• 농업과학연구
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.226-236
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• 1997

The results obtained by elasto-plastic analysis method about the displacement, deformation and stability on the soft ground excavation using sheet pile were summarized as follows ; 1. In the case of strut 1 step, the maximum wall displacement value in the first and the second excavation was small, but it increase remarkably after the third excavation and when the excavation depth was 8m, the point of maximum wall displacement was shown 0.75H~0.8H. 2. The value of safety factor(Fs) was increased with increasing of the penetration depth of sheet pile, cohesion and internal friction angle of ground. Safety factor was mostly effected by penetration depth of sheet pile and more effected by cohesion than internal friction angle of ground. 3. Since the deformation of sheet pile of this ground from the results of analysis and measurement increased remarkabaly after 6m excavation depth, it was desirable that the point of strut installation was GL-6m. 4. Safe excavation depth on ground by analysis considered penetration depth, cohesion and internal friction was shown at the table 3.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.531-546
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• 2022

Ground displacements caused by the construction of overlapping twin shield tunnels with small turning radius are complex, especially under special geological conditions of construction. To investigate the ground displacements caused due to shield machines in the unique calcareous sand layers in Israel for the first time and determine the main factors affecting the ground displacements, field monitoring, laboratory geological analysis, theoretical calculations, and parameter studies were adopted. By using rod extensometers, inclinometers, total stations, and automatic segment-displacement monitors, subsurface tunneling-induced displacement, surface settlement, and displacement of the down-track tunnel segments caused by the construction of an up-track tunnel were analyzed. The up-track tunnel and the down-track tunnel pass through different stratum, resulting in different construction parameters and ground displacements. The laws of variation of thrust and torque, soil pressure in the chamber, excavated soil quantity, synchronous grouting pressure, and grout volume of the two tunnels from parallel to fully overlapping orientations were compared. The thrust and torque of the shield in the fine sand are larger than those in the Kurkar layer, and the grouting amount in fine sand is unstable. According to fuzzy statistics and Gaussian curve fitting of the shield tunneling speed, the tunneling speed in the Kurkar stratum is twice that in the fine-sand stratum.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.23-33
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• 2015

소단은 굴착 후 지지구조물이 설치되기 전 벽체의 강성과 더불어 가설벽체의 안정성을 좌우하는 역할을 한다. 특히 굴착지반이 느슨하거나 연약한 경우 소단의 역할은 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 소단을 이용한 도심지 버팀굴착현장의 계측결과와 수치해석을 사용하여 가설벽체의 최대수평변위에 미치는 소단의 규모(폭과 경사) 및 굴착깊이, 지반물성의 영향을 분석하였다. 계측결과 소단 폭이 짧아질수록 벽체의 수평변위는 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 수치해석 결과 소단의 경사가 급해질수록, 소단폭이 짧아질수록 최대수평변위량은 크게 나타나 소단이 벽체의 변위를 억제하는데 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 굴착심도가 깊어질수록 소단폭과 경사의 영향을 크게 받는 것으로 나타났다. 동일한 소단 조건에서 지반물성이 높을수록 벽체의 최대수평변위를 억제하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 춘계 학술발표회
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• pp.571-576
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• 2010

In this study, an application method of critical strains concept for tunnels' safety by using the values of measured displacements which are obtained in the field is discussed. The aim is to: (1) study on the engineering meanings of critical strains concept by reviewing the previous researches and application examples with measured displacement values; (2) study on the engineering reasonability of critical strains concept with the view point of a tunnel engineering and a geotechnical engineering; (3) study on the features of ground deformation due to tunneling and reciprocal relation between total displacement and measured displacement; (4) evaluate a tunnel safety by using domestic measurements collected in the field; and (5) re-evaluate the control criteria which were previously used in the field, with the view point of critical strains concept. Consequently, it was confirmed that critical strains in the ground has a reasonability and a possibility of unified or common concept with the view point of a tunnel engineering.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.665-677
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• 2019

This study utilizes large-scale shake table test to investigate the seismic performance of an isolated bridge with lead rubber bearings crossing an active fault. Two transverse restraining systems with and without shear keys are tested by applying spatially varying ground motions. It is shown that the near-fault span exhibits larger bearing displacement than the crossing-fault span. Bridge piers away from the fault rupture are more vulnerable than those adjacent to the fault rupture by attracting more seismic demand. It is also verified that the shear keys are effective in restraining the bearing displacement on the near-fault span, particularly under the large permanent ground displacement.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2017

