• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.475-483
• /
• 2002

We performed this study to determine the effect of Korean favorite teas (green tea, ginseng tea, coffee and barley tea) on jejunal crypt survival, endogenous spleen colony formation and apoptosis in jejunal crypt cells of mice irradiated with high and low dose of ${\gamma}$-radiation. Jejunal crypts were protected by pretreatment of green tea (P.O.: 1.25% water extract, for 7 days before irradiation., I.P.: 50 mg/kg of body weight, at 12 and 36 hours before irradiation, p<0.01) or ginseng (I.P.: 50 mg/kg of body weight, at 12 and 36 hours before irradiation, p<0.05). Green tea (p<0.05) or ginseng (p<0.05) administration before irradiation (I.P. at 12 and 36 hours before irradiation) resulted in an increase of t formation of endogenous spleen colony. The frequency of radiation-induced apoptosis was also reduced by pretreatment of green tea (P.O.: p<0.005, I.P.: p<0.05), pretreatment of ginseng (P.O.: p<0.005, I.P.: p<0.005) or posttreatment of ginseng (I.P.: 50 mg/kg of body weight, at 30 minutes after irradiation, p<0.05). Treatment with coffee or barley tea showed no significant modifying effects on the radiation-induced damages. These results indicated that green tea and ginseng might be a useful radioprotector, especially since it is a relatively nontoxic natural product. Further studies are needed to characterize better the promotion nature of green tea, ginseng and its components.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.35 no.5
• /
• pp.459-466
• /
• 2020

The physicochemical and antioxidant properties of cookies prepared using powders of barley sprout (BS), lemon balm (LB), and green tea (GT) were studied. The same dough density was maintained in all the sample groups. The experimental group to which the natural ingredients containing antioxidants were added did not show any significant change in the appearance of cookies compared to the control. LB and GT cookies showed significantly lower hardness compared to the control (p<0.05). Control showed the lowest antioxidant effect when assessed with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. (DPPH) and this gradually increased in the order of BS, LB, and GT. The antioxidant activity of GT was 7 times higher as compared to the control (p<0.05). The antioxidant activity assessed using 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) also showed results similar to that seen with DPPH. GT showed a significantly higher total phenol content, about 2-3 times higher compared to the control (p<0.05). GT had significantly higher total flavonoid content than that of the control (p<0.05). Thus, the addition of natural antioxidant ingredients such as sprout barley, lemon balm and specifically green tea, in the preparation of cookies, resulted in excellent antioxidant activity with similar physicochemical quality characteristics. The study suggests that it is possible to develop cookies that are competitive in terms of nutritional and physiologically active functions.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.231-235
• /
• 2009

Viral infections and root growth were examined to elucidate the relationship between viral resistance and root growth in 26 Korean hulless barley cultivars. Viral resistance was estimated in experimental filed of Honam agricultural research institute for 3 years. Length and number of seminal and adventitious roots were examined for evaluation of root growth in both field and green-house conditions 30 days after seeding. Dominant viral infection occurred in Korean hulless barley by Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) in fields; however, susceptible cultivars were infected by either BaYMV, Barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV) or both. Only four cultivars, including Donghanchalssalbori, Kwangwhalssalbori, Namhossalbori and Naehanssalbori, presented stable resistance to viral infections. Susceptible cultivars to viral infection in fields showed shorter seminal root length and fewer adventitious root number than resistant cultivars. Resistant cultivars showed better root growth and significant difference in adventitious root length in green house conditions. Increase in the number of seminal roots in resistant cultivars was derived from decreased damage of roots by the viral infection compared to the susceptible cultivars.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.377-383
• /
• 2003

