• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제51권8호
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• pp.1951-1956
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• 2019

As a part of the preliminary decommissioning plan of KEPCO-NF fuel fabrication facility, DCGLs of three target radionuclides, ²³⁴U, ²³⁵U, and ²³⁸U, were derived using RESRAD-BUILD code and contaminated areas of the facility were classified based on contamination levels from the derived DCGLs. From code simulations, one-room modeling results showed that the grinding room in building #2 was the most restrictive (DCGL_gross = 10493.01 Bq/㎡). The DCGL_gross results in contaminated areas from one-room modeling were slightly more conservative than three-room modeling. Prior to the code simulation, field survey and measurements conducted by each survey unit. For a conservative approach, the most restrictive DCGL_gross in each survey unit was taken as a reference to classify the contaminated areas of the facility. Accordingly, seven rooms and 37 rooms in the nuclear-fuel buildings were classified as Class 1 and Class 2, respectively. As expected, fuel material handling and processing rooms such as the grinding room, sintering room, compressing room, and powder collecting room were included in the Class 1 area.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.219-226
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• 2010

In the present study, we investigated whether a gross deletion in the nef gene ($g{\Delta}nef$) is induced by Korean red ginseng (KRG) intake. Ten patients were treated with KRG powder for 3 years in the absence of antiretroviral drug therapy. On average, $3,555{\pm}1,042\;g$ KRG was administered per person over $36.1{\pm}2.4$ months. There was a mild decrease in CD4 T cell count ($75{\pm}110/{\mu}L$) over the $36.1{\pm}2.4$ months (p = 0.059). We obtained 355 nef amplicons using 71 peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples over a 3-year period. All ten patients exhibited g${\Delta}$nef (range, 3.2 to 45.9%). At baseline, 3 of 78 amplicons (3.8%) exhibited $g{\Delta}nef$, whereas 18.8% (52/277) revealed $g{\Delta}nef$ during KRG-intake (p<0.001). The proportion of $g{\Delta}nef$ was significantly correlated with monthly dose of KRG (r=0.89, p<0.001). The median time for first detection of $g{\Delta}nef$ was 13 months. In conclusion, our data show that $g{\Delta}nef$ is inducible by KRG intake and its proportion is dependent on the duration of KRG intake and dose of KRG.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.121-129
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• 2005

Objectives : This study was to evaluate the effect of electroacupuncture on symptoms of peripheral facial paralysis. Methods : We investigated 34 cases of patients with Peripheral Facial Paralysis. We flip a coin and divide into two groups. Electroacupuncture was performed at one group, and the other group didn't do it. we evaluated the treatment effect of each group by using Gross Grading System of House-Brackmann, Yanagihara's Unweighed Grading System. Results : 1. In Pain back of the ear, we found that two groups have no significant differences. 2. As a result of evaluation by using Gross Grading System of House-Brackmann, Yanagihara's Unweighed Grading System, treatment score after 2weeks was marked higher than that before treatment and treatment score after 4weeks treatment was higher than treatment score after 2weeks within each group. 3. After 4weeks treatment, electroacupuncture group showed significant difference on Gross Grading System of House-Brackmann, Yanagihara's Unweighed Grading System compared with acupuncture group. Conclusion : These results suggested that electroacupuncture treatment should be more effective in the patient with peripheral facial paralysis.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.123-133
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• 1982

