• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.689-695
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• 2007

The pine mushroom is recognized as being a valuable functional food and is considered a prized mushroom. One of the product development plans for this mushroom is a granular tea. Thus, for this study, the physical properties and sensory qualities evaluation of such a this product were measured. First, we extracted pine mushrooms at various temperatures(50, 60, 70, 80 and $90^{\circ}C$) to make a pine mushroom granular tea. The extraction yield and free amino acid content were greatest in the $50^{\circ}C$ extraction. This extract that was acquired at $50^{\circ}C$ was lyophilized and pulverized to make the granule tea. According to the results, the granular tea made from 4% pine mushroom powder had the best taste, with a Brix value of 1.9% and a pH of 4.12. The L-value of chromaticity was 49.00, the a-value -0.85, and the b-value was 1.28.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.273-285
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to find appropriate processing condition of astringent persimmon and persimmon leaf granular tea. Under the condition of 4 hour extraction and $50^{\circ}brix$, extraction yield and concentrating of astringent persimmon were the greatest. Under the condition of 2 hour extraction and $7^{\circ}brix$, extraction yield and concentrating of persimmon leaf were the greatest. The optimum condition of granular tea with astringent persimmon and persimmon leaf added was the best in astringent persimmon concentrate of 16% and persimmon leaf concentrate of 4%. It had the best taste after the condition in a brix value of 16.15% and a pH of 5.57. The L-value of chromaticity was -79.13, a-value 2.27, and b-value 2.41. In the sensory properties correlation analysis of astringent persimmon and persimmon leaf granular tea, sweet taste, color acceptability, odor acceptability and taste accept-ability were positively significant correlation with most sensory properties. However, astringent taste was no significant correlation with sensory acceptability. Bitter taste and after taste were negatively significant correlation with most sensory properties.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.491-493
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• 2010

Granular cell tumor was described in a 7-year-old male Miniature Pinscher. Sublingual mass was surgically removed and submitted for diagnosis. The mass was about 1.8 cm in diameter, firm, tan, and ulcerated. On histopathology, the mass was unencapsulated and infiltrated adjacent tissue and consisted of nest or sheet of round to polygonal, and occasional spindle-shaped cells. The neoplastic cells contain large amount of eosinophilic granular materials in the cytoplasm. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were positive to neuron-specific enolase but were negative to S-100. The cytoplasmic eosinophilic granules were positive to PAS but were negative to PTAH methods. Based on these results, the mass was diagnosed as sublingual granular cell tumor. No recurrence or metastasis was noted so far since surgery.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.96-102
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• 2000

과립세포종은 Schwann 세포에서 유래한 연부조직 종양으로서 드물게는 기관지내에서 발견되며 이 경우 다른 조직에서 발생한 경우와 달리 폐암이나 기관지결핵과 같은 흔한 기관지내 질환과의 감별이 임상적으로 문제가 된다. 저자들은 62세 남자에서 악성 종격동 종양과 병발하였고 기관지 내시경상에서 좌상엽 기관지내에서 용종양 종괴로 발견되어 조직검사로 확진되었던 과립세포종의 증례를 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.157-160
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• 2007

Granular cell tumor (GCT) of the breast is a rare clinical entity, and is believed to be of schwannian origin and to follow a benign clinical course. A 50-year-old woman presented with a slowly growing mass in the right breast. Fine needle aspiration cytology revealed a cellular smear containing isolated or clustered cells showing round to oval nuclei with abundant oncocytic granular cytoplasm. Nuclei showed a fine granular chromatin pattern and occasional small single nucleoli. Cell boundaries were poorly defined, and naked nuclei were frequently found, Histologically, the tumor showed features of typical GCT, and immunohistochemical staining findings strongly supported the diagnosis. The present study demonstrates that GCT of the breast can mimic malignant lesions of breast both clinically and radiologically. The recognition of its cytologic features and suspicion of this lesion would undoubtedly aid the correct diagnosis of mammary GCT.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.32.1-32.4
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• 2023

Granular cell tumor was described in the testis of two rabbits. Testis from each rabbit was surgically removed and submitted for histopathological diagnosis. Both testes were about 2.0 cm in diameter, firm, and tan. Microscopically, testicular mass consisted of compact sheets of round to polygonal and occasional spindle-shaped cells. The neoplastic cells contain a large amount of eosinophilic granular material in the cytoplasm. The cytoplasmic eosinophilic granules were positive for periodic acid Schiff stain. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were immunoreactive to Melan-A and vimentin. Based on these results, the testicular mass was diagnosed as a granular cell tumor.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2024

Biological nutrient removal is gaining increasing attention in wastewater treatment plants; however, it is adversely affected by low temperatures. This study examined temperature effects on nutrient removal and morphological stability of the granular and denitrifying phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAO and DPAO, respectively) using sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) at 5, 10, and 20 ℃. Lab-scale SBRs were continuously operated using anaerobic-anoxic and anaerobic-oxic cycles to develop the PAO and DPAO granules for 230 d. Sludge granulation in the two SBRs was observed after approximately 200 d. The average removal efficiency of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) and PO₄^3--P remained >90% throughout, even when the temperature dropped to 5 ℃. The average removal efficiency of NO₃^--N remained >80% consistently in DPAO SBR. However, nitrification drastically decreased at 10 ℃. Hence, the removal efficiency of NH₄⁺-N was decreased from 99.1% to 54.5% in PAO SBR. Owing to the increased oxygen penetration depth at low temperatures, the influence on nitrification rates was limited. The granule in DPAO and PAO SBR was observed to be unstable and disintegrated at 10 ℃. In conclusion, morphological characteristics showed that changed conversion rates at low temperatures in aerobic granular sludge altered both nutrient removal efficiencies and granule formation.

• 한국자기학회:학술대회 개요집
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• 한국자기학회 2002년도 동계연구발표회 논문개요집
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• pp.190-191
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• 2002

Granular feromagnets는 non-magnetic maxtrix 안에 nanometer-sized의 ferromagnetic grain들 구성된다. Co-Cu,Co-Ag, Fe-Ag, NiFe-Ag $^1$을 포함하는 이미 알려진 다른 Granular 금속 합금들의 giant magnetoresistance 에 관계하여 Granular feromagnets 에 대해 조사하였다. Bulk상태의 NiFe와 Mn 혼화되기 쉽다.$^2$ 그리고 Mn은 열처리된 다층박막의 NiFe의 lattice에 쉽게 수용되어진다.$^3$ 이번 실험에서는 metastable한 fcc solid solution NiFe-Mn 박막이 열처리 하에서 NiFe과 Mn으로 분리되었다. (중략)

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.209-220
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• 1997

The dynamic equations for an arbitrary cluster comprising rigid spheres or assemblies of spheres (subclusters) encountered in granular-type systems are considered. The system is treated within the framework of multibody dynamics. It is shown that for an arbitrary cluster topology the governing equations can be given in an explicit scalar from. The derivation is based on the D'Alembert principle, on inertial coordinate system for each body and direct utilization of the path matrix describing the topology. The scalar form of the equations is important in computer simulations of flow of granular-type materials. An illustrative example of a three-body system is given.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.193-196
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• 2014

We report a rare case of granular cell tumor arising in the left lower lobe (LLL) bronchus with secondary obstructive change in a 60-year-old male. The patient was found to have a nodule in the LLL on a computed tomography scan, three months prior to his presentation to the Asan Medical Center. Bronchoscopic biopsies revealed a granular cell tumor. After undergoing LLL lobectomy with bronchoplasty, the patient has not experienced any tumor recurrence.