• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 2001.09a
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• pp.57-64
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• 2001

There are some previous reports that some animals such as rats and birds move in a large group and act abnormally to avoid the large earthquake. This study is to experimentally testify what relations exist between the anomalous animal behavior and electric field effect, which is reported due to the piezoelectric effects in a basement rock before earthquake occurrences. When electric field is applied to the whole bottom of the cage, they show nervous behaviors such as grooming, washing their faces, standing on legs or running around in panic to avoid the electric field. When more strong electric field is applied, they jump with shrieking and mount on the electric line. The rat shows more sensitive anomalous behavior than the bird. Even though the current to the experimental birds and rats is just a few $\mu$A, they react in various ways. The anomalous animal behaviors under the small ground electric field may have some relations to the actual phenomena before great earthquake. This kind of study is quite worthy for the understanding of earthquake precursors.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.470-475
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• 1992

개업수의사로서 실천할 수 있는 예방의학 1. 효과적인 예방주사접종과 정확한 주사간격(예방주사접종일이 되면 축주에게 전화나 엽서로 시기가 되었음을 알려준다.) 2. 영양교육과 grooming 상담을 통한 건강상태 개선과 관계되는 처방약품 또는 양질의 용품판매 3. 비상/상비약품 필요성 인식과 판매, 건강유지를 위한 영양제의 계속적인 필요성 강조로 축주의 영양관리에 대한 인식개선 4. 1년에 2회, 분변검사를 통한 정기적인 기생충 r제와 일단 감염시 2회 치료와 효과확인 5. 구강검사를 통한 제질병의 발견과 치아검사의 필요성강조 및 치아건강 관련제품 사용권장 6. 각 품종별 특이한 질병의 설명과 예방을 한 검사(X-ray, 병리검사)의 추천과 결과에 따라 진행방지 방법이나 수술/치료 권유 7. 적극적인 진료자세-예)종양의 보다 세밀한 검사와 치료로 전이예방

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.368-376
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• 2007

The large potential bandwidth available in wavelength-division multiplexed optical networks makes this technology of crucial importance for satisfying the ever increasing capacity requirements of the next-generation Internet. In this scenario, the routing and wavelength assignment(RWA) problem that concerns determining the optical paths and wavelengths to be used for connection establishment in a wavelength-routed network, is still one of the most important open issues. In this paper we propose a new online dynamic grooming-capable RWA heuristic scheme working on wavelength division multiplexing(WDM) networks as a multistage selection process. The proposed algorithm is transparent with respect to the presence of wavelength converters, achieves very low connection rejection ratios with minimal computational complexity and is appropriate for the modern multilayer optical circuit and wavelength switched networks with sparse wavelength conversion capability.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.60-74
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• 2023

Integration of the machine learning (ML) technique in all-optical networks can enhance the effectiveness of resource utilization, quality of service assurances, and scalability in optical networks. All-optical multistage interconnection networks (MINs) are implicitly designed to withstand the increasing highvolume traffic demands at data centers. However, the contention resolution mechanism in MINs becomes a bottleneck in handling such data traffic. In this paper, a select list of ML algorithms replaces the traditional electronic signal processing methods used to resolve contention in MIN. The suitability of these algorithms in improving the performance of the entire network is assessed in terms of injection rate, average latency, and latency distribution. Our findings showed that the ML module is recommended for improving the performance of the network. The improved performance and traffic grooming capabilities of the module are also validated by using a hardware testbed.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 1974

