• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.639-652
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• 2012

A three-dimensional discrete fracture network model was developed in order to simulate the hydraulic characteristics of a granitic rock mass at Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) Underground Research Tunnel (KURT). The model used a three-dimensional discrete fracture network (DFN), assuming a correlation between the length and aperture of the fractures, and a trapezoid flow path in the fractures. These assumptions that previous studies have not considered could make the developed model more practical and reasonable. The geologic and hydraulic data of the fractures were obtained in the rock mass at the KURT. Then, these data were applied to the developed fracture discrete network model. The model was applied in estimating the representative elementary volume (REV), the equivalent hydraulic conductivity tensors, and the amount of groundwater inflow into the tunnel. The developed discrete fracture network model can determine the REV size for the rock mass with respect to the hydraulic behavior and estimate the groundwater flow into the tunnel at the KURT. Therefore, the assumptions that the fracture length is correlated to the fracture aperture and the flow in a fracture occurs in a trapezoid shape appear to be effective in the DFN analysis used to estimate the hydraulic behavior of the fractured rock mass.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.101-113
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• 2012

The degradation of a tunnel drainage system leads to increases in pore water pressure around the tunnel and the lining stress, which results in affecting the tunnel stability. In the present study of the Namsan 3th tunnel, more than 30 year old tunnel, the effects of the drainage performance reduction due to drain hole clogging on the tunnel lining stability were investigated by examining pore water pressure distribution around the tunnel and the lining stresses through numerical analysis. Groundwater flow modeling on the Mt. Namsan region was done first and 3D seepage and coupled stress-pore water pressure finite element analysis were performed on the tunnel using the results of the groundwater flow modeling. The pore water pressure distribution and the tunnel lining stresses could be predicted using a drain hole outflow data measured in the tunnel site. This analysis method may be used to evaluate the current stability of old tunnels for which in most cases field investigations and related information are not readily available.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.149-162
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• 2010

The most serious problem in oil stockpiles with artificial underground cavern is maintaining the stability of ground water system. In order to understand the ground water system around K-1 site, we determined the regional flow direction and level distribution of groundwater, and investigated the major geologic factors influencing their flow system. Reactivated surface along the contact between granite and gneiss, and fractures and faults along the long acidic dyke may contribute as important pathways for groundwater flow. Within K-1 site, groundwater level fluctuation is closely related to the rainfall events and injection from surface or influx water. In this project, the effect of groundwater pumping from the southern wells was examined. Based on equations relating water level drawdown to pumping rate at those wells, their pumped outflow of groundwater ranged from $80\;m^3$/day to less than $250\;m^3$/day. The modeling results with MODFLOW imply that the previous groundwater pumping at distance of 1.2 km may not affect the groundwater level variations of the K-1 site. However, continuous pumping work at quantity over $250\;m^3$/day in this area will be able to affect the groundwater system of the K-1 site, particularly along the acidic dyke.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.113-122
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• 2019

In this study, the flow analysis to evaluate the extent of groundwater decline and the effect of the small valleys caused by the decrease of groundwater level in the construction of road tunnel, and the pollutant movement analysis to evaluate pollution of nearby water source by pollutant discharge during tunnel construction, respectively. The decrease of the groundwater during the 30 month tunnel excavation period was maximum 27 m and it was found to be the largest within 50 m from the tunnel center. The flow of groundwater is shown in the form of flowing into the tunnels and the effects of groundwater level decline were observed up to a tunnel radius of 200 m. As a result of the numerical modeling of the contaminant transport to examine the influence of the polluted water discharge from the tunnel, the range of the turbid water generated at the end of the tunnel is up to 120 m and it is estimated that the risk of contamination of the small river is not large.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.325-330
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• 2016

The second phase of low- and intermediate-level waste (LILW) disposal facility is under planned on the sedimentary rock in unsaturated zone. In this study, we created two meshes which were a matrix continuum mesh and a fracture continuum mesh to carry out 2 dimensional numerical modeling for groundwater flow in the unsaturated zone containing fractures focused on the second phase of LILW disposal facility. Two continuum meshes were developed using MINC in meshmaker module of TOUGH2 code. A fracture continuum mesh was included the k-field distribution of the permeability derived from the Discrete Fractured Network (DFN) modeling. To apply the unsaturated zone for the modeling, the gridding steps to generate mesh were developed. Each step to generate a mesh consisted of definition of materials, setting the initial conditions and creating grids using MINC. The methodology development of meshes in this study will be applied for more precise modeling of groundwater flow and mass transport.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.22-35
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• 2016

