• Applied Microscopy
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2007

뒤쥐 Sorex caecutiens의 악하선의 미세구조를 연구하였다. 악하선은 샘포들과 도관들로 구성되었다. 악하선 샘포는 잘 발달된 조면소포체, 미토콘드리아와 많은 전자밀도가 있는 분비과립으로 채워진 장액선 세포와 점액선 세포를 가지는 혼합샘이었다. 장액선 샘포 과립은 명확한 한계막이 없는 타원형으로 다양한 전자밀도를 가지는 거친 알갱이만을 가지고 있었다. 점액선 샘포 과립은 명확한 한계막이 없는 타원형이고 전자밀도가 있는 균질한 기질 내에 몇 개의 연하거나 투명한 띠를 가져 다양한 문양으로 관찰되었다. 따라서 뒤쥐아과(Soricinae)에 속하는 뒤쥐, S. caecutiens의 악하선 샘포 과립은 샘포 과립의 경계막의 부재와 점액 샘포 과립의 특별한 문양으로 땃쥐아과(Crocidurinae)를 포함한 다른 포유류 종들과 구분된다. 과립관세포에서 많은 작은 과립소포와 층으로 된 한계막으로 덮이고 거친 장액성의 분비 과립 혹은 균질한 기질로 채워진 몇 개의 특징적 구조들이 관찰되었다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.407-416
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the NPY-immunohistochemical characteristics of the olfactory bulb in the striped field mouse(Apodemus agrarius). The animals were anesthesized with thiopental sodium and perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde through left ventricle and aorta. Brains were removed and tranfered 10%, 20% and 30% sucrose. Sections were then cut on a cryostat into $40{\mu}m$-thick. The tissue immunostained with avidin-biotinylated complex method. The main olfactory bulb consisted of seven circumferential laminae : an olfactory nerve fiber layer, a glomerular layer with glomeruli surrounding by periglomerular cells, an external plexiform layer having granule and tufted cells, a mitral cell layer, a narrow internal plexiform layer, a granule cell layer forming several cell rows and a layer of white matter. The accessory olfactory bulb had four layers : an olfactory or vomeronasal nerve fiber layer, a glomerular layer consisting of small glomeruli, a mixed layer not distinguishing the external plexiform/mitral cell/granule cell layers and a granule cell layer. Most of NPY-immunoreactive(NPY-IR) neurons in main olfactory bulb were localized in the deeper portion of granule cell layer, white matter and anterior olfactory nucleus. In addition, some NPY-IR neurons were identified in the external plexiform layer. The shape of NPY-IR neurons of all olfactory bulb were predominant round or oval, sometime multipolar in shape. And most NPY-IR processes were parallel to long axis of white matter. In accessory olfactory bulb, NPY-IR neurons were not found in all region.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.86-95
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• 1995

This study was accomplished to investigate the ultrastructure of mucous glands in dorsal skin of frog (Rana catesbeiana) by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopes. The dorsal skin of Rana catesbeiana is composed of epidermis and dermis. The cutaneous mucous glands consist of inner glandular epithelial cells and outer myoepithelial cells. Glandular epithelial cells are divided into four types by the microscopic ultrastructure; ER-rich cell, round secretory granule-containing cell, foam-like granule mass-containing cell, mitochondria-rich cell. Myoepithelial cell has a long elliptical nucleus and filled with fibrous materials in the cytoplasm. As a result of scanning microscopic observation, the surface of dorsal skin is covered with cutaneous protrusions. The opening sites of the mucous glands are irregularly distributed in dorsal skin.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.295-300
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• 1995

These studies were designed to examine the effects of ginsenosides on glutamate neurotansmission. In primary cultures of rat cerebellar granule cells, ginsenosides (Rb1, Rc did not Rg1, $500\mug/ml$) increased glutamate release which was measured by HPLC. but HPLC, but Re did not shwo an elevation of glutamate release. However, all of these ginsenosides down-regulated N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced glutamate release. Rc strongly increased glutamate release and elevated intracellular clcium concentrations $([Ca_{2+}]_i)$ which was measured by ratio fluorometry with FURA-2AM. These results indicate that ginsenosides have a homeostatic effect on glutamate neurotransmission, and there is a structure-function relationship among the ginsenosides tested.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1996

Functional and morphological characteristics of the exocrine pancreas in genetic model BB rat of insulin dependent diabetes medllitus(IDDM) were carried out. Wistar rat was used as control animal. Flow rate of pancreatic juice, output of amylase and protein, and plasma glucose and insulin levess were examined. Also light and ultrastructural characteristics of the exocrine pancreas were observed. Pancreatic flow rate, output of amylase and protein, and insulin level were lower;glucose level was higher comparing with those of the control Wistar rat. In Wistar rat, exocrine pancreas was typical light microscopically. Zymogen granules and cell organelles were well developed in fine structure. Cell size of the periinsular acini was larger, and number of zymogen granules were more than those of the teleinsular acini. Most acinar cells were dark cells which containe well-developed RER in their cytoplasm. On the other hand, some light cells which have the dilated RER cisterns were found. In BB rat exocrine pancreas, cell size of per-and tele-insular acini similar to that of Wistar rat. The number of light cells occupied 40-50% compairing with that of Wistar rat. Zymogen granules were lower in number than that of Wistar rat and divied into three types in morphological characteristics ; type I showing normal structure, type II showing the wide hallo and small electron dense core in center of the zymogen granule and type III not having the electron dense core in the zymogen granule. The present ratio of type I, type II and type III are less than 5%, 30-40% and more than 50%, respectively.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2005