Results of an experiment on the behavior of rats and mice in order to explore the possible pharmacological actions of Panax ginseng upon the central nervous system can be summarized as follows: 1. Spontaneous motor activity. In the case of mice, those groups who were administered 2.5 mg and 5.0mg of ginseng saponin per kilogram of body weight were observed to have increased their activity compared with the control group, while the 50.0 mg and 100.0 mg per kilogram body weight groups demonstrated lower levels of activity, with the peak of activity appearing at 30 minutes after administration of drugs. In the case of rats, those groups of animals who were given injections in the dosage of 2.5 mg, 5.0 mg and 50.0 mg per kilogram body weight demonstrated higher activity than the control group, while the 100.0 mg per kilogram group appeared to have decreased in their activity, with the peak action appearing 30 minutes after the administration of ginseng saponin. The 50.0 mg per kilogram group demonstrated no significant differential. 2. General behavior analysis. In the case of mice, decrease in sleeping component of behavior and increase in the walking and roaring components, compared those with the control group, turned out to be a common phenomenon among the groups who were administered 2.5 mg, 5.0 mg and 50.0 mg of ginseng saponin per kilogram body weight, with the 5.0 mg per kilogram group standing out of all the other groups in terms of their reactions. In the case of rats, ginseng saponin appeared to reduce sleeping component with 2.5 mg, 5.0 mg and 50.0 mg per kilogram body weight groups, while increased the walking and rearing components. It was observed that administratoin of ginseng saponin in a dose of 2.5 mg per kilogram appeared to markedly increase the lying and grooming components of animal behavior. 3. Open-field exploratory behavior. Adminstration of ginseng saponin to mice in doses of 5.0 mg, 50.0 mg and 100.0 mg per kilogram body weight decreased activity, but increased their exploratory behavior. In the case of rats, however, administration of ginseng saponin in the doses of 2.5 mg and 5.0 mg per kilogram body weight markedly increased their activities, while decreased activities with the 50.0 mg per kilogram and 100.0 mg per kilogram groups. The exploratory behavior of rats appeared to have decreased, while grooming increased ramarkably. 4. The above findings from a series of experiment appear to suggest a stimulating effect on the central nervous system when ginseng saponin is administered in small doses, but that larger doses might result in an inhibitory effect, though differential results can be anticipated with modification of experimental conditions.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.51-65
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to make a comparative analysis of nursing students interest in health matters concerning themselves and compare it to non-nursing students. The results were to be categorized and used as health content recommendation when organizing health curriculum and planning health education programmes. The instruments used this study were 'The Health Inventory and The Health Need Inventory introduced to 80 items from 125 items by Lee in Korea(1980). There was a very high correlation between the 125 items and condensed 80 items (r=0.9508, t=11.0643. p<.001). The convenience sample was chosen from 226 nursing students and 204 non-nursing students in the departments of humanities of college in Inchun and Ansan from March 4 to April 5. 1996. Data were analyzed by the SAS computer Program. The results are as follow: When comparing health interest of nursing student group with non-nursing student group, total group mean of nursing students was significantly higher than that of non-nursing students (t=2.977 p<.01). But the rank order of the nursing student group was similar to that of the non-nursing group. and what nursing student felt interested was coincident with what non-nursing students felt as being necessary. The most interested health area between nursing student and non-nursing students were ${\ulcorner$personal hygiene & grooming${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$weight control${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner$sex education${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$mental health${\lrcorner}$. On the other hand the least interested health areas were. ${\ulcorner$smoking and health${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$alcohol and health${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner$drug and narcotics${\lrcorner}$ In non -nursing students but in nursing students ${\ulcorner$structure and function of body${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner$dental health${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$safety${\lrcorner}$. Comparing students health interest by major In college, total group mean of nursing students is significantly higher than that of non-nursing students in 14 health areas including ${\ulcorner$community health${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner$control and prevention disease${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$consumer health${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$family health${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$mental health${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$personal hygiene and grooming${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$safety${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$structure and function of body${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner$sex education${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$alcohol and health ${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$ drug and narcotics${\lrcorner}$ and ${\ulcorner$smoking and health${\lrcorner}$ The following recommendations could be made considering the above mentioned factors: 1. The priority of health content should reflect the items to the highest interest area of students and highest need area of adults. 2. The health items which were significantly different in the area of health interest, by major, should be used in planning health education programmes and organizing health curricula.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.263-270
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• 2019

