• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.1203-1210
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• 2008

Flow resistance in a natural stream is caused by complex factors, such as the grains on the bed, vegetation, and bed-form, reach profile. Flow resistance in a generally stable gravel bed stream is due to protrudent grains from bed. Therefore, the flow resistance can be calculated by equivalent roughness in gravel bed stream, but estimation of equivalent roughness is difficult because nonuniform size and irregular arrangement of distributed grain on natural stream bed. In previous study, equivalent roughness is empirically estimated using characteristic grain size. However, application of empirical equation have uncertainty in stream that stream bed characteristic differs. In this study, we developed a model using an analytical method considering grain diameter distribution characteristics of grains on the bed and also taking into account flow resistance acting on each grain. Also, the model consider the protrusion height of grain.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.563-570
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• 2013

Roughness coefficient was computed for review of applicability based on measurement of the representative grain diameter reflecting channel characteristics of Han Stream. After field survey, collection of bed material, and grain analysis on the collected bed material, roughness coefficient was computed using representative grain and existing empirical equation for roughness coefficient. Value of roughness coefficient calculated using equation by Meyer-Peter and Muller (1948) was 0.0417 for upstream, 0.0432 for midstream, and 0.0493 for downstream. As a result of comparing the computed roughness coefficient to other empirical equations for review of applicability, the coefficient was larger in Strickler (1923) equation by 0.006. Smaller coefficient was shown by Planning Report for River Improvement Works. Equation by Garde and Raju (1978) was larger by 0.004, and equations by Lane and Carlson (1953) and by Meyer-Peter and Muller (1948) were larger by 0.001. Such precise roughness coefficient is extremely important when computing the amount of flood in rivers to prevent destruction of downstream embankments and property damages from flooding. Since roughness coefficient is a factor determined by complicated elements and differs according to time and space, continued management of roughness coefficient in rivers and streams is deemed necessary.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제46권12호
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• pp.1209-1220
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 내성천 하류 구간을 대상으로 검보정된 1차원 수치모형을 이용하여 흐름모의를 수행함으로써 추정된 구간 조도계수에 대해 분석하였다. 또한 실측 및 모의된 수리조건을 이용하여 향석 지점에서의 하상형태 예측을 수행하였으며 사립조도에 의한 흐름저항 계수 값을 고려하여 총 흐름저항 조도계수를 산정하였다. 수치모의에 의해 추정된 구간 조도계수와 사립조도 및 하상형태에 의한 흐름저항 계수를 추정한 결과 값을 상호 비교 분석하였으며 그 결과, 저수류 영역 흐름에서는 사립조도 및 하상형태에 의한 흐름저항 외에 식생, 만곡도, 사주 등의 기타 요인들에 의한 영향이 크게 반영되어 수치모의 상의 조도계수 값이 사립조도 및 하상형태에 의해 추정 가능한 조도계수 범위보다 크게 산정되는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 $500m^3/s$ 이상의 천이구간 및 고수류 영역에서는 사립조도 및 하상형태 예측에 의한 조도계수 범위에 수치모의에 의해 검증된 Manning 조도계수가 포함되는 것으로 나타났다.

• Korean Journal of Hydrosciences
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• 제1권
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• pp.49-60
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• 1990

Manning's roughness factor to flow in sand-bed channels may be divided into the grain roughness factor nd the form roughness factor. The grain roughness factor may be dedermined by using Keulegan's formula. By using available experimental data, it was found there is a unique relationship between the form roughness and the hydraulic radius to sediment particle size ratio for a given value of the Froude number. The form roughness and the bed form may be determined by using this unique relationship. The technique for engineering applications of the results appears to be quite simple.

• 동굴
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• 제78호
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• pp.23-27
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• 2007

In this paper, we have investigated the characteristics of the magnetic abrasive using sludge on polishing of internal finishing of seamless stainless steel tube applying magnetic abrasive polishing. Either white alumina grain was used to resin sludge at a low temperature, and the sludge of magnetic abrasive powder was synthesized and crushed into 200 meshes. Surface roughness was measured before and after polishing, and more than 40% of improvement of surface roughness was achieved when grain was used under a specific condition. Even though some degree of surface roughness due to deeper scratches still exist, but the result showed a prospective magnetic abrasive polishing using sludge with white alumina grains.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1995년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.1181-1183
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• 1995

In this study, we observed the surface morphology of amorphous silicon annealed at $700{\sim}1000^{\circ}C$ for recrystallization. In case of $700{\sim}800^{\circ}C$ annealing, deposited amorphous silicon have the saturated XRD intensity and decreased surface roughness after annealing for 3 hours. It is thought that surface roughness of amorphous silicon increases because of contributions caused by atomic rearrangement of surface, for instance, surface stress etc., in the course of recrystallinzation and decrease because of the relaxation of stress by annealing in reaching completion of recrystallization. In case of $1000^{\circ}C$ annealing, the effect of grain size on deposited silicon is more effective than that of surface roughness. These results show that small grain silicon has the stronger dependence on surface roughness than large grain one.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.1211-1220
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• 2008

In this study, we estimated, the equivalent roughness using an estimation model, which considered grain distribution on the bed and the protrusion height of the grains. We also reviewed the appropriateness of the estimated equivalent roughness at the Goksung and Gurey station in the Seomjin River. To review the appropriateness of this model, we presented the water level-discharge relation curve applying the equivalent roughness to the flow model and compared and reviewed it to observed data. Also, we compared and reviewed the observed data by estimating the Manning coefficient n, the Chezy coefficient C, and the Darcy-Weisbach friction coefficient f by the equivalent roughness. The calculation results of the RMSE showed within 5% error range in comparison with observed value. Therefore the estimated equivalent roughness values by the model could be proved appropriate.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.17
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• pp.77-80
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• 2004

In this paper, we have investigated the characteristics of the magnetic abrasive using sludge on polishing of internal finishing of seamless stainless steel (STS304) tube applying magnetic abrasive polishing. Either white alumina (WA) or green carborundum (GC) grain was used to resin sludge at a low temperature, and the sludge of magnetic abrasive powder was synthesized and crushed into 200 meshes. Surface roughness was measured before and after polishing, and more than 40% of improvement of surface roughness was achieved when WA grain was used under a specific condition. Even though some degree of surface roughness due to deeