• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.298-311
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• 2015

Grape is one of the important fruit crops around the world, and exposed to disease and pests, and internal or environmental stresses in the vineyards. Breeding and cultivation of new varieties of high quality-grapes resistant to diseases and pests and tolerant to stresses are the most important steps in the grape production. However, conventional breeding has laborious and time-consuming procedures in maintaining and selecting seedlings in the fields. Development of molecular breeding technology through understanding of molecular mechanism of useful traits can be used as an alternative strategy to improve the efficiency of grape breeding program by cross hybridization in grape development programs. The completion of the grape genome sequencing project provided the way to discover the novel genes and to analyze their functions. Comparative genomics, transcriptomic analysis, and the genome-wide identification and analysis of useful genes as well as development of molecular marker for valuable traits could provide novel insights into fruit quality and the responses to diseases and stresses, and can be used as important information in molecular breeding programs for grape development.

• Mycobiology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.269-273
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• 2014

During 2010 and 2012 grape harvest seasons in Gyeonggi-do, Korea, a white stain symptom was observed on the harvested grape fruits in 'Campbell-Early' and 'Kyoho' varieties. In samples collected from the infected vine, two different strains of pathogenic fungi have been found and identified as Acremonium acutatum and Trichothecium roseum based on fungal morphology and nucleotide sequence of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and supported by the phylogenetic analysis of the rDNA-ITS region. The DNA homologies of the isolated strains were 99.8% and 99.6% identical with T. roseum (IFB-22133) and A. acutatum (CBS682.71), respectively. In the pathogenicity test, the spores of A. acutatum and T. roseum sprayed on the grapes caused white stain symptoms on the fruits in two weeks after the artificial inoculation, which is similar to observations in the field. To our knowledge, this is the first report of white stain symptoms caused by A. acutatum and T. roseum on the grapes in Korea.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.233-238
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• 2008

Kadainou R-1, an interspecific hybrid grape derived from red (Vitis ficifolia var. ganebu) and white (V. vinifera cv. Muscat of Alexandria) grapes, accumulates high concentrations of anthocyanin in the berry skin. Hence, the expression of uridine 50 -diphosphate (UDP)-glucose:flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT), the key enzyme of the anthocyanin pathway, was examined in the berry skin of Kadainou R-1. As information on gene sequences of V. ficifolia var. ganebu and other wild grape species was unavailable, we performed GeneChip hybridization using biotin-labeled genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) to investigate how the genomic sequences of V. vinifera varieties and that of V. ficifolia var. ganebu differ. The study showed a lower correlation coefficient between V. vinifera cultivars and V. ficifolia var. ganebu than that among V. vinifera cultivars. The sequences of the UFGT gene derived from both parents of the red and white cultivars were sequenced in Kadainou R1 and revealed that both were expressed irrespective of the fact that it was not expressed in the white grape (male parent).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.257-260
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• 1984

Grape seed of five varieties of grapes and their oils were analyzed in terms of their chemical composition, lipid class and fatty acid composition. Grape seed analysis showed that it contained; total sugar:2.78-5.13%, crude protein:7.68-15.37%, petroleum ether extract:11.31-16.96%, ash:1.81-2.91%. Grape seed oil was composed of 89.5-99.3% triglyceride. Total fatty acid was composed mainly of palmitic acid (6.7-9.1%), oleic acid (13.4-20.7%) and linoleic acid (68.1-78.1%), meaning the oil to be oleic-linoleic.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.179-190
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• 2023

Grapevine downy mildew, caused by Plasmopara viticola, significantly damages vineyards and is one of the most devastating diseases affecting cultivated grapes worldwide. In this study, we characterized the phenotypic and molecular traits of 11 P. viticola isolates from four grape-growing regions in South Korea. Additionally, we investigated the diversity of pathogenicity among these isolates and conducted an assay to evaluate the response of grape cultivars to P. viticola infection. Lemon-shaped sporangia were identified in the collected isolates, which released zoospores into the suspension at room temperature. Within a few hours of inoculation, the zoospores developed germ tubes. We tested 11 P. viticola isolates for pathogenicity in 845 grape cultivars to screen for grape host resistance to downy mildew infection. Among the tested isolates, JN-9 showed the highest virulence. Grape cultivars displayed varying phenotypic reactions to P. viticola infection: approximately 7% were highly susceptible, 41% were susceptible, 20% were moderately susceptible, 8% were resistant, and 24% exhibited extreme resistance. Phylogenetic analysis based on four genomic regions (internal transcribed spacer 1 [ITS1], actin, beta-tubulin, and cytochrome c oxidase II) revealed a close evolutionary relationship among all the Korean isolates, forming a single monophyletic lineage. Notably, these isolates showed greater similarity to European isolates than to American isolates. This comprehensive study contributes to a deeper understanding of the identity and behavior of P. viticola, which is crucial for developing effective resistance strategies against this pathogen in grape cultivars cultivated in South Korea.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.187-197
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• 1975

