• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2009

Problems with scalp lead to hair loss, dandruff, itchiness, and other illness. No clear causes of these problems have been found and it is difficult to treat them. Therefore, the best way to prevent and treat any problems with scalp is to maintain physiological homeostasis of scalp to keep it healthy. Recently, many scalp and hair product brands have attempted to use medicinal herbs which have been extracted in hot water and mixed with other ingredients due to mass-production and standardization issues. However, many nutrients and active substances are destroyed by hot-water extraction. Therefore, this study has applied low-temperature rendering to minimize destruction of substances to extract black beans, peony, and green tea that are known to improve conditions of scalp. Then, their contribution to the improvement of scalp health was assessed. In result, it was found that low-temperature rendering retains over two times greater anti-oxidizing strengths than hot-water extraction and that the extracts from low-temperature rendering effectively strengthen follicles and hair, moisturize scalp, and prevent itchiness. Therefore, low-temperature rendered black beans, peony, and green tea extracts can be used to make effective scalp treatments.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.880-886
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• 2007

Ensiled or oven-dried green tea by-products (GTB) were evaluated in goats for their nutritive potential as protein feedstuffs based on in vitro and in vivo digestibility. To elucidate the effects of tea tannin on in vitro digestibility, polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used as a tannin binding agent. Both ensiled and dried GTB contained 31.9 to 32.6% of crude protein (CP) on a dry matter (DM) basis. Phenolics and tannins in soybean meal and alfalfa hay were low or not detected, but they were high in both ensiled and dried GTB (7.3-10.1% DM as total extractable tannins). In vitro protein digestibility in the rumen ranked: soybean meal>alfalfa hay cube>ensiled GTB = dried GTB. The protein digestibility post-ruminally of these feedstuffs showed a similar trend to that in the rumen, but the digestibility of ensiled GTB was significantly higher than that of dried GTB. Addition of PEG improved the in vitro protein digestibility of both kinds of GTB in the rumen and post-ruminally, indicating that tannins suppressed the potential protein digestibility of GTB. The increased protein digestibility by PEG addition was not significantly different between ensiled and dried GTB in the rumen, but the percentage increment of ensiled GTB was higher than dried GTB post-ruminally. In the in vivo digestibility trial, ensiled and dried GTB were offered to goats as partial substitutes for soybean meal and alfalfa hay cubes. Offering both GTB to goats as 5-10% on a DM basis did not affect nutrient digestibility, ruminal pH, volatile fatty acids, and ammonia concentration. However, the eating time of the GTB-incorporated diet was longer than that of the basal diet. It took 1.4 and 1.6 times longer than the control diet, to eat the diet completely when GTB silage was offered at 5 and 10% levels, respectively, of the total diet. These results show that ensiled and dried GTB are useful as partial substitutes for soybean meal and alfalfa hay cubes for goats with respect to nutritive value. Because of lessened palatability, it is recommended that GTB be incorporated into the diet at 5% on a DM basis.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.88-93
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• 2017

This study was carried out to establish a cultivation technique for increasing the ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content in the fruit body of mushrooms by adding processed by-products. For the oyster mushroom 'Heucktari', addition of green tea powder, sea tangle powder, and green tea dregs resulted in very poor primordia formation, fruit body growth, and increased GABA. However, addition of 10% schizandra berry dregs and 1% rice bran to the basal substrate induced 100% and 10% increases, in GABA content in the fruit bodies compared to the control treatment without by-product, respectively. In addition, fruit body growth and primordia formation were greatly increased by these treatments. Therefore, GABA content was increased when the substrate was prepared by mixing an appropriate amount of schizandra berry dregs and rice bran.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.84-89
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• 2006

Effect of dietary inclusion of various sources of green tea on growth, immune system and challenging test of juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus was investigated. Five experimental diets with triplicates were prepared: control, raw leaves, dry leaves, by-product and extract. Twenty five (an initial body weight of 52.5 g) were randomly distributed into 15 of 180 L flow-through tanks. Nutrient requirements of the experimental diets satisfied growth of juvenile olive flounder. The feeding trial lasted for 7 weeks. After 7-week feeding trial, blood were sampled from three randomly chosen fish for serum analysis of Iysozyme and bactericidal activity, and ten fish were infected with Edwardsiella tarda for challenging test from each tank. Weight gain (g/fish) of fish fed the diet containing extract and control diet was significantly higher than that of fish fed the other diets. Feed efficiency ratio for fish fed the diet containing extract and control diet was significantly higher than that for fish fed the diets containing raw leaves and by-product, but not significantly different from that for fish fed the diet containing dry leaves. Serum Iysozyme activity (units/ml) of fish fed the diets containing dry leaves and extract was significantly higher than that of fish fed the diets containing raw leaves and by-product, but not significantly different from that of fish fed the control diet. Serum bactericidal activity (${\times}10^6$ bacteria/ml) of fish fed the diet containing dry leaves and extract was significantly lower than that of fish fed the diets containing raw leaves, by-product and control diet in 3 hour. However, serum bactericidal activity of fish fed the diet containing extract was significantly lower than that of fish fed the other diets in 6 hour. And serum bacterial activity was low in fish fed the diets containing dry and raw leaves, by-product, and control in 6 hour in order. Accumulative mortality (%) of fish fed the control diet was low compared to that of fish fed the diets containing raw leaves and by-product, but high compared to that of fish fed the diets containing dry leaves and extract although no significant difference was found among treatments. In considering above results, dietary inclusion of extract and dry leaves of green tea seemed to be highly effective to improve immune system and endurance against E. tarda infection of juvenile olive flounder.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.145-151
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• 2015

