• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.27-40
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• 2013

These day morden cities have serious climatic problems due to enviornmental load caused by excessive development of urbanization. As technological improvement to answer to various ecological disasters and climate changes are also called on the field of construction, inter-disciplinary studies linked to the estabilishment of sustainable energy generation systems and enviornmental control is needed in a consilient point of view. This study aims to analyse optimal site conditions for photovoltaic system and green roof planting through solar radiation simulation in a integrated perspective. In so doing, it seeks to proffer basic study for developing a sound use of roof area that is sustainable in environmental and resources aspects. A computer simulation showed that, in the case of total seasonal solar radiation, summer season resulted 312.5kWh in 35% of total annual solar radiation. This season indicated the lowest radiation rate of the year for direct sunlight in 45.8% of total seasonal solar radiation. Due to such solar radiation simulation, at the largest optimal planting area, Glechoma hederacea var. longituba secured $719.16m^2$ of gross roof area.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.13
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• pp.5233-5237
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• 2014

Epigenetic modifications of tumour suppressor genes are involved in all kinds of human cancer. Aberrant promoter methylation is also considered to play an essential role in development of lung cancer, but the pathogenesis remains unclear.We collected the data of 112 subjects, including 56 diagnosed patients with lung cancer and 56 controls without cancer. Methylation of the FHIT, RASSF1A and RAR-${\beta}$ genes in DNA from all samples and the corresponding gene methylation status were assessed using the methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR, MSP). The results showed that the total frequency of separate gene methylation was significantly higher in lung cancer compared with controls (33.9-85.7 vs 0 %) (p<0.01).Similar outcomes were obtained from the aberrant methylation of combinations of any two or three genes (p<0.01). There was a tendency that the frequency of combinations of any two or three genes was higher in stage I+II than that in stage III+IV with lung cancer. However, no significant difference was found across various clinical stages and clinic pathological gradings of lung cancer (p>0.05).These observations suggest that there is a significant association of promoter methylation of individual genes with lung cancer risk, and that aberrant methylation of combination of any two or three genes may be associated with clinical stage in lung cancer patients and involved in the initiation of lung cancer tumorigenesis. Methylation of FHIT, RASSF1A and $RAR{\beta}$ genes may be related to progression of lung oncogenesis.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.657-664
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• 2016

The green macroalga Cladophora vadorum bloomed along the coast at Sangrok Beach, Buan, South Korea, in September 2015. To elucidate the cause of bloom, the effects of environmental factors on the vegetative growth of adult fragments were examined. Growth experiments were carried out under different combinations of temperatures and irradiances, and with a single factor of nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus). The maximal growth of C. vadorum was reported under the combination of 25°C and 100 μmol photons m⁻²s⁻¹. The species grew under a wide range of N and P concentrations. The growth of C. vadorum peaked at 50 μM PO₄³⁻, 80 μM NH₄⁺, and 100 μM NO₃⁻. Adult fragments formed holdfasts and new branches within 3 days in culture and became adults, showing polarized growth patterns, in 2 weeks. This is the first report showing the development of numerous bladelets from a segment in Cladophora species. The present results indicate that Cladophora blooms appear under growth conditions that are favorable in terms of temperatures, irradiance, and nutrients via fragment growth patterns producing rapid holdfasts and many bladelets.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2005

W/O/W (water-in-oil-in-water) type multiple emulsion was applied to improve the storage stability of an antagonistic microorganism, Burkholderia gladioli. Encapsulation of microorganism into a W/O/W emulsion was conducted by using a two-step emulsification method. W/O/W emulsion was prepared by the incorporation of B. gladioli into rapeseed oil and the addition of polyglycerin polyriconolate (PGPR) and castor oil polyoxyethylene (COG 25) as the primary and secondary emulsifier, respectively. Microcrystalline cellulose was used as an emulsion stabilizer. To evaluate the usefulness of W/O/W emulsion formulation as a microbial pesticide for controlling the bacterial wilt pathogen (Ralstonia solanacearum), the storage stability and antagonistic activity of emulsion formulation were tested in vitro. The storage stability test revealed that the viability of formulated cells in emulsion was higher than that of unformulated cells in culture broth. At $4^{\circ}C$, the viabilities of formulated cells and unformulated cells at the end of 20 weeks decreased to about 2 and 5 log cycles, respectively. At $37^{\circ}C$, the viability of formulated cells decreased to only 2 log cycles at the end of storage. On the other hand, the viable cells in culture broth were not detected after 13 weeks. In activity test, formulated cells in emulsion were more effective in inhibiting the growth of pathogen than unformulated cells in culture broth. Unformulated cells completely lost their antagonistic activity during storage under similar conditions. The W/O/W multiple emulsion formulation was shown to be useful as the novel liquid formulation for biological control.

