• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.36-38
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• 2000

A disease of Kalopanax pictus was found in Taebaec of Kang-won province. Korea, 1998. Typical symptoms were dark green to brown lesions appeared on the leaf and the stem canker. Many spores appeared on the lesions under humid conditions. A Botrytis species was consistently isolated from the infected plants. Conidia were obvoid to ellipsoid, 1-celled, hyaline or pale brown. The conidia were about 6-12${\times}$4-8$\mu\textrm{m}$ under scanning electron microscope, many micro-projections appeared on the surface of conidia. the isolated fungus infected heathy Kalopanax pictus. symptoms in inoculated plants were similar to those of originally diseased plants. The causal agent was identified as Botrytis cinerea. Gray mold of Kalopanax pictus was proposed to name this disease.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.33-35
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• 2000

A disease of Cyclamen persicum was found in Kangnung of Kang-won prefecture, Korea, 1999. Typical symptoms were dark green to brown lesions appeared on petals and leaves. Many spores appeared on the lesions under humid conditions. A Botrytis species was consistently isolated from the infected plant. Conidia were obvoid to ellipsoid, 1-celled, hyaline or pale brown. The conidia were about 0.9-16.0$\times$6.0-10.4㎛(mean, 1.27$\times$7.8㎛) under scanning electron microscope, many micro-projections appeared on the surface of conidia. The isolated fungus infected heathy Cyclamen persicu. The causal agent was identified as Botrytis cinerea. Gray mold of Cyclamen persicum was proposed to name this disease.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.182-188
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• 2014

Because bacterial isolates from only a few genera have been developed commercially as biopesticides, discovery and characterization of novel bacterial strains will be a key to market expansion. Our previous screen using plant bioassays identified 24 novel biocontrol isolates representing 12 different genera. In this study, we characterized the 3 isolates showing the best biocontrol activities. The isolates were Pantoea dispersa WCU35, Proteus myxofaciens WCU244, and Exiguobacterium acetylicum WCU292 based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The isolates showed differential production of extracellular enzymes, antimicrobial activity against various fungal or bacterial plant pathogens, and induced systemic resistance activity against tomato gray mold disease caused by Botrytis cinerea. E. acetylicum WCU292 lacked strong in vitro antimicrobial activity against plant pathogens, but induced systemic resistance against tomato gray mold disease. These results confirm that the trait of biological control is found in a wide variety of bacterial genera.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.277-280
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• 2015

In August 2015, we collected samples of gray mold from sweet basil growing in Sachunmeon, Gangneung, Gangwon Province, Korea. Symptoms included extensive growth of mycelia with gray conidia on young leaves, stems, and blossoms. The pathogen was isolated from infected leaves and blossoms and the fungus was cultured on potato dextrose agar. For identification of the fungus, morphology and rDNA sequencing analysis of the fungus were performed, which confirmed its pathogenicity according to Koch's postulates. The results of morphological examinations, pathogenicity tests, and the rDNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS1 and ITS4) and the three nuclear protein-coding genes G3PDH, HSP60, and RPB2 showed that the causal agent was Botrytis cinerea. This is the first report of gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea on sweet basil in Korea.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.337-344
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• 2017

To develop a commercial product using the mycoparasitic fungus Simplicillium lamellicola BCP, the scale-up of conidia production from a 5-l jar to a 5,000-l pilot bioreactor, optimization of the freeze-drying of the fermentation broth, and preparation of a wettable powder-type formulation were performed. Then, its disease control efficacy was evaluated against gray mold diseases of tomato and ginseng plants in field conditions. The final conidial yields of S. lamellicola BCP were $3.3{\times}10^9conidia/ml$ for a 5-l jar, $3.5{\times}10^9conidia/ml$ for a 500-l pilot vessel, and $3.1{\times}10^9conidia/ml$ for a 5,000-l pilot bioreactor. The conidial yield in the 5,000-l pilot bioreactor was comparable to that in the 5-l jar and 500-l pilot vessel. On the other hand, the highest conidial viability of 86% was obtained by the freeze-drying method using an additive combination of lactose, trehalose, soybean meal, and glycerin. Using the freeze-dried sample, a wettable powder-type formulation (active ingredient 10%; BCP-WP10) was prepared. A conidial viability of more than 50% was maintained in BCP-WP10 until 22 weeks for storage at $40^{\circ}C$. BCP-WP10 effectively suppressed the development of gray mold disease on tomato with control efficacies of 64.7% and 82.6% at 500- and 250-fold dilutions, respectively. It also reduced the incidence of gray mold on ginseng by 65.6% and 81.3% at 500- and 250-fold dilutions, respectively. The results indicated that the new microbial fungicide BCP-WP10 can be used widely to control gray mold diseases of various crops including tomato and ginseng.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.89-91
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• 2005