In this study, triggering mechanism of ground sinking was analyzed through groundwater flow analysis on the basis of a case of the ground sinking occurred in Yongsan in 2015. The results of geotechnical investigation performed before and after the ground sinking were analyzed for the accurate understanding of geological features in the study area. The numerical groundwater flow analysis was performed to evaluate the influence of the flow behavior from the surrounding area toward the excavated site using software of Visual MODFLOW. As a result, it was found from the geotechnical analysis that the strata of sedimentary layer along the sunken area in the vertical direction was mixed significantly after the ground sinking compared with the status of the soil condition before the ground sinking. Piping was occurred at the toe of cut-off wall in the sandy gravel layer, and this phenomenon was predicted by the numerical flow analysis. Sequential ground displacement scenario of the ground sinking was derived from the geotechnical in situ test and numerical flow analysis performed in this study.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2006

최근 우리나라는 연약지반으로 구성된 서해안과 남해안의 해안매립지역에 도로, 신항 등 건설사업 진행시 수평하중이 말뚝두부에 작용할 경우, 지반은 부동의 상태에서 말뚝의 이동에 저항하여 작용하는 연약지반의 측방유동과 수동말뚝에 대한 문제점이 종종 논의되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 인천 ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ 부두 건설공사 과정에서 발생되는 측방유동에 따른 구조물 및 지반의 변형을 분석하기 위하여 현장계측을 실시하였고, 유한요소 해석 프로그램인 AFFIMEX Version 3.4를 이용하여 현장계측 결과와 비교분석하였다. 수치해석에 의한 변위 결과는 시공단계별로 초기응력상태, 말뚝항타, 모래치환, 사석층설치, 준설매립, 배수층설치, 상재하중재하, 상재하중재하 및 제하 후 방치 등으로 구분하여 구조물과 기초지반에 발생된 연직 및 측방 변위를 분석하였다. 현장계측과 수치해석 결과, 안벽호안의 침하량은 계측이 시작된 시점으로부터는 이미 많은 침하가 발생된 것으로 나타났으며, 계측일로부터는 준설매립에 의한 성토작업을 개시하는 시점에서 가장 많은 양의 침하가 발생되었고, 성토가 완료된 시점으로부터 침하량은 수렴하였다. 전체적으로 수치해석에 의한 결과치가 계측을 통한 결과치보다 크게 나타났다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.407-420
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• 2016

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of vertical ground motion (VGM) on seismic behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) regular frame with construction joints, and determine more proper modeling method for cast-in-situ RC frame. The four-story RC frames in the regions of 7, 8 and 9 earthquake intensity were analyzed with nonlinear dynamic time-history method. Two different methods of ground motion input, horizontal ground motion (HGM) input only, VGM and HGM input simultaneously were performed. Seismic responses in terms of the maximum vertex displacement, the maximum inter-story drift distribution and the plastic hinge distribution were analyzed. The results show that VGM might increase or decrease the horizontal maximum vertex displacement depending on the value of axial load ratio of column. And it will increase the maximum inter-story drift and change its distribution. Finally, proper modeling method is proposed according to the distribution of plastic hinges, which is in well agreement with the actual earthquake damage.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.769-774
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• 2018

The growth of cities requires the construction of new tunnels close to the existing ones. Prediction and control of ground movement around the tunnel are important especially in urban area. The ground respond due to EPB (Earth Pressure Balance) pressure are investigated using the finite element method by ABAQUS in intersection of the triplet tunnels (Line 2, 3 and 4) of Mashhad Urban Railway in Iran. Special attention is paid to the effect of EPB pressure on the tunnel face displacement. The results of the analysis show that in EPB tunneling, surface settlement and face displacement is related to EPB pressure. Moreover, it is found that tunnel construction sequence is a great effect in face displacement value. For this study, this value in Line 4 where is excavated after line 3, is smaller than that line. In addition, the trend of the displacement curves are changed with the depth for all lines where is located in above and below, close to and above the centerline tunnel face for Line 2, 3 and 4, respectively. It is concluded that: (i) the surface settlement decreases with increasing EPB pressure on the tunnel face; (ii) at a constant EPB pressure, the tunnel face displacement values increase with depth. In addition, this is depended on the tunneling sequence; (iii) the trend of the displacement curves change with the depth.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.291-299
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• 2014

There has been an increasing demand for introducing a base isolation system to secure the seismic safety of a nuclear power plant. However, the design criteria and the safety assessment methodology of a base isolated nuclear facility are still being developed. A performance based design concept for the base isolation system needs to be added to the general seismic design procedures. For the base isolation system, the displacement responses of isolators excited by the extended design basis earthquake are important as well as the design displacement. The possible displacement response by the extended design basis earthquake should be limited less than the failure displacement of the isolator. The failure of isolators were investigated by an experimental test to define the ultimate strain level of rubber bearings. The uncertainty analysis, considering the variations of the mechanical properties of isolators and input ground motions, was performed to estimate the probabilistic distribution of the isolator displacement. The relationship of the displacement response by each ground motion level was compared in view of a period elongation and a reduction of damping. Finally, several examples of isolator parameters are calculated and the considerations for an acceptable isolation design is discussed.