaller than those in group 1 (p<0.01). Patients in PCS group showed their level of sedation more proper than did those in ACS group. However, patients in ACS group rated their level of comfort higher than did those in PCS group. The findings of this study indicate that PCS using a combination of midazolam and fentanyl is a fafe and effective technique. More studies are, however, needed to determinc the best choice of drug(s), doses, lock-out intervals, and possible use of continuous infusion with patient-controlled sedation.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.131-153
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• 2001

The author measured IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 levels of 22 ears-11 ears of them had treated by antibiotics, 11 of them by Kami-hyunggyeyungyotang-of pediatric recurrent otitis media with effusion using ELISA assay, and compared them. The results were obtained as follows. 1. The level of IgG1 in Kami-hyunggyeyungyotang group was significantly higher than that in antibiotics group(P=0.002). 2. The level of IgG2 in Kami-hyunggyeyungyotang group was higher than that in antibiotics group(P=0.178). 3. The level of IgG3 in Kami-hyunggyeyungyotang group was higher than that in antibiotics group(P=0.215). 4. The level of IgG4 in Kami-hyunggyeyungyotang group was higher than that in antibiotics group(P=0.198). According to above results, Kami-hyunggyeyungyotang is considered to be used for treatment 'recurrent otitis media with effusion' by controlling the production of immunoglobulins.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 2003

Dietary conjugated linoleic acid(CLA) has been shown to affect immune function. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of CLA on the mice that treated prednisone. Mice were randomized into 6 groups and fed diet containing either 0(control, P), 0.5%(CLA1, CP1) or 1.5%(CLA2, CP2) CLA for Sweets. Before 1 week of finishing diet supplement CP1, CP2, and P group treated the prednisone by subcutaneous injection. The levels of serum immunoglobulin A, G, E, gut lumen s-IgA, MLN immunoglobulin A, body weight, mucosal protein was compared. The level of serum IgA in CLA1, CLA2, CP1, and CP2 group increased, while which of P group was decreased. The level of serum IgG in CLA 1 group increased, while which of the other group no differences. Serum IgE level showed no difference and the immunoglobulin production in MLN lymphocyte in CLA 1 group increased. The level of gut lumen s-IgA in P group showed decreased, while which of the other group showed no differences. These results support the view that CLA supplement partially enhance the cell-mediated immunity and overcome the immunosuppressive effect of prednisone.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.85-97
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• 2008

1. Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-aging and anti-oxidant effects of Hyeongbangjiwhang-tang decoction(HGD) in SD rats. 2. Methods This experiment was used the tissue of kidney, bladder and spleen cells of 6, 52 and 68 weeks old SD rats. Each age group was again divided into three groups. One group, as normal group, was not-treated cells, another group, as control group, was saline-treated cells, and the last group, as experimental group, was HG-treated cells. After culture for 48 hours, each groups measured the level of SOD, GSH, MDA and NO in the tissue of kidney, bladder and spleen cells. 3. Results and Conclusions The activity of SOD were significantly increased in kidney cell of 68 w-HGD group, bladder cell of 52 w-HGD group and in spleen cell of 52,68 w-HGD group compared with those of the control groups. The level of GSH were significantly increased in bladder cell of 52w-HGD group and in spleen cell of 68w-HGD group compared with those of the control groups. The level of MDA were significantly decreased in bladder cell of 68 w-HGD group and in spleen cell of 68w-HGD group compared with those of the control groups. The level of NO were significantly decreased in kidney cell of 68 w-HGD group, bladder cell of 52, 68w-HGD groups, and in spleen cell of 68w-HGD group compared with those of the control groups. These results suggest that HGD(Hyeongbangjiwhang-tang) has anti-oxidant effects in aged rats.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.110-115
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• 1987

This study was done in order to help alleviate or prevent the anxiety resulting from cardiac catheterization among adult patients. This goal may be re-ached through providing relaxation techenique to the patients. Such an informativeness would make it possible to establish a basis for comprehensive nursing intervention. The results of this study are summarized as fellows: 1. The first hypothesis:“The experimental group with relaxation informativeness will have less score of state anxiety level before cardiac catheterization than the control group without relaxation informativeness”was accepted. (t=3.72, p=.001). 2. The second hypothesis: “The experimental group with relaxation technique informativeness will have less score of distress level during the procedure than the control group without relaxation technique informativeness”was accepted. (t=2.36, p=.023) 3. Additional analysis; It is seen that most cardiac patients were satisfied with precardiac catheterization procedure information provided by medical teams. (experimental group: 90%, control group: 85%) The relaxation technique informativeness contributed to the decrease of anxiety level. Patients showed interest in reusing the relaxation technique informativeness in the event of further need. In conclusion, the researcher thinks that it is necessary that nurses provide Patients with relaxation technique to reduce the anxiety level with cardiac catheterigation. This will enable them to practice effective comprehensive nursing.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.3-8
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to investigate the specificity of the effort of massage on hamstring muscles extensibility a9 measured by fingertip to floor test. The participant were healthy young men(n=25). Manual massage was applied to the posterior aspects of the both thigh (hamsting portion) during 20 mins. We measured four times ; that is, after rest 20 mins-before massage, immediately after massage, immediately after massage and 20 mins. after massage. As the middle fingers are reaching beyond the floor level, the level was considered as ( + ) level. And the middle fingers did not touch the 리oor, the level was considered as ( - ) level. Results were as fellows : 1) There was significant difference between group 1 and group 2(P<0.05), 2) There was no significant difference between group 2 and group 3(P>0.05). 3) There was no significant difference between group 3 and group 4(P>0.05). Therefore, the extensibility of hamstring muscles was increased after massage more than rest during 20 mins, before massage, and the effects of massage application were prolonged during 20 mins, after massage.