• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2003년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.63-66
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• 2003

This study applied a hydrogeological field survey and isotope investigation to identify source locations and delineate pathways of groundwater contamination by nitrogen compounds. The infiltration and recharge processes were analyzed with groundwater-level fluctuation data and oxygen-hydrogen stable isotope data. The groundwater flow pattern was investigated through groundwater flow modeling and spatial and temporal variation of oxygen isotope data. Based on the flow analysis and nitrogen isotope data, source types of nitrate contamination in groundwater are identified. Groundwater recharge largely occurs in spring and summer due to precipitation or irrigation water in rice fields. Based on oxygen isotope data and cross-correlation between precipitation and groundwater level changes, groundwater recharge was found to be mainly caused by irrigation in spring and by precipitation at other times. The groundwater flow velocity calculated by a time series of spatial correlations, 231 m/yr, is in good accordance with the linear velocity estimated from hydrogeologic data. Nitrate contamination sources are natural and fertilized soils as non-point sources, and septic and animal wastes as point sources. Seasonal loading and spatial distribution of nitrate sources are estimated by using oxygen and nitrogen isotopic data.

• 물과 미래
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.19-29
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• 1973

The progressive contamination of water resulted from man's activity and the use of fertilizers is not restricted only to surface water, but also the shallow groundwater is affected. This type of groundwater contamination is mainly restricted to areas composed of permeable, nonconsolidated sediments forming a shallow aquifer. The chloride and the sulfate resulted from man's activity and the use of fertilizers were measured to study the variations of the groundwater contamination. In general, (1) When water level rises, the rate of groundwater contamination becomes less and when water level declines, the rate of contamination is increased. (2) The highly contaminated season is the early-summer and the less contaminated season is the winter or after rainy season. (3) The groundwater in weathering zone without covering layer. (4) The degree of contamination of wells is increased with the increase of well depth and lowing the water table, because of increasing contaminated water from enlargement of the area of influence of the well.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.144-153
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• 2007

Groundwater ubiquity score(GUS)를 이용하여 제주도 농가에서 많이 사용되고 있는 농약에 대한 지하수 오염가능성을 평가하고 등급화 하였다. 살충제 12종, 제초제 6종, 살균제 3종을 선정하여 제주도 20개 토양통에 대한 흡착특성과 농약의 이화학적 특성을 이용하여 GUS를 구하였다. 제주도 토양에서 조사된 각종 농약의 전반적인 지하수 오염가능성은 제초제 > 살균제 > 살충제 순서이었다. 제초제의 지하수 오염가능성의 크기는 bromacil > metolachlor > alachlor > linuron pretilachlor > butachlor 순서로 나타났다. 살충제의 지하수 오염가능성의 크기는 carbofuran > ethoprophos > diazinone > dimethoate > penthoate > mecarbam > methidathion > endosulfan > fenitrothion > parathion > chlorpyrifos > terbufos 순서로 나타났다. 살균제의 지하수 오염가능성의 크기는 metalaxyl > chlorothalonil > triadimefon 순서로 나타났다. 이들 농약 중에서 특히 지하수 오염가능성이 높은 것으로 분류된 것은 제초제 alachlor, metolachlor, bromacil, 살충제 ethorophos와 carbofuran 그리고 살균제 metalaxyl이었다. 농약에 의한 지하수 오염을 방지하기 위해서는 농약의 절대 사용을 줄일 수 있는 방안을 마련함과 동시에 지하수 오염가능성이 낮고 오염시킨 예가 적은 약제의 선별적 사용이 바람직할 것이다. 그리고 특히 오염가능성이 매우 높은 것으로 평가되고 오염의 예가 많은 약제에 대해서는 적극적인 사용제한 방안을 마련할 필요도 있을 것이다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2001년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.85-88
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• 2001

Since mountainous area has access restrictions for field work, assessors need to establish a conceptual model of the contamination prior to the field investigation. In this study we established a conceptual model of the contamination based on site inspection and geological survey, followed by the field investigation for the petroleum spill site. In the conceptual model, we estimated that tile contamination should have spread by groundwater and topographical characteristics within the top soil layer. The spread of contamination through rock was not considered in the conceptual model due to impermeable characteristics of metasyenite. The contaminated environmental media of the petroleum spill site include soil and groundwater. According to the analysis result of the contamination, the volume of contaminated soil is estimated approximately 4, 150 cubic meters (7, 055 ton) with most contaminants existing along the groundwater flow within top soil layer.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2003년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.501-504
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• 2003

Sulfur isotope composition was used to identify the sources of groundwater contamination near abandonded coal mines. From the analysis of mine adit drainages, tailing seepages, and spring waters near the abandonded Hambaek and Hanchang coal mines in Kangwon Province, it was inferred that it the highly possible source of the contamination of spring water is acid mine drainage(AMD). Sulfur isotope composition showed that seepage from tailings seemed to have more effect on the groundwater contamination than mine adit drainage, which suggests the remediation and anti-contamination methods of tailing seepages not only mine adit drainage are required.

