• Title/Summary/Keyword: ground building

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Seismic Reliability Analysis of Offshore Wind Turbine with Twisted Tripod Support using Subset Simulation Method (부분집합 시뮬레이션 방법을 이용한 꼬인 삼각대 지지구조를 갖는 해상풍력발전기의 지진 신뢰성 해석)

  • Park, Kwang-Yeun;Park, Wonsuk
    • Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.125-132
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    • 2019
  • This paper presents a seismic reliability analysis method for an offshore wind turbine with a twisted tripod support structure under earthquake loading. A three dimensional dynamic finite element model is proposed to consider the nonlinearity of the ground-pile interactions and the geometrical characteristics of the twisted tripod support structure where out-of-plane displacement occurs even under in-plane lateral loadings. For the evaluation of seismic reliability, the failure probability was calculated for the maximum horizontal displacement of the pile head, which is calculated from time history analysis using artificial earthquakes for the design return periods. The application of the subset simulation method using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo(MCMC) sampling is proposed for efficient reliability analysis considering the limit state equation evaluation by the nonlinear time history analysis. The proposed method can be applied to the reliability evaluation and design criteria development of the offshore wind turbine with twisted tripod support structure in which two dimensional models and static analysis can not produce accurate results.

A Landscape Restoration and Maintenance Plan in the Seonwonjeon of the Deoksugung Palace (덕수궁 선원전(璿源殿)영역의 조경 복원정비 계획)

  • So, Hyun-Su;Kim, Mi-Jeong
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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    • v.39 no.3
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    • pp.22-32
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    • 2021
  • The Seonwonjeon(璿源殿) in the Deoksugung Palace was initially the ritual space for the royal family affiliated with the Gyeongungung Palace during the Korean Empire. It is currently, however, empty, as a landscape restoration and maintenance plan is established as a part of the restoration project for the Seonwonjeon area. The following results were obtained through the historical investigation of the original form and examination of similar cases. First, the original topography of the backside grove, which had been in the Seonwonjeon area, is 3.0-5.0m higher than the base of the building, and a terraced flower bed(花階) was installed on the border of the green to set off the difference in a scenic way. Second, the backside grove was composed with fruit trees to bear fruits used in rites and pine trees which symbolize the ritual space. Third, resting places were established at both ends of the site for the convenience of visitors without interrupting the atmosphere of the sacred ground. A trail was also created inside the backside grove along with minimum landscape elements, including functionally required items, such as the signboard, bench, tree guard, ramp, street lights, and landscaping lights. Fourth, the information on original planting in the palace and ritual space was extracted through historical materials, such as literatures, antique paintings, and photographs along with site surveys. Based on the information acquired, a planting plan was established for the courtyard, pedestrian road, resting places, terraced flower bed, pine grove, and fruit tree garden, which constitute the landscaping space of the Seonwonjeon area.

Productivity Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Works and Tower Crane Working Ratio for High-rise Apartment Buildings (초고층 공동주택 RC 공사의 생산성 및 타워크레인 가동율 분석)

  • Kwon, Jihun;Huh, Youngki
    • Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.55-62
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    • 2021
  • The productivity of rebar-work and form-work was analyzed with data collected from an actual high-rise construction project, and the actual utilization rates of three tower cranes were also investigated. It was found that the average productivity of the form-work increased from 12.00~8.71(㎡/man·day) in the underground and above-ground/lower-floor to 11.94~20.73(㎡/man·day) in the standard floor. Comparing the productivity of core area to outer, the former was found to be about 11% higher. Moreover, the rebar-work productivity of the outer area(1.12 ton/man·day) was approximately 9.6% higher than that of the core area for the standard floor. The average utilization rates of three TC were surveyed to be about 63.49%, and it was revealed that rainy weather(6.1%), strong winds(6.1%), holidays(17.8%), TC lifting work(5.8%), and other failures and repairs(0.07%) were the causes of non-operation. These research results are expected to be beneficial data in planning and managing the process of high-rise RC construction works in the future.

