• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.389-394
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• 2006

The characteristic of moisture absorption of granular fertilizer was measured at several different opening sizes on the top cover of a hopper in a humid weather. The size of the opening was to represent the degree of looseness of sealing of the top cover of the hopper. The application distribution was characterized by the scattering distance of granular fertilizer with different degree of moisture absorption in a pneumatic granular fertilizer applicator. The moisture absorption rates were 12.92 and 12.26 mg of moisture an hour for one gram of each granular fertilizers of NPK 22-12-12 and 21-17-17, respectively. The moisture absorption increased linearly as the opening size increased. The median value of the scattering distance distribution decreased with time of absorption, however, it decreased very slowly after three hours of absorption.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.219-228
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• 1980

도룡뇽 (Hynobius leechi Boulenger)의 피부과립선의 미세구조를 전자현미경으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 도룡뇽의 피부과립선은 선체부와 분비관으로 구성되며, 선체부는 선상피세포와 근상피세포, 분비관은 각질세포들로 구성되었다. 2. 피부과립선의 선상피세포는 세포질의 전자밀도가 높은 암세포와 세포질의 전자밀도가 낮은 명세포가 관찰되었다. 3. 피부과립선의 분비과립은 구형 또는 나형이었고, 높은 전자밀도를 보이는 과립, 중등도의 전자밀도를 보이는 과립 그리고 낮은 전자밀도를 보이는 과립들로 구분할 수 있었다. 또한 낮은 전자밀도를 보이는 과립중에는 과립막 인접부에 부분적으로 높은 전자밀도를 보이는 과립들이 관찰되었다. 4. 피부과립선내 분비과립들이 같은 세포내에서 전자밀도의 차이를 보이는 것은 분비과립의 성숙단계 및 성숙된 과립의 수분흡수 정도에 따른 농도차이에 기인하며, 그 화학적 조성은 유사하다고 생각한다.

• 한국자기학회:학술대회 개요집
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• 한국자기학회 2004년도 동계학술연구발표회 논문개요집
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• pp.123-124
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• 2004

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.46-51
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• 2015

In this paper, we have developed numerical model for particulated flow through narrow slit using Eulerian-Granular method. Commercial software (FLUENT) was utilized as simulation tool and main focus was to identify the effect from various numerical options for modeling of solid particles as continuos phase in granular flow. Gidaspow model was chosen as basic model for solid viscosity and drag model. And lun-et-al model was used as solid pressure and radial distribution model, respectively. Several other model options in FLUENT were tested considering the cross related effect. Mass flow rate of the particulate through the slit was measured to compare. Due to the high volume density of the stacked particulates above the slit, effect from various numerical options were not significant. The numerical results from basic model were also compared with experimental results and showed very good agreement. The effects from the characteristics of particles such as diameter, angle of internal friction, and collision coefficient were also analyzed for future design of velocity resistance layer in solar thermal absorber. Angle of internal friction was found to be the dominat variable for the particle mass flow rate considerably. More defined 3D model along with energy equation for complete solar thermal absorber design is currently underway.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.435-447
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• 2017

Associative and bidirectional associative memories are examples of associative structures studied intensively in the literature. The underlying idea is to realize associative mapping so that the recall processes (one-directional and bidirectional ones) are realized with minimal recall errors. Associative and fuzzy associative memories have been studied in numerous areas yielding efficient applications for image recall and enhancements and fuzzy controllers, which can be regarded as one-directional associative memories. In this study, we revisit and augment the concept of associative memories by offering some new design insights where the corresponding mappings are realized on the basis of a related collection of landmarks (prototypes) over which an associative mapping becomes spanned. In light of the bidirectional character of mappings, we have developed an augmentation of the existing fuzzy clustering (fuzzy c-means, FCM) in the form of a so-called collaborative fuzzy clustering. Here, an interaction in the formation of prototypes is optimized so that the bidirectional recall errors can be minimized. Furthermore, we generalized the mapping into its granular version in which numeric prototypes that are formed through the clustering process are made granular so that the quality of the recall can be quantified. We propose several scenarios in which the allocation of information granularity is aimed at the optimization of the characteristics of recalled results (information granules) that are quantified in terms of coverage and specificity. We also introduce various architectural augmentations of the associative structures.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.60-62
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• 2006