Global climate change could have an impact on hydrological process of a watershed and result in problems with future water supply by influencing the recharge process into the aquifer. This study aims to assess the change of groundwater recharge rate by climate change and to predict the sustainability of groundwater resource in Pyoseon watershed, Jeju Island. For the prediction, the groundwater recharge rate of the study area was estimated based on two future climate scenarios (RCP 4.5, RCP 8.5) by using the Soil Water Balance (SWB) computer code. The calculated groundwater recharge rate was used for groundwater flow simulation and the change of groundwater level according to the climate change was predicted using a numerical simulation program (FEFLOW 6.1). The average recharge rate from 2020 to 2100 was predicted to decrease by 10~12% compared to the current situation (1990~2015) while the evapotranspiration and the direct runoff rate would increase at both climate scenarios. The decrease in groundwater recharge rate due to the climate change results in the decline of groundwater level. In some monitoring wells, the predicted mean groundwater level at the year of the lowest water level was estimated to be lower by 60~70 m than the current situation. The model also predicted that temporal fluctuation of groundwater recharge, runoff and evapotranspiration would become more severe as a result of climate change, making the sustainable management of water resource more challenging in the future. Our study results demonstrate that the future availability of water resources highly depends on climate change. Thus, intensive studies on climate changes and water resources should be performed based on the sufficient data, advanced climate change scenarios, and improved modeling methodology.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.519-526
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• 2000

강수량 변동에 따른 사면 내의 지하수유동과 사면의 안정성 변화를 동시에 분석.평가하기 위하여 하나의 완전 연동된 수리지질역학적 모델을 제시하였다. 이 모델은 변형성 지질매체 내에서의 지하수유동을 설명하는 일련의 지배식들과 Galerkin 유한요소법에 기초하여 개발되었다. 1990년부터 1999년까지의 서울지역의 건기 (1월) 및 우기 (8월) 강수량 하에 있는 토양 사면에 대해 개발된 모델을 적용하여 일련의 수치실험을 실시하였다. 수치실험의 결과는 강수량이 증가함에 따라 사면의 수리역학적 안정성이 전반적으로 악화됨을 보여준다. 즉 강수량이 증가할수록 공극수압이 증가하고 지하수면이 상승한다. 그 결과 불포화대가 축소되고 삼출면이 팽창되며 사면의 전단부를 따라 지하수유동속도가 증가하게 된다. 동시에 강수량이 증가할수록 사면 전단부를 향해 전반적인 변위량이 증가한다. 그 결과 안전율이 1 이하인 불안전한 지역이 사면 전단부에서 사면 상부 쪽으로 전파.팽창되며 그 두께도 증가한다. 수치실험의 결과는 또한 사면의 표면에서는 전단파괴와 더불어 인장파괴도 발생할 수 있음을 보여준다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.87-91
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• 1998

Unused irrigation water due to delivery losses and overflow from paddies in an irrigation system, and groundwater releases from infiltration are eventually returned to stream. The estimate of irrigation returnflow is important to streamflow modeling and water resources planning. This study was to field monitor the irrigation water use, streamflow, lateral inflow and ground water level, and to determine the return flow of irrigation water

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.145-145
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• 2019

Groundwater and rainwater are the only sources of freshwater in small islands as many islands lack surface water sources. Groundwater occurring in the form of freshwater lens floating on denser seawater is highly dependent on natural recharge from rainfall. A sharp interface numerical model for regional and well scale modeling is selected to assess the sustainability of freshwater lens in the island of Tongatapu. In this study, 29 downscaled General Circulation Model(GCM) predictions are input to the recharge model based on water balance modelling. Three GCM predictions which represent wet, dry and medium conditions are selected for use in the groundwater flow model. Total freshwater volume and number of saltwater intruded wells are simulated under various climate scenarios with GCM predicted rainfall pattern, sea level rise and pumping. Simulations indicate that the sustainability of the freshwater lens is threatened by the frequent droughts which are predicted under all scenarios of recharge. The natural depletion of the lens during droughts and increase in water demands, leads to saltwater upconing under the pumping wells. Implementation of drought management measures is of utmost importance to ensure sustainability of freshwater lens in future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.705-712
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• 2000

The fluid generally flows through fractures in crystalline rocks where most of underground storage facilities are constructed because of their low hydraulic conductivities. The fractured rock is better to be conceptualized with a discrete fracture concept, rather continuum approach. In the aspect of fluid flow in underground, the simultaneous flow of groundwater and gas should be considered in the cases of generation and leakage of gas in nuclear waste disposal facilities, air sparging process and soil vapor extraction for eliminating contaminants in soil or rock pore, and pneumatic fracturing for the improvement of permeability of rock mass. For the purpose of appropriate analysis of groundwater-gas flow, this study presents an unsteady-state multi-phase FEM fracture network simulator. Numerical simulation has been also conducted to investigate the hydraulic head distribution and air tightness around Ulsan LPG storage cavern. The recorded hydraulic head at the observation well Y was -5 to -10 m. From the results obtained by the developed model, it shows that the discrete fracture model yielded hydraulic head of -10 m, whereas great discrepancy with the field data was observed in the case of equivalent continuum modeling. The air tightness of individual fractures around cavern was examined according to two different operating pressures and as a result, only several numbers of fractures neighboring the cavern did not satisfy the criteria of air tightness at 882 kPa of cavern pressure. In the meantime, when operating pressure is 710.5 kPa, the most areas did not satisfy air tightness criteria. Finally, in the case of gas leaking from cavern to the surrounding rocks, the resulted hydraulic head and flowing pattern was changed and, therefore, gas was leaked out from the cavern ceiling and groundwater was flowed into the cavern through the walls.