Avaliable analysis of precise positioning using the LX-PPS GNSS permanent stations (LX-PPS GNSS 상시관측소의 정밀측위 활용 가능성 분석)

  • Ha, Jihyun;Park, Kwan-Dong;Kim, Hye-In
    • Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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    • v.51 no.1
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    • pp.23-38
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    • 2021
  • In this paper, we analyzed the possibility of utilizing LX-PPS GNSS permanent stations whose antennas are installed on the building rooftop for the purpose of high-precision GNSS positioning services. We picked 15 pairs of adjacent GNSS permanent stations operated by LX-PPS and NGII, and then produced 3-year-long time series using the high-precision data processing software called GIPSY. Patterns and trends of position estimates were compared and analyzed. Horizontal and vertical deviations including the linear velocities coincide with the well-known crustal deformation rates of the Korean peninsula. We also observed almost the same annual or seasonal patterns from those nearby sites. After detrending the linear velocity, the amplitude and phase of annual signals almost perfectly match each other within the baseline length of 2 km. By subtracting seasonal signals, the RMS and standard deviations in LX-PPS PPGR with respect to NGII KANR are about 1, 2, and 5 mm in the north-south, east-west, and vertical directions, respectively. From this analysis it can be concluded that the rooftop-installed LX-PPS sites show similar level of stability and positioning performance comparable to those ground-mounted NGII stations.

Liquefaction Hazard Assessment according to Seismic Recurrence Intervals Using Simple Estimating Method in Busan City, Korea (간이평가법을 이용한 지진재현주기별 부산광역시 액상화 재해 평가)

  • Lim, Hyunjee;Jeong, Rae-yoon;Oh, Dongha;Kang, Hyejin;Son, Moon
    • The Journal of Engineering Geology
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.589-602
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    • 2020
  • As can be seen in many earthquakes, liquefaction causes differential settlement, which sometimes produces serious damages such as building destruction and ground subsidence. There are many possible active faults near the Busan city and the Yangsan, Dongrae, and Ilgwang faults among them pass through the city. The Busan city is also located within the influence of recent earthquakes, which occurred in the Gyeongju, Pohang, and Kumamoto (Japan). Along the wide fault valleys in the city, the Quaternary unconsolidated alluvial sediments are thickly accumulated, and the reclaimed lands with beach sediments are widely distributed in the coastal area. A large earthquake near or in the Busan city is thus expected to cause major damage due to liquefaction in urban areas. This study conducted an assessment of the liquefaction hazard according to seismic recurrence intervals across the Busan city. As a result, although there are slight differences in degree depending on seismic recurrence intervals, it is predicted that the liquefaction potential is very high in the areas of the Nakdonggang Estuary, Busan Bay, Suyeong Bay, and Songjeong Station. In addition, it is shown that the shorter the seismic recurrence interval, the greater difference the liquefaction potential depending on site periods.

ITZ Analysis of Cement Matrix According to the Type of Lightweight Aggregate Using EIS (EIS를 활용한 경량골재 종류별 시멘트 경화체의 계면특성 분석)

  • Kim, Ho-Jin;Jung, Yoong-Hoon;Bae, Je-Hyun;Park, Sun-Gyu
    • Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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    • v.8 no.4
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    • pp.498-505
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    • 2020
  • Aggregate occupies about 70-85% of the concrete volume and is an important factor in reducing the drying shrinkage of concrete. However, when constructing high-rise buildings, it acts as a problem due to the high load of natural aggregates. If the load becomes large during the construction of a high-rise building, creep may occur and the ground may be eroded. Material costs increase and there are financial problems. In order to reduce the load on concrete, we are working to reduce the weight of aggregates. However, artificial lightweight aggregates affect the interface between the aggregate and the paste due to its higher absorption rate and lower adhesion strength than natural aggregates, affecting the overall strength of concrete. Therefore, in this study, in order to grasp the interface between natural aggregate and lightweight aggregate by type, we adopted a method of measuring electrical resistance using an EIS measuring device, which is a non-destructive test, and lightweight bone. The change in the state of the interface was tested on the outside of the material through a blast furnace slag coating. As a result of the experiment, it was confirmed that the electric resistance was about 90% lower than that in the air-dried state through the electrolyte immersion, and the electric resistance differs depending on the type of aggregate and the presence or absence of coating. As a result of the experiment, the difference in compressive strength depending on the type of aggregate and the presence or absence of coating was shown, and the difference in impedance value and phase angle for each type of lightweight aggregate was shown.