1. This study was carried out to select the high yielding and low production cost among grape varieties for the wine production. Thirty-three vareties which have been grown in commercial vineyards was examined in this experiment. 2. Most wine varieties improved in Europe were lower in the content of sugar than in originally developed location. 3. The varieties with larger cluster were Dattier de Saint-Vallier (treated with Ga), Golden Queen, Muscat Bailey A, and Danored. 4. Juice percent to cluster ranges from 60 to 90% and higher juice content varieties were Himrod Seedless. Delaware (Ga), and Fredonia. 5. Most wine varieties have higher per cent of seed and pedicel to cluster and flesh per cent was lower than in table varieties. 6. High yielding varieties were Muscat Bailey A, Danored, and Golden Queen. on the other hand, juice yield was higher in Campbell Early, Danored, Muscat Bailey A, and Golden Queen cultivers. 7. Muscat Bailey A, Alden, Steuben, Campbell Early, S-1000. and S-13053 for red wine, and Dattier(Ga), Golden Queen and low production cost in manufacturing wine.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.280-286
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to describe the effects of genetic factors on the chemical composition or metabolites of grapes harvested within the same region. Grapes were separated into pulp, skin, and seed, and physicochemical characteristics were compared among seven grape varieties. The sugar concentrations of the grape musts ranged from $15.17-20.93^{\circ}Bx$ with Seibel variety being highest at $20.93^{\circ}Bx$. pH ranges of grape musts were 3.46-4.02 and total acidity was highest with 1.05 in Steuben variety. Tartaric acid content was highest with 146.68, 500.10 mg/L in pulp and skin extract of Merlot variety. Malic acid content was highest in pulp extract of Seibel variety (1127.14 mg/L) and skin extract of Chardonnay variety (1720.06 mg/L). K content was highest with 379.13 and 828.01 mg/L in pulp and skin extract of Chardonnay variety. Ca content was highest in pulp extract of Kyoho variety (6.98 mg/L) and skin extract of Campbell Early variety (12.26 mg/L).

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.359-367
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• 2023

Grapes are one of the most important fruit trees both domestically and globally. Recently, changes in plant phenology and frequent low temperatures due to climate change are increasing the possibility of damage to grape shoots in spring, which is a serious threat to grape production. This study was conducted to investigated the severity of shoots damage and the change of free sugar content in the plant organs by phenological stage, especially, from germination to leafing period. Furthermore, in order to compare the cold hardiness among grape varieties including 'Campbell Early', 'Kyoho' and 'Shine Muscat' widely grown in Korea, lethal temperature (LT₅₀) and free sugar content by grape variety were analyzed. Shoot damage by low temperatures continued to increase as the phenological stage progressed gradually, from the bud burst to the fourth leafing stage. On the other hand, the free sugar content of each organ except leaves continued to decrease, showing pattern to similar to cold hardiness. This indicates a close relationship between free sugar content and cold hardiness. In terms of cold hardiness comparison among grape varieties, 'Shine Muscat' showed the highest cold resistance in the leafing stage with the lowest LT₅₀ and the highest total free sugar content. Next was 'Kyoho' and 'Campbell Early'. There are clear differences in cold hardiness depending on the variety. However, it is not the same at all growth stage. It may change according to phenological stage and influenced by free sugar content at that time.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.209-214
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that led greenhouse grape farms to delay their heating periods after the coming into force of the Korea-Chile Free Trade Agreement (FTA). Panel data on the cropping (system) changes from 2004 through 2016 were used for the analysis. According to the panel logistic model, the estimated coefficient of the cultivation area was 0.0002, which was statistically significant at the 10% significance level, the estimated coefficient of grape imports was 1.4258, which was statistically significant at the 1% significance level, and the estimated coefficient of the regional dummy was 0.808, which was statistically significant at the 5% significance level. The results indicated that the use of wider cultivation areas, increase in grape imports, and colder climate(in the mid-northern part of Korea) increased the likelihood of delayed heating. The Korean government is offering direct payment programs and business closure support to the greenhouse grape farmers. While these actions can relieve the damage caused by the increase in grape imports, they will not provide the ultimate solution. Various support measures are needed, such as renewing the varieties to meet the changing demand of grape consumers, providing agricultural materials to reduce the heating expenses, and modernizing greenhouse facilities to improve the energy efficiency and reduce the costs.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.72-80
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• 1970

The chemical composition of the of grape juices produced in Korea in 1969 were analyzed and the amino acids and sugars in these juices were detected by means of paper partition chromatography. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Less sugar and amino-N and more acid were contained in Korean grape juices than those of foreign's, and tannin content was not so different as foreign's. 2. More sugar, amino-N and tannin and less acid were contained in the juices of Campbell Early obtained in Anyang district than in Taejon and Pohang districts. 3. Twenty-one amino acids detected in grape juices were distributed as following frequency. Aspartic acid, serine, glycine, asparagine, lysine, arginine, threonine, alanine ${\gamma}-amino$ butyric acid, valine, leucine, proline (in 11 varieties), glutamine, tyrosine(10), cystine(9), glutamic acid, Hydroxyproline(8), isoleucine(4), phenylalanine, unknown(3). 4. Alanine was mostly abundant in all varieties and ${\gamma}-amino$ butyric acid was next and the decreasing order were arginine, valine, leucine, proline, glutamine, threonine, etc. in the amount. 5. Number of amino acid detected in grape juices of each varieties were 20 sorts in Delaware(Anyang), 19 in Black Hamburg, and Schuyler, 18 in Campbell Early(three districts), Delaware(seedless, Taejon) and Alden, 17 in Niagara, 16 in Muscat Hamburg, and 15 in Golden Muscat. 6. Number of essential amino acids contained in Delaware(Anyang) and Black Hamburg were 6 sorts and in Campbell Early (Anyang), Niagara and Muscat Hamburg were 5 and in others 4. 7. The same number of amino acid were detected in the juices of Campbell Early obtained from three districts, but hydroxyproline was detected in that of Anyang only, while isoleucine was appeared in those of Taejon and Pohang. 8. Glucose, fructose were detected in all grape juices.