• 대한지하수환경학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1995

매립장에서의 쓰레기는 주변 지역에 지하수오염, 악취, 유독가스 발생 등 큰 문제를 일으키고 있다. 본 연구에서는 최근에 부산시에서 만 6년 동안 사용해 왔었던 석대 폐기물 매립장 주변의 지하수 오염실태를 파악하고, 그 오염을 최소화할 수 있는 방안 연구를 목표로 매립장 주변의 우물과 시추공 내의 지하수위, 수질, 대수층 특성 등을 조사하고, 또 주변 하천의 수질, 매립장 일대의 지하수 분포 및 유동 상태 등을 연구하였다. 그 결과 지하로 침투하는 순수 침출수량은 일 평균 약 520 m$^3$로 추정되며, 침출수에 의한 지하수 오염범위가 매립장 중심에서 약 1-1.5 km 정도 까지에 이른다. 오염물질도 중금속류를 비롯한 기타 유해 성분들이 다량 존재한다. 앞으로 이 일대의 지하수를 보전 및 관리하기 위해서는 매립장과 지하수오염물질이 확산되고 있는 곳에 감시정을 여러개 설치하여 지하수위와 수질을 주기적으로 조사하고, 채수정을 설치하여 오염된 지하수를 뽑아내어 침출수 처리장에서 처리한 후 하천에 방류하여야 한다. 아울러 지하수 오염물질이 확산되고 있는 매립장 주변 지역에 차수벽 설치가 요구된다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.30-40
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• 2018

To evaluate potential impacts of shallow groundwater by the leachate from buried carcass, we investigated hydrochemical characteristics of both leachate and shallow groundwater from monitoring wells and surrounding shallow groundwater wells in an area potentially affected by pig carcass burial. The hydrochemical survey was conducted before and after the relocation of a burial pit. The leachate samples and the groundwater affected by leachate showed the hydrochemistry of $Ca-HCO_3$ type with high $NH_4{^+}$ concentrations, while unaffected groundwater was mostly the $Ca(Na)-Cl+NO_3$ type due to pervasive impacts from agrochemicals. The results of factor analysis on hydrochemical data showed the followings: 1) contamination of groundwater from agro-livestock farming and livestock burial are coexisting in the study area, 2) among ionic species, $HCO_3{^-}$, $NH_4{^+}$, $NO_3{^-}$ and Mn are very useful to differentiate the groundwater contamination from leachate, and 3) groundwater contamination by leachate has been recognized around the monitoring wells even after the relocation of a burial pit, likely due to residual contaminants in surrounding soils. Therefore, it is suggested that continued monitoring of groundwater contamination should be conducted after the relocation of carcass burial pits.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.459-462
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• 2004

This study assesses groundwater vulnerability to contaminants in 12 administrative districts of the city of Changwon, using DRASTIC technique. DRASTIC was originally applied to situations in which the contamination sources are at the ground surface, and the contaminants flow into the groundwater with infiltration of rainfall. However, groundwater contamination in urban areas can also be related to excessive pumping resulting in a lowering of the water level. The correlation coefficient between minimum DRASTIC indices and the degree of poor water quality for 10 districts is low as 0.40. The correlation coefficients between minimum DRASTIC indices and the groundwater discharge rate, and between minimum DRASTIC indices and well density per unit area are 0.70 and 0.87, respectively. Thus, to evaluate the potential of groundwater contamination in urban areas, it is necessary to consider other factors such as groundwater withdrawal rate and well density per unit area with ratings and weights as well as the existing six DRASTIC factors.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.106-112
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• 2011

This study developed preliminary assessment methodology for priority listing of soil and groundwater contamination sources, considering source characteristics, local environments and risk receptors. Source characteristics were evaluated by scoring relative risk of contamination sources. Local environments were evaluated by scoring annual rainfall, hydraulic conductivity of aquifer, and annual groundwater use. Risk receptors were evaluated by scoring local population, direct distance to surface water, direct distance to drinking-water wells. Scores of each parameter were allocated by analysing distribution of parameter values obtained from government databases. Distributed scores of source characteristics local environments: risk receptors were 12 : 12 : 12. The preliminary assessment scored 0 to 36 for each soil and groundwater sources. Inventory of soil and groundwater sources consisted of 7 categories. This study applied the preliminary assessment methodology to Manan-Gu, Anyang City, Korea. The number of car repair and washing facility was the largest in the contamination source inventory. Petroleum storage facilities showed the highest assessment score. The preliminary assessment methodology also indicated that Anyang-Dong was the priority section among Anyang-Dong, Suksu-Dong, Bakdal-Dong. This study is the first trial for relative ranking soil and groundwater contamination sources by considering source and local characteristics. Therefore, further researches and revision of the preliminary assessment methodology need to be pursued for various applications.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.24-29
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• 2014

To data, there was no systematic basis for establishing the content and allowed levels of general contamination substances in the Korean groundwater quality standards for non-drinking water. Recently, use of specific procedures for deriving valid groundwater quality standards have become mandatory. This study first investigated the methodology for deriving groundwater quality standards in the European Commission (EC), considering background groundwater quality and domestic and international standards related to water quality. Furthermore, this study investigated the existing specified procedure of standards related to water quality (e.g. surface water, drinking water, and wastewater). Our findings showed that EC and Member States presented the methods for deriving groundwater threshold values for general chemicals. Finally, we have proposed the following procedures of deriving Korean groundwater quality: (1) Selection of groundwater pollutant population, (2) selection and monitoring of priority substances, (3) monitoring, (4) selection of groundwater quality standard candidates, (5) selection of new substances and values for groundwater quality standards.