A Study on the necessity and Effect of constructive minilateralism and subregionalism in Northeast Asia: Focused on Korean perspective (关于东北亚地区内 "建设性的微边主义, 小区域主义" 制度 建设的必要性和效果的研究 -以韩国的视角为中心 -)

  • Kim, Jaekwan
    • Analyses & Alternatives
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.63-87
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    • 2020
  • This article not only theoretically explores the necessity and effect of constructive minilateralism and subregionalism in Northeast Asia, but also delves into a series of practical solutions from viewpoint of seeking common ground while reserving differences in this region. The main contents are as follows: First, the various obstacles that hinder the formation of regionalism, subregionalism and minilateralism in the Northeast Asia are discussed. That is to say, geopolitical realism, My Country First ideology, exclusive nationalism in the socio-historical context, and North Korea's latest provocations, etc. Second, this article explores the philosophy and basic principles of realizing Northeast Asia regionalism and minilateralism. Third, in the 21st century, Northeast Asia becomes the center of the world. It examines the core points, controversial focus and platform for building sub regionalism in the region. Finally, based on the institutional platform such as minilateralism and sub regionalism, the various ideas and practical plans of cross-border cooperation among major countries in Northeast Asia were discussed. Because there are a lot of obstacles, so first of all it is more appropriate to promote economic or functional minilateralism or sub regionalism than multilateral cooperation. In order to promote the formation of regionalism and minilateralism in Northeast Asia, the issues to be considered are as follows: First, for the sake of leading regional solidarity and minilateral economic cooperation, it is advisable for China, as a regional economic power, to implement a stable and responsible diplomacy. Secondly, regional solidarity based on credible politics and security should be promoted for a long time beyond the level of economic cooperation. Third, the primary prerequisite for the realization of Northeast Asian regionalism is that in the process of denuclearization of North Korea, the stability and peace mechanism of the Korean Peninsula should be established. Fourth, with the continued hegemonic competition between the United States and China in Northeast Asia, under the circumstance that countries in the region are pushed into so-called "East Asian Paradox", it is profoundly important for them to consider transition from the hostile relationship as the "Thucydides trap" to the order of "coexistence" in which competition and cooperation run side by side, and the two countries should explore a conversion plan for the foreign policy line. This mutual cooperation and peaceful coexistence of the US-China relationship will create a friendly atmosphere for the formation of regionalism in Northeast Asia. In the future, the cooperation of minilateralism in Northeast Asia will break the existing conflict between the maritime forces and the continental forces in order to promote peace. And along with the philosophy that "peace is economy", recent policies of common prosperity as the framework, such as China's "Belt and Road Initiative", North Korea's "Special Zone and Development Zone Policy", Russia's "New Eastern Policy", Japan's participation in the Belt and Road Initiative and South Korea's The "Korean Peninsula New Economy Map" are organically linked and it should promote the so-called "networked regionalism".

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A Study on the Application Method of Artificial Injection Test according to the Hydraulic Conductivity of Aquifer (대수층 수리지질특성에 따른 인공함양시험 적용 방법에 관한 연구)

  • Chae, Dong-Seok;Choi, Jin-O;Jeong, Hyeon-Cheol;Kim, Chang-Yong
    • The Journal of Engineering Geology
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    • v.31 no.4
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    • pp.589-601
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    • 2021
  • Artificial recharge technology is a method for solving problems such as groundwater level drop and ground subsidence caused by groundwater withdrawal. This study investigated the applicability of using the hydraulic conductivity of an aquifer to predict injection test results for aquifer restoration. Pumping and injection tests were performed under the same conditions as those for the artificial injection facility located in Icheon, Gyeonggi-do. The hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer, which plays a decisive role in restoring the groundwater level, was derived from the pumping test. A numerical model of a simplified on-site aquifer was constructed, and a transient analysis was applied with the same conditions as the pumping test. The correlation between the measured and the resulting model values is strong (R2 = 0.78). The injection test was performed in a sedimentary layer composed of silt sand and clay sand. From the results of the injection test, an empirical formula was derived using Theim's formula, which is a common well analysis solution to determine the parameters of the aquifer from time-level data. The model values from the empirical formula have a high degree of correlation (R2 = 0.99) with measured values. Under specific conditions, for areas where it is difficult to conduct an injection test, the formula from this study, which relies on the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer determined through the pumping test, may be used to predict reliable injection rates for groundwater restoration.