Granular cell tumor is an uncommon lesion that was first described by Abrikossoff in 1926. It is usually benign tumor that can occur in any parts of the body. The most common region of granular cell tumor is the head and neck, accounting for approximately 30 to 50 percent of all lesions, with the tongue as the single most common site of origin. The larynx is uncommon location, accounting for approximately 3 to 10 percent of the reported case. Herein we report a case of a 41-year-old man with laryngeal granular cell tumor who was successfully treated, especially showing well improvements in his voice after the operation. In addition, a brief discussion of the current literatures regarding the typical features of the tumor are also presented.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.1363-1368
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• 2011

본 논문은 화소 대 화소 매핑 기반 컴퓨터 집적 영상에서 발생하는 그래눌라 잡음에 대한 해석을 제시한다. 화소 매핑 기반 집적 영상 복원 방식은 고해상도의 영상을 제공할 뿐 아니라 이전의 역투사 방식보다 연산량이 작다. 본 논문에서는 화소 매핑 방식에 대한 신호 모델이 소개되고, 이를 통하여 그래눌라 잡음을 정의하고 해석한다. 제시된 신호 모델을 기반으로 잡음에 대한 특성을 분석한 컴퓨터 실험이 제공된다. 실험 결과는 기존의 역투사 방식의 그래눌라 잡음 발생 형태와 상이함을 보여주며 이는 또한 화소 매핑 방식에서 활용될 수 있음을 보여준다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2012

The present study investigates treatment methods for removal of arsenic from wastewater. The granular activated carbon (GAC) with the coating of iron chloride ($FeCl_3$) was used for the treatment of a low concentration of arsenic from wastewater. Batch experiments were performed to investigate the synthesis of Fe-GAC (Iron coated granular activated carbon), effects of pH, adsorption kinetics and the Langmuir model. The synthesized Fe-GAC with 0.1 M $FeCl_3$ shows best removal efficiency. Adsorption studies were carried out in the optimum pH range of 4-6 for arsenic removal. The Fe-GAC showed promising results by removing 99.4% of arsenic. In the adsorption isotherm studies, the observed data fitted well with the Langmuir models. In continuous column study showed that As(V) could be removed to below 0.25 mg/L within 1,020 pore volume. Our results suggest that the surface modified granular activated carbon treated with $FeCl_3$ for effective removal of arsenic from wastewater.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.1411-1416
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• 2009

Several adsorbents were tried to remove the selenium ions from industrial wastewater and the following ascending order of the adsorption performance for the selenium at pH 9 was observed: cation exchange resin < chelate resin < zeolite < brown marine algae < granular activated carbon < anion exchange resin. Initial concentration of selenium(146 mg/L) in industrial wastewater was reduced to 63 mg/L of selenium at pH 9 by neutralization process. The maximum uptake of Se calculated from the Langmuir isotherm with anion exchange resin was 0.091 mmol/g at pH 10 and that with granular activated carbon was 0.083 mmol/g at pH 6. The affinity coefficients of Se ion towards anion exchange resin and granular activated carbon were 3.263 L/mmol at pH 10 and 0.873 L/mmol at pH 6, respectively. The sorption performance of anion exchange resin at the low concentration of Se, namely, was much better than that of granular activated carbon. The Se ions from industrial wastewater throughout neutralization process and two steps of adsorption using anion exchange resin was removed to 97.7%.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.129-136
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• 2004

Anisotropic characteristics of deformation are important to understand the particular behavior in the pre-failure state of soils. Recent experiments shows that cross-anisotropic moduli of granular soils can be expressed by functions of normal stresses in the corresponding directions, which is closely linked to micromechanical characteristics of particles. Granular soils are composed of a number of particles so that the force-displacement relationship at each contact point governs the macroscopic stress-strain relationship. Therefore, the micromechanical approach in which the deformation of granular soils is regarded as a mutual interaction between particle contacts is one of the best ways to investigate the anisotropic deformation of soils. In this study, a numerical program based on the theory of micromechanics is developed. Modified Hertz-Mindlin model is adopted to represent the force-displacement relationship in each contact point for the realistic prediction of anisotropic moduli. To evaluate the model parameters, a set of analytical solutions of anisotropic moduli is derived in the isotropic stress condition. By comparing the analytical solutions with exact values, we confirm that the analytical solutions can be utilized to evaluate model parameters within the acceptable range of error of 10%.