Background: The gelada baboon, Theropithecus gelada Ruppell, 1835, is an endemic primate of the central and western highlands of Ethiopia occurring between altitudes of 1800-4400 m. Variability in activity time budget between the two gelada social units, i.e., one-male units (OMUs) and all-male units (AMUs), has not been studied previously. Thus, the present study was an effort to understand intra- and inter-variations in group size and daily activity time budget in gelada baboon OMUs and AMUs at Guassa Community Conservation Area, Central Ethiopia. The instantaneous sampling method was used in the data collection. Results: Both OMU and AMU groups allocated more time for feeding (OMUs = 36.96%; AMUs = 35%) followed by moving (OMU = 25.8%; AMUs = 27%). Grooming was the most frequent social activity in both family groups (OMUs = 8.56%; AMUs = 11.81%). OMUs and AMUs did not show significant variation between themselves in the time budget and temporal distribution of their daily activities. However, the overall variation in the time budget allocated for daily activities within OMUs and AMUs was statistically significant (p < 0.05%). The different age and sex groups in OMUs (i.e., immature, sub-adult females, subordinate males, adult females, and alpha males) showed statistically significant variation in their time budget allocation for the daily activities (p < 0.05) except for feeding and moving. Alpha males had the highest proportion of resting (32.14%) and aggression (31.92%). Immature individuals were responsible for > 90% of the time budget recorded for playing while adult females showed the highest frequency of grooming. Group size of OMUs ranged between 5 and 15 individuals (mean ± SD = 11.25 ± 1.95). Adult females comprised the highest number within OMUs (mean = 4.5) followed by immature individuals (mean = 3). The group size of AMUs ranged from 4 to 8 (mean ± SD = 6.6 ± 1.5). Conclusion: Our results showed that the gelada baboon spent less time on foraging compared to previous studies at the Simien Mountains and Debre-Libanos area. We suggested this variation could be explained based on higher forage quality at Guassa Community Conservation Area resulting from better conservation of the habitat.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.403-410
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• 2002

This study was performed to investigate the general prepartum behavioral ethogram of Bos taurus coreanae (Hanwoo cow). In this study, 4 pregnant cows were placed in a separate area. We recorded the behaviors of the cows using time lapse VCR for 48 hours and analyzed behaviors with the scan point sampling method. We observed maintenance behaviors, social behaviors and ingestion behaviors. During the observation period, the time budgets of behaviors in order of frequency were LD(lying down, 38.2%), ST(standing, 24.7%), EA(eating, 10.7%), WA(walking, 7.2%), LR(lying down rumination, 5.6%), SR(standing rumination, 3.3%), TW(tail wagging, 3.1%) and SG(self grooming, 1.8%). The time budgets of the other behaviors such as PG(pairwise grooming), FC(fly catching) were negligible (<1%).

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2008

This study was carried out to determine the behavioral characteristics on season and group size of Hanwoo steer. Forty eight Hanwoo steers were video-recorded at 15, 17 and 19 months of age for behavioral measurement. Space allowance was kept consistence with either group. The results showed that eating behavior of Hanwoo steers was strongly influenced (p<0.05) during seasonal transition, being the lowest in summer and the highest in autumn. With seasonal transition, standing time would linearly increase (p<0.05). In summer, steers spent more (p<0.05) time tying down but relatively less (p<0.05) time walking and fighting, meanwhile they much less (p<0.05) scratching and rubbing. In autumn, steers showed more grooming behavior (p<0.05) contrasted to the other seasons. Steers spent more (p<0.05) walking time when raised in large group and increased (p<0.05) grooming frequency when raised in small group.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.34-42
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• 2004

The aim of this study is to investigate anti-stress effect of Scutellaria baicalensis(SB). The experiments were performed with the use of young (9 weeks of age) male rats of SD strain and the male ICR mice (20-25 g) at the time of first treatment with SB. Animals of the normal group were not exposed to any stress and the control group were exposed to stress. The rats of the Ginseng, Diazepam(BZ) and SB supplementary group were orally administered once a day 100 mg of red ginseng extract, 5 mg of BZ or 100 mg of SB extract/kg body weight and they were exposed to stress. The mice of the Ginseng, BZ and SB supplementary group were given water containing 200 mg of red ginseng extract, 10 mg of BZ or SB extract/100 ml potable water and exposed to stress. Animals were given supplements for 7 days without stress, and then were given supplement for 5 days with restraining and electroshock stress. We recorded stress related behavioral changes of the experimental animals by stressing them using the Etho-vision system and measured levels of blood corticosterone and IL-2. SB supplementation partially blocked the stress effect on locomotion in the rats and mice, and also partially blocked stress-induced behavioral changes such as freezing, burrowing, grooming, smelling, and rearing behavior in the rats and smelling, grooming, tailing, and rearing in the mice. in elevated plus maze test, the staying time of the stressed rats and mice in the open area decreased while it increased in the closed area. But these changes also partially were blocked by SB-supplementation. SB-supplementation decreased levels of the blood corticosterone which was increased by stress in the rats but did not significantly increase levels of blood interleukin 2 which was decreased by stress in mice.