In April of 2003 to 2004, the gray mold disease caused by Botrytis cinerea on Hypericum ascyron was occurred in the exhibition field of Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, at Hamyang-gun in Korea. The disease symptoms were started with water-soaking lesions in stem and the infected plants became withered, discolored and died. The conidia and mycelia of the pathogen appeared on stems of infected plants. The conidia were 1-celled and mostly ellipsoid or ovoid in shape and their color was light gray. The size of conidia was $4{\sim}16\;{\times}\;3{\sim}8\;{\mu}m$ and that of conidiophores was $12{\sim}26\;{\mu}m$ respectively. The pathogen formed sclerotia abundantly on potato-dextrose agar. The optimum temperature for sclerotial formation was $20^{\circ}C$. Pathogenicity of the causal organism was proved according to Koch's postulate. The causal organism was identified as Botrytis cinerea based on mycological characteristics. This is the first report on gray mold of H. ascyron caused by B. cinerea in Korea.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.287-289
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• 2006

Since 2004, a gray mold on Aerides japonicum Lindenb. & Reichb. caused by Botrytis cinerea occurred in a few greenhouses at Goseong and Tongyeong, Gyeongnam, Korea. The disease mainly started on the basal part of leaves, and often lead to severe rots of whole plant. Abundant grayish mycelia and conidial mats were visible on the lesions under a humid conditions. The light gray conidia were one celled and mostly ellipsoid or ovoid in shape. The conidia were $6{\sim}21{\times}4{\sim}13{\mu}m$ in size and conidiophores were $15{\sim}34{\mu}m$ in length. The fungus formed abundant sclerotia on potato-dextrose agar after 18 days incubation at $20^{\circ}C$. The fungus was identified as Botrytis cinerea Persoon: Fries. based on its pathogenicity and mycological characteristics examined in this study. This is the first report of gray mold of Aerides japonicum caused by B. cinerea in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.46-48
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• 2000

The gray mold disease was severely occurred on safflower grown in experimental farm of Kyongsangnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services in 1999. At first, the infected leaves discolored gray or dark from the tip and gradually expanded to downword. The fungus also attacked stem, pod and calyx. The infected area became dark and dried, and frequently gray mold grown on the infected area. The causal organism was isolated and proved its pathogenecity according to Koch's postulate. Conidia of the fungus in mass were hyaline or gray, 1-celled, mostly ellipsoid or ovoid and sized $7.4{\sim}16.8{\times}5.3{\times}10.4\;{\mu}m$. Conidiophores were observed with their wide size of $2.9{\times}15.5\;{\mu}m$. The temperature range for mycelial growth was between $5^{\circ}C\;and\;30^{\circ}C$ with the optimum temperatures of $20^{\circ}C\;and\;25^{\circ}C$. The causal organism was identified as Botrytis cinerea and based on mycological characteristics examined. This is the first report on gray mold of safflower caused by Botrytis cinerea in Korea.

• Mycobiology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.52-53
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• 2011

Gray mold of blueberry caused by Botrytis sp. is reported for the first time in Korea. A detailed description of the fungus is given, along with its rDNA internal transcribed spacer sequence. The fungus was identified as Botrytis cinerea based on mycological characteristics and molecular data.

• Mycobiology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.164-166
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• 2013

A Bacillus sp. BS061 significantly reduced disease incidence of gray mold and powdery mildew. To identify the active principle, the culture filtrate was partitioned between butanol and water. The antifungal activity against B. cinerea was evident in the butanol-soluble portion, and active substances were identified as cyclic lipopeptides, iturin A series, by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR) and mass analysis. Interestingly, antifungal activity against powdery mildew was observed in the water-soluble portion, suggesting that cyclic lipopeptides have no responsibility to suppress powdery mildew. This finding reveals that biocontrol agents of Bacillus origin suppress gray mold and powdery mildew through the secretion of different bioactive substances.