Mobile Underground High-capacity 3D Spatial Information Tiling Transfer Protocol Development (모바일 지하 대용량 3D 공간정보 타일링 전송 프로토콜 개발)

  • Lee, Tae Hyung;Jo, Won Je;Kim, Hyun Woo
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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    • v.39 no.6
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    • pp.491-496
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    • 2021
  • In line with the modern era in which the safety of underground facilities and the use of underground information are increasingly emphasized, the state is pushing for more precise and accurate underground spatial information to be secured and utilized. Therefore, we need to pay more attention to subsurface geospatial data. In the future, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport will actively utilize the 15 types of Integrated Underground Geospatial Information Map(6 types of underground facilities, 6 types of underground structures, 3 types of ground) that the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport is building as three-dimensional underground spatial information, and contribute greatly to improving national safety and convenience in underground construction. expected to do However, when a site manager requests an Integrated Underground Geospatial Information Map with a mobile device, if the large-capacity integrated underground space map is not quickly transmitted over the wireless section and is not serviced, it causes inconvenience to the site manager and delays work. In this paper, the goal of this paper is to enable field managers to quickly receive a tiled Integrated Underground Geospatial Information Map with minimal information exchange. Therefore, the tiling system is configured according to the dataset for high-speed Mobile Integrated Underground Geospatial Information Map transmission. In addition, a transmission system for the Mobile Integrated Underground Geospatial Information Map is established, and a TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)-based spatial information tiling transmission protocol dedicated to the on-site Integrated Underground Geospatial Information Map is developed.

A Dilemma of Kyrgyzstan Goes Through the Process of Nation-Building: National Security Problems and Independent National Defense Capability (국가건설과정에서 키르기스스탄의 국가안보와 자주국방의 딜레마)

  • Kim, Seun Rae
    • Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.27-52
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    • 2011
  • The regions of Central Asia have each acquired an elevated strategic importance in the new security paradigm of post-September 1lth. Comprised of five states, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, Central Asia's newly enhanced strategic importance stems from several other factors, ranging from trans-national threats posed by Islamic extremism, drug production and trafficking, to the geopolitical threats inherent in the region's location as a crossroads between Russia, Southwest Asia and China. Although the U.S. military presence in the region began before September 11th, the region became an important platform for the projection of U.S. military power against the Taliban in neighboring Afghanistan. The analysis goes on to warn that 'with US troops already in place to varying extents in Central Asian states, it becomes particularly important to understand the faultlines, geography, and other challenges this part of the world presents'. The Kyrgyz military remains an embryonic force with a weak chain of command, the ground force built to Cold War standards, and an almost total lack of air capabilities. Training, discipline and desertion - at over 10 per cent, the highest among the Central Asian republics - continue to present major problems for the creation of combat-effective armed forces. Kyrgyzstan has a declared policy of national defence and independence without the use of non-conventional weapons. Kyrgyzstan participates in the regional security structures, such as the Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO) and the Shanghai Co-operation Organisation (SCO) but, in security matters at least, it is dependent upon Russian support. The armed forces are poorly trained and ill-equipped to fulfil an effective counter-insurgency or counter-terrorist role. The task of rebuilding is much bigger, and so are the stakes - the integrity and sovereignty of the Kyrgyz state. Only democratization, the fight against corruption, reforms in the military and educational sectors and strategic initiatives promoting internal economic integration and national cohesion hold the key to Kyrgyzstan's lasting future