The functional Jeungpyuns with dietary fiber containing cereals such as brown rice and barley flour were developed and physiochemical properties were investigated. The water binding capacity had significantly the highest value of 28.4% in raw rice flour, followed by brown rice flour and barley flour. The lowest reducing sugar value was seen in unpolished rice substituted Jeungpyun with value of 5.420 (P<0.05). The amount of reducing sugar decreased slightly after steaming, due to the increased degree of sugar dissociation. The L value of the lightness decreased significantly with the substituted samples (P< 0.05). The barley substituted samples were darker than that of brown rice sample groups with less green and yellow color. Microstructures of starch particles after fermentation showed completely dispersed starch particles with air bubbles and sponge-like structure in all samples after steaming. Thus, functional Jeungpyun replaced with brown rice and barley flour can be successfully formulated and has been influenced by the physicochemical properties.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.170-179
• /
• 2001

Green Tea consists of 15-30% catechins (a type of polyphenol), which act as super antioxidants, inhibitory action against aging process. Antioxidants fight radical-free oxygen, an agent which can begin the process of cancer by damaging essential body chemicals and harming DNA. This study was peformed to develop the elderly diet using Green Tea as an inhibitory action against aging process. Nokchaborijook (Baley gruel added rice powder and Green Tea) was manufactured by various levels of Green Tea(1, 4, 7%) and the grinding period(15, 30, 45 sec). The optimum levels of added Green Tea and grinding periods on Nokchaborijook were determined with the results of sensory evaluation by response surface methodology and analysis of composition. The Anti-oxidant Vitamin A, C, E and Flavonoid were increased with increased levels of Green Tea and grinding periods be decreased. As the levels of Green Tea and grinding periods were increased, the green color and penetrated force became stronger. Among the sensory attributes, Bitterness, Green Tea Flavor and Hashness were greater depending on increasing Green Tea. Jujube flavor was greater relying on decreasing Green Tea. Greenness and spreadability of particles were increased as both the amounts of Green Tea and the grinding period were increased. This result was used to determine the optimum conditions of adding levels of Green Tea and grinding periods. The optimum conditions of Nokchaborijook was established as adding of 5.8% Green Tea grinded for 15 seconds.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.314-324
• /
• 2016

To improve the color stability of chlorophyll in young barley leaf used as functional green biomaterial, the absorption spectrum, color values, and antioxidative activities of young barley leaf (YBL) treated with zinc ion solutions were investigated. The small pieces of fresh YBL in aqueous solution mixtures were autoclaved twice at $110^{\circ}C$ for 30 min (pH 5). Distilled water (BLA), 0.01% zinc chloride (BLAZ), 0.01% zinc citrate (BLAC), and 0.01% zinc lactate (BLAL) solutions were used. Treated YBL powders were extracted with 80% EtOH for 4 h. Chlorophyll a and b contents differed with different treatments. BLA decreased chlorophyll a and b contents, whereas others were maintained. Absorbance spectrums of chlorophyll at 400~700 nm showed different maximum peak wavelengths. After heating in acidic and neutral solutions (pH 3, 5, and 7), the colors of YBL and BLA changed from green to olive green, whereas BLAZ, BLAC, and BLAL remained green color. The antioxidative activities showed higher values in YBL extract than in treated extracts. From the above results, autoclaved YBL in zinc solution would increase the color stability and maintain green color regardless of acid and heat treatments.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.45 no.6
• /
• pp.1058-1064
• /
• 2012

A green manure crop were used in many ways, such as for reducing chemical fertilizer, improving physical and chemical properties of soils, protecting soil loss, and creating landscape when it's grown in agricultural land. Experiments were conducted to find out carbon emitted with applying green manure crops in paddy field. Amounts of carbon absorbed in the green manure crops during the winter were 1.22 ton $ha^{-1}$ in hairy vetch, 1,24 ton $ha^{-1}$ in barley, and 1.54 ton $ha^{-1}$ in hairy vetch/barley. The soil carbon content was the highest at days before transplanting of rice and decreased after days after harvesting the plant. Soil carbon contents were higher with hairy vetch or barley treatment than with hairy vetch/barley treatment. The content of emitted methane ($CH_4$) was the highest at 7 days after transplanting rice plant, and was 17 ~ 25 times higher with green manure treatments than with chemical fertilizer application. The $CH_4$ emission was the highest with hairy vetch treatment and than followed by hairy vetch/barley and barley treatments. The content of carbon absorbed in rice plant increased during the cultivation period but was not different with the applications of different green manure crops. The yield amounts of rough rice and rice strow were 5 ~ 13% higher with the green manure treatments than the chemical fertilizer application. In particular, they were the highest with hairy vetch/barley treatment as 14.07 ton $ha^{-1}$.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.360-367
• /
• 2011