The tropic structure and the function of a small pone ecosystem under the tree stand were studied in terms of energy flow. About 28% of total solar radiation was intercepted by the tree canopy over the pond. Primary producers converted 1.1%(3,382 kcal$\cdot$$m^{-2}$$\cdot$$y^{-1}$) of solar radiation (320,000 kcal$\cdot$$m^{-2}$$\cdot$$y^{-1}$) into gross primary production. The amount of energy availble to the pond snail was 1,683 kcal.m-2.y-1 of the net production by primary producers and 1,033 kcal$\cdot$$m^{-2}$$\cdot$$y^{-1}$ of the litter fallen into the pond. The amount of gross secondary production by the pond snail was 245 kcal$\cdot$$m^{-2}$$\cdot$$y^{-1}$. Judging from these, supply of both net primary production and the litter was indispensable for the maintenance of the pond ecosystem. The total amont of energy as gross primary production plus litter was 4,415 kcal$\cdot$$m^{-2}$$\cdot$$y^{-1}$(100%). Since the total respiration loss was calculated to be 1,917 kcal$\cdot$$m^{-2}$$\cdot$$y^{-1}$(43.4%), the rate of energy accumulation in the pond estimated to 56.6%.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was to compare the effect of electroacupuncture therapy on peripheral facial paralysis according to the wave forms. Methods : We investigated 56 cases of inpatients with Peripheral Facial Paralysis, and divided them into two groups, One group was treated by electroacupuncture on interrupted wave, and the other was treated by electroacupuncture on dense-dispersed wave. We evaluated the effect of electroacupuncture in each group by using Gross Grading System of House-Brackmann and Yanagihara's Unweighed Grading System. Results : 1. In the interrupted wave and the dense-dispersed wave, compared with baseline, at final, Gross Grading System of House-Brackmann was significantly decreased and Yanagihara's Unweighed Grading System was significantly increased. 2. At final, Interrupted wave showed significant decrease on the Gross Grading System of House-Brackmann and significant increase on Yanagihara's Unweighed Grading System compared with dense-dispersed wave. Conclusions : These results suggested that interrupted wave should be more useful for improving symptoms related with peripheral facial paralysis than dense-dispersed wave.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of hydro power factors (e.g., irrigation area, watershed area, active storage, gross head) on annual generation capacity and operation ratio for agricultural reservoirs in Chungbuk Province with active storage of over 1 million $m^3$. The annual generation capacity and operation ratio were estimated using HOMWRS (Hydrological Operation Model for Water Resources System) from last 10-year daily hydrological data. The correlation coefficients between annual generation capacity and the hydro power factors except gross head were high (over 0.87), but the correlation coefficients between operational rate and the factors were low (below 0.28). The optimum multiple regression equations of the annual generation capacity were expressed as the functions of watershed area, active storage, and gross head. Also, the simple regression equation of annual generation capacity was expressed as a function of watershed area. The average relative root-mean-square-error (RRMSE) between observed and estimated values by the optimum multiple regression equations was smaller than that by the simple regression equation, suggesting that the former has more accuracy than the latter.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.109-119
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate differences of the mechanical efficiency on the characteristics of the basketball wheelchairs(cambers & size of the handrims). Nine healthy and normal wheelchair basketball players who had no impairments to their upper extremities were volunteered to participate in this study. $VO_2$ was collected using automatic gas analyzer(vmax29). Gross efficiency, net efficiency and work efficiency were analyzed from the calculated external power output and energy expenditure. The results were followed. First, gross efficiency in the basketball wheelchairs was observed across the range from 4 to 10%. Gross efficiency in this study showed less values than that from the literature reviewed in the arm cranking(15%), racing wheelchair(above 30%), gait(27%) and cycling(18-23%). Second, the small size of handrim(61cm) at the 16 degrees of camber produced higher efficiency values than the large size of handrim(66cm) whereas the different sizes of handrim at the 20 degrees of camber did not show any pattern. Third, both faster speed($1.11^m/s{\rightarrow}1.39^m/s$) and increases in treadmill inclination produced increases in energy expenditure. The results of this study may provide not only better understanding of the mechanical efficiency with adequate camber degree and proper size of handrim but also fundamental information for manufacturing the wheelchair.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.385-392
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the relationships among quality of life, caregiver depression levels, and disease severity, especially motor function, in children with cerebral palsy. Methods: Data were collected through questionnaires using survey and interview from 80 caregivers of children with cerebral palsy. The caregivers' quality of life was measured using medical outcomes study 36-item short form health survey, and level of depression was scored using the beck depression inventory. In addition, children's motor function was evaluated using gross motor function measure-88 and functional independence measure scores. Results: Among 8 domains of medical outcomes study 36-item short form health survey, "physical functioning," "physical role functioning," "mental health," and "bodily pain" domains were significantly correlated to "total" percentage scores of gross motor function measure-88. In addition, "mental health" and "bodily pain" domains were correlated to each sub-dimension, including "lying and rolling," "sitting," "crawling and kneeling," "standing," and "walking, running, and jumping." Similarly, the "running" and "jumping" dimensions including motor function measures correlated with "transfer," "locomotion," and "motor subtotal" of functional independence measure scores. The beck depression inventory scores were negatively correlated to "lying and rolling," "sitting," "crawling and kneeling," and the "total" percentage scores of gross motor function measure-88. The beck depression inventory scores were negatively correlated to "sphincter control," "communication," "social cognition," "cognitive subtotal," and "total" functional independence measure scores. Conclusion: It is necessary to consider the quality of life and emotional problems of caregivers of CP children and support them both physically and psychologically with comprehensive rehabilitation.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.281-288
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between Pediatric Balance Scale(PBS) and Gross Motor Function Measurement(GMFM) with cerebral palsy(CP) children. Methods : 31 ambulatory children with CP were recruited for this study. PBS is a modified version of the Berg’s Balance Scale to access the children with motor impairments. To access the motor functions that directly influence to the functional independence of the ambulatory CP children, total scores of standing category and walking/running/jumping category of GMFM were selectively compared with PBS score by Spearman correlation coefficient analysis. Results : The results revealed high correlation between PBS and GMFM scores both in standing and walking/running/jumping categories(r=.9). Conclusions : Therefore, this study indicates that PBS can be applied not only as a tool to access balance, but also as a measurement to predict and access the level of standing and ambulatory related functions of children with CP.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.37-41
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• 2021

This study aims to investigate the relationship between the exchange rate and Trade Balance. Trade Balance is used as the dependent variable, and the independent variables are Exchange Rate, Gross Domestic Product, and Inflation. Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test was adopted to test the stationary property of time series data, Auto Regressive Distributed Lag model was employed to find the long run and short-run relationship and long-run adjustment, Bound test approach, the unrestricted Error Correction Model and Granger Causality Test are used to analyze the data from 1977 to 2019. The research findings suggest that inflation has a positive impact on the trade balance in the short run. The exchange rate and the Gross Domestic Product have adverse effects on Trade balance in the long run. The coefficient of ER in the previous year is negative, and the coefficient of TB in the previous year is positive and significant. This is consistent with the J-Curve phenomenon, which states that devaluation may not improve trade balance in the immediate period, but will significantly impact the trade balance improvement in subsequent periods. Hence Marshall Lerner Condition exists in Sri Lanka.