악하선의 미세구조를 작은땃쥐 Crocidura suaveolens에서 연구하였다. 작은땃쥐의 악하선은 장액선세포와 점액선세포로 구성된 혼합샘이었다. 이 샘포에서 분비된 과립들은 도관을 거쳐 구강으로 분비되었다. 장액선세포와 점액선세포는 잘 발달된 조면소포체와 미토콘드리아 그리고 많은 분비과립을 가지고 있었다. 장액선 분비과립의 경우, 미성숙 분비과립은 무형이면서 전자밀도가 있는 작은 알갱이로만 구성되었고, 성숙 과립은 단일막으로 싸여진 완전한 원형으로 전자밀도가 있는 균질의 중앙부와 전자밀도가 있는 작은 알갱이로 구성된 주변부를 가지고 있었다. 점액선 분비과립의 경우, 미성숙 과립은 원형으로 균질한 기질과 불명확한 경계막을 가지는 반면, 성숙 과립은 균질한 기질 내에 몇 개의 전자밀도가 있는 띠를 가짐으로서 문양의 다양성 가지는 매끈한 원형이었고 명확한 경계막을 가지고 있었다. 즉 작은 땃쥐의 성숙 점액선 분비과립은 문양의 다양성을 가져 다른 포유류와 구분될 뿐만 아니라 매끈한 원형이어서 C. lasiura의 그것과도 구분되었다. 거대한 분비 과립과 미엘린소체가 과립관세포의 세포질과 내강에서 관찰되었다. 3종의 땃쥐류 침샘의 과립관에서 만 보고된 특징적 구조물인 미엘린소체는 분비세포에서 내강으로 분비되었으며 분비과립의 배출방식과 약간의 차이점을 가졌다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.41-58
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• 1994

The present studies were designed to determine the feasibility of using the rat tracheal epithelium as models for induction of aging. The ultrastructural and cytochemical changes of tracheal epithelium were investigated in rats at ages of five, twelve and twenty four months. Some major changes in the tracheal epithelium with advancing age were observed by electron microscopy. The results were summarized as fellow: 1. With the advance of age, lysosome, vacuole and multivesicular bodies were increased in number and numerous myelinoid bodies were observed in cytoplasm of ciliated cells. 2. In goblet cell, serous cell and brush cell lysosome and myelinoid bodies were increased in number with the advance of age, and an myelinoid bodies was often found within the secretory granule. 3. Cytochemical studies showed that acid phosphatase activities was observed in multivesicular bodies and lysosome, strong activities with the advance of age. And alkaline phosphatase activity are observed in microvilli, granule and lateral membrane of secretory granule cells, and strong activities with age. Consequently suggest that with the advance of age, tracheal epithelium show ultrastructural and cytochemical alteration of some kind of cell organelles in all kind of cell.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.164-170
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• 2001

Glutamate receptors-mediated excitoxicity is believed to play a role in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. The present study was performed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of fanschinoline, a bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, which has a characteristic as a $Ca^{2+}$channel blockers on excitatory amino acids (EAAS)-induced neurotoxicity in cultured rat cerebellar granule neuron. Fangchinoline (1 and 5$\mu\textrm{m}$) inhibited glutamate (1 ${m}M$), N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA; 1 ${m}M$) and kainate (100$\mu\textrm{m}$)-induced neuronal cell death which was measured by trypan blue exclusion test. Fangchinoline (1 and 5$\mu\textrm{m}$) inhibited glutamate release into medium induced by NMDA (1 ${m}M$) and kainate (100$\mu\textrm{m}$), which was measured by HPLC. And fangchinoline (5$\mu\textrm{m}$) inhibited glutamate (1 ${m}M$)-induced elevation of intracellular calcium concentration. These results suggest that inhibition of $Ca^{2+}$influx by fangchinoline may contribute to the beneficial effects on neurodegenerative effect of glutamate in pathophysiological conditions.

• BMB Reports
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2016

Germline stem cells (GSCs) are the best understood adult stem cell types in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, and have provided an important model system for studying stem cells and their cell fate in vivo, in mammals. In this review, we propose a mechanism that controls GSCs and their cell fate through selective activation, repression and mobilization of the specific mRNAs. This mechanism is acutely controlled by known signal transduction pathways (e.g., Notch signaling and Ras-ERK MAPK signaling pathways) and P granule (analogous to mammalian germ granule)-associated mRNA regulators (FBF-1, FBF-2, GLD-1, GLD-2, GLD-3, RNP-8 and IFE-1). Importantly, all regulators are highly conserved in many multi-cellular animals. Therefore, GSCs from a simple animal may provide broad insight into vertebrate stem cells (e.g., hematopoietic stem cells) and their cell fate specification.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.306-315
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• 1996

납 내성균인 P. aeruginosa의 균체내 납 축적 특성, 축적형태 및 균체내에 축적된 납의 회수 방법을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 납 농도가 100mg/l인 용액중에서 처리 48시간 후 납 내성균주의 납 처리율은 약 97% 이상이었다. 납이 축적된 균체를 전자현미경으로 관찰한 결과, 균체의 cell wall과 cell membrane에 많은 electron-dense granule들이 형성되어 있었으며, electron-dense granule들을 EDS로 분석한 결과, 이 granule들은 lead complex인 것으로 확인되었다. 공시균주의 균체내 축적된 납은 증류수에 의해서는 거의 탈착이 되지 않았으나 EDTA 처리에 의해서는 약 87% 이상 탈착되었다. 납이 축적된 균체를 $550^{\circ}C$에서 회화시켰을 때 건조균체량의 약 30%에 해당하는 작열잔류화합물들이 생성되었으며, 이 작열잔류화합물들을 EDS로 분석한 결과, 납이 약 86% 이상 함유되어 있는 비교적 순수한 납 화합물인 것으로 확인되었다.