Corn fiber protein (CFP) was extracted from corn wet-milling by-product, corn fiber. CFP films containing various plasticizers and cross-linking agents were prepared and their mechanical properties were determined. Among the plasticizers and cross-linking agents used in this study, the CFP film containing 2 g fructose and 0.03% cinnamaldehyde had the most appropriate physical property. In addition, the CFP films containing green tea extract (GTE) were prepared by incorporating different amounts (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5%) of GTE into the film-forming solution. Tensile strength, film solubility, and opacity of the CFP films increased with the addition of GTE, whereas elongation and water vapor permeability of the CFP/GTE films decreased compared to those of the control. The antioxidant activity of the CFP/GTE film was determined in terms of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity. As a result, antioxidant activity of the films increased with increasing GTE concentration. Furthermore, antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus increased with increasing GTE concentration. These results indicate that the incorporation of GTE could enhance antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the CFP films.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.39-51
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• 2004

Ozone(O$_3$), one of best-known toxic air pollutant, act as a strong oxidant. It is possible that skins exposed to the air can be easily damaged by such oxidative air pollutants. Therefore, in the present study, anti-oxidative effects of natural product. on $O_2$ㆍ and ㆍOH were investigated by EPR. Ozone caused protein damage and lipid oxidation, in HaCaT and B16F10 leading ultimately to programmed cell death. It also reduced the level of antioxidant molecules including ascorbic acid and tocopherol in stratum comeum. However, antioxidants originated from natural products could protect skin from these products could protect skin from these oxidative damages. We concluded that eight natural extracts including Rosa davurica, Ligularia sibrica, Green tea acted as strong antioxidants against ozone.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2011

Natural products in Chonnam, Korea were screened via anti-angiogenesis experiments, and 1 candidate product was identified, Corni fructus, which exerted dose-dependent inhibitory effects against angiogenesis, adipogenesis, and cell adhesion. C. fructus extract (CFE) exhibits an angiogenesis inhibitory effect superior to that of the EGCG from green tea leaves. The expression level of angiogenesis and adipogenesis-related signal molecules in the western blotting was reduced by increasing the amount of added CFE. Moreover, a diet supplemented with CFE was deemed more effective in inducing weight loss in LB mice than a representative synthetic diet drug, orlistat, which incidently caused the side effect of denuding the mice of their hair. These results indicate that C. fructus may prove to be a useful anti-adipogenic compound, and these in vitro results may be reflected later under in vivo conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.7
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• pp.958-965
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of green tea seed shell as an industrial byproduct. Green tea seed shell extract (GTSSE) was obtained by ethanol extraction, and the yield was $1.4{\pm}0.22%$. The radical scavenging activities [1,1-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)], xanthine oxidase inhibition activity, and reducing power of GTSSE dose-dependently increased. To estimate the neuroprotective effect of GTSSE, viability was tested in HT22 mouse hippocampal cells. GTSSE treatment induced cytotoxicity at a concentration higher than $100{\mu}g/mL$ but not at a concentration lower than $50{\mu}g/mL$. Using this optimal concentration range, GTSSE treatment significantly increased cell viability in $H_2O_2$-treated HT22 cells. Further, GTSSE treatment increased superoxide dismutase activity and decreased the malonaldehyde level, a product of lipid peroxidation, in HT22 cells. Therefore, these results indicate that green tea seed shell extract may be useful for the development of antioxidant materials and have potential activity to prevent and treat neuro-degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.256-264
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• 2020

This paper provides basic data for product developers by investigating the consumption status, consumer perception, and consumer demand on products using Aster Yomena. Two hundred ninety-five people over 20 years of age were analyzed according to gender and age. In the purchase of Aster Yomena products, men were the higher purchasers except for powder. In age, noodles, wild vegetables, jangajji, tteok, and powder were consumed by those older than 30 years. In an analysis of purchase when developing Aster Yomena products, the male purchase intention was higher in all items except for kalguksu in the staple, and male purchase intention was higher in only bibimbapseasoning among aster powder addition sauce and all items in dessert. The purchase intention of those older than 30 years was higher in all items of staples, aster powder addition sause and sause The purchase intention of those older than 30 yearse was higher in green vegetables juice and milk tea among drink, and all items except ice cream among dessert. An analysis of the popularization of Aster Yomena revealed higher perceptions of men in the medium (TV, internet, online cafe, agro-fishery market), experience program (area tourism, exposition), and product development (convenience food, recipe development). The medium (agro-fishery market), experience program, and product development were more recognized in their 30s or more. The products with aster yomana require the most effective marketing to men 30 years and older, and require a strategy that will interest those in their 20s.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.121-131
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• 2006

This study was designed to determinate the effects of dried leftover food and green tea by-product on laying hens performance and egg quality in hens. A total of 210 "Tetran Brown" layers 50-weeks of age were assigned to 7 treatments in a completely randomized design. Each treatment had five replicates per treatment with six layers per replication. Seven dietary treatments were a control diet (formula diet) and dried leftover food (DLF) mixed in 10, 20, 30 and 40% to the control diet substituting the corn grain and soybean meal, control diet containing 1.0% GTB without DLF supplementation and control diet containing 30% DLF plus 1.0% GTB supplementation. The trial period was for 8 weeks. The egg production rate of layers was significantly increased in 10, 20 and 40% DLF treatments compared to that of the control treatment (P<0.05). The egg weight was significantly decreased in 10% DLF treatment compared to that of the control (P<0.05). The feed intake of layers was higher in 20% DLF and 30% DLF plus 1.0% GTB treatment than that of the control (P<0.05). The feed conversion ratio significantly decreased in 10% DLF and control plus 1.0% GTB treatments compared to that of the control (P<0.05). The egg yolk cholesterol not varied among the DLF and control treatments (P>0.05). However, the linolenic acid content of egg yolk was significantly increased in DLF and control treatments both containing 1.0% GTB supplementation.