The use of green manure crop is one of the methods for alternative of chemical fertilizer as well as maintain of soil sustainability, therefore we evaluated the effect of green manure crops on rice growth and weed occurrence in rice-green manure crop double cropping system. The treatments consisted of incorporation of hairy vetch, barley or combined hairy vetch and barley without any agrochemical or fertilizer. In hand weeding, rice yield in hairy vetch only or hairy vetch and barley incorporated fields was attained by 90% and 93% of the conventional practice, respectively, while the value in barley incorporated fields was just 79%. Although the rice yields were lower than the hand weed control, similar trends in non-weed control were observed among all treatments. At maximum tillering stage, occurred weeds in hairy vetch, barley or hairy vetch and barley incorporated fields were five, five and two species, respectively, while those in conventional practice were six species. Also, the dry weight of weeds in hairy vetch and barley incorporated fields was decreased by 33% and 53% compared to it of conventional practice, while the value in hairy vetch and barley incorporated field was increased by 34%. Among all treatments, although occurrence density of Echinochloa crus-galli was lower than another weed species, the dry weight of it significantly increased. These results suggested that although continuous incorporation of proper amount of legume green manure crops was possible to productivity insurance of crop, but to attain it was essential to the effective management of weeds.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.45 no.2
• /
• pp.192-197
• /
• 2012

The competition between green manure and forage crops frequently occurred at agricultural field because of soil fertility and livestock feeding selection. These experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects shoot and residue for green manure and forage production by leguminous crops and barley mixtures at paddy. Field experiments were conducted at paddy soil from 2008 to 2009. Treatments consisted of mixture and inter-seeding of barley and leguminous crops (hairy vetch and crimson clover). These treatments were divided into cutting height of 8 and 25 cm for using of green manure and forage at once. The residue biomass of 25 cm cutting height was higher than 8 cm and were no significantly between mixture and inter-seeding. However, residues of legume crop were significantly higher at inter-seeding than mixture. The shoot biomass of 8 cm cutting height was higher than 25 cm for forage using. The production of legume crop was high at the barley and hairy vetch seeding plot. The mixture of hairy vetch and barley showed the best biomass of shoot and residue for green manure and forage using at 25 cm of cutting height. Also this treatment could be possible to rice cultivation by no fertilization. Therefore, we suggested that 25 cm cutting of hairy vetch and barley mixture could be used for green manure and forage at the same time under rice-based cropping system.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.301-309
• /
• 1985

This experiment was conducted to know a substantial body of information about the differences of the important forage characteristics; green fodder yield, dry matter yield, TDN%, TDN yield and so forth of the seven cultivars selected as the forage crops (Rye, Triticale, Wheat and Barley) depending on the specific times of cutting stage, on the Wheat and Barley Research Institute from October, 1983 to June, 1984, and the results summarized as follows. Green fodder yield & dry matter weight, when clipped at 20, 30 April and 10 May, of varieties Homil #2 showed the most yielding capacity, but when clipped at 20 May, Suweon#8 (triticale) showed the most green fodder yield whereas Homil #1 the most significant dry matter weight. Plant height, in the cases of Paldanghomil, Homil #1 & Homil #2, showed distinctly longer than that of Bunong, Suweon #8 & Suweon #9 and continued to grow even after the heading date. Dry matter ratio increased with time (Dry matter yield/green fodder yield x100). TDN % decreased but TDN yield increased with time but Homil #1, Homil #2 and Paldanghomil showed relatively the higher values. In the elements of nutrient of cell wall, Suweon #8 & Bungong among 7 cultivars have good quality. The reasonable clipping date of wheat &barley as green fodder crops are 10 May to 20 May, but if clipped before 10 May and 20 May, Homil #2 and Suweon #8 became the promising forage crops, respectively.