• Mycobiology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.266-269
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• 2008

Twenty isolates of Bacillus species obtained from livestock manure composts and cotton-waste composts were tested for their antagonistic effects in vitro against three green mold pathogens of mushrooms (Trichoderma harzianum, T. koningii, and T. viridescens). However, there exists a possibility Bacillus species may have antagonistic effects against mushrooms themselves, and thus the same 20 isolates were tested in vitro against three species of mushrooms (Flammulina velutipes, Lentinus edodes, and Pleurotus ostreatus). Of the 20 Bacillus species isolates tested, two inhibited mycelial growth of T. harzianum, seven that of T. koningii, and eight that of T. viridescens. Importantly, the bacterial isolates M27 and RM29 strongly inhibited mycelial growth of all the Trichoderma spp. isolates tested. The isolate M27 was subsequently identified as the most effective in inhibiting mycelial growth of all the Trichoderma species. Interesting results of the effect Bacillus isolates had upon the mushroom species followed. It was found that most Bacillus isolates except 5T33 at least somewhat inhibited mycelial growth of the three mushroom species or some of the mushrooms. Furhermore, the antagonistic effects of the bacterial isolates against the three species of mushrooms varied depending on the mushroom species, suggesting a role for mushroom type in the mechanism of inhibition. The bacterial isolates M27 and RM29 were identified as having the most antagonistic activity, inhibiting mycelial growth of all the Trichoderma spp. as well as mycelial growth of the three species of mushrooms. These results suggest that the bacterial isolates and their antagonistic effects on green mold pathogens should be further studied for their practical use for biological control of green mold in the growing room of the mushrooms.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.2D
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• pp.103-110
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• 2012

This study presents O/D based emission estimation model and methodology under cold- and hot-start conditions. Contrasting with existing link-based model, new model is able to estimate cold-start emissions with actual traffic characteristics. The results of the case study with new model show similar amount of emission with existing model under hot-start conditions, but five times much more than existing model under cold-start conditions. The annual social benefit estimated by this model is 56.2 hundred million won, which is 48% higher than the result from existing model. It means current green transportation policies are undervalued in terms of air quality improvement. Therefore, New model is expected to improve the objectivity of air quality evaluation results regarding green transportation policies and be applied in various transportation-environment policies.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.545-551
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• 2016

A bacterial pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), is a causal agent of kiwifruit bacterial canker worldwide. Psa biovar 3 (Psa3) was first detected in 2011 at an orchard in Dodeok-myeon, Goheung-gun, Jeonnam Province in Korea. In this study, we present the results of an epidemiological study regarding Psa3 occurrence on kiwifruit orchards in Korea for the period of 2013 to 2015. Since the first detection of Psa3 in 2011, there was no further case reported by 2013. However, Psa3 was rapidly spreading to 33 orchards in 2014; except for three orchards in Sacheon-si, Gyeongnam Province, most cases were reported in Jeju Island. Entering 2015, bacterial canker by Psa3 became a pandemic in Korea, spreading to 72 orchards in Jeju Island, Jeonnam, and Gyeongnam Provinces. Our epidemiological study indicated that the first Psa3 incidence in 2011 might result from an introduction of Psa3 through imported seedlings from China in 2006. Apart from this, it was estimated that most Psa3 outbreaks from 2014 to 2015 were caused by pollens imported from New Zealand and China for artificial pollination. Most kiwifruit cultivars growing in Korea were infected with Psa3; yellow-fleshed cultivars (Yellow-king, Hort16A, Enza-gold, Zecy-gold, and Haegeum), red-fleshed cultivars (Hongyang and Enza-Red), green-fleshed cultivars (Hayward and Daeheung), and even a kiwiberry (Skinny-green). However, susceptibility to canker differed among cultivars; yellow- and red-fleshed cultivars showed much more severe symptoms compared to the green-fleshed cultivars of kiwifruit and a kiwiberry.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.617-625
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• 2017

Both domestic and overseas urban drainage systems have been actively researched to solve the problems of urban flash floods and the flood damage that is caused by local downpours. Recent urban planning has been designed to better manage the floods of decentralized rainfall-management systems, and the installation of green infrastructure and low-impact development (LID) facilities at national ministries has been recommended. In this study, we use the EPA SWMM model to construct a decentralized rainfall-management network for each small watershed, and we analyze the effect of the drainage-capacity improvement from the installation of the LID technologies in vulnerable areas that replaces the network-expansion process. In the design of the existing urban piping systems, it is common to increase the pipe size due to the increment of the impervious area, the steep terrain, and the sensitive entrance-ramp junction; however, the installation of green infrastructure and LID facilities will be sufficient for the construction of a safe urban drainage system. The applications of LID facilities and green infrastructure in urban areas can positively affect the recovery of the corresponding water cycles to a healthy standard, and it is expected that further research will occur in the future.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.226-229
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• 2013

This study was carried out to elucidate suitable wavelength of light during development of fruit body in Lentinula edodes. The four colors of LED(Light Emitting Diode), blue, green, red and yellow, were irradiated for formation of fruit-body. The effect of color of LED at all growth stage, the lightness of cap showed darker in blue and green LED irradiation than that of red and yellow LED. The longer stipe were resulted in longer wavelength. And the activity of anti-oxidant did not showed big differences according to LED wavelength. We obtained higher commercial yields and lower ratio of abnormal fruit body in green LED than those in control(fluorescent lamp).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.33-45
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to establish the strategic direction of school forest based on the analysis of planting species and status and environmental consciousness of students on 9 elementary schools in Gyeongsangbuk-Do. According to the results of analysis of planting status, the green space area of Ahwa elementary school was increased as $2,300m^2$ and the green space area of most schools was increased more than $500m^2$ by the construction of school forest. The planting species were surveyed as 109 species in total and the deciduous broad-leaf trees and herbaceous plants were identified by each 29 species. As a result of analysis of elementary school students' awareness on school forest using surveys, the ratio of students that know school forests is 58.9% and the ratio of participation is 20.7%, that is very low. Finally, in the direction for the desirable construction of school forest, the students evaluated by preferring the evergreen broad-leaved trees, flowering trees and fruit trees and they required the development of teaching materials and program and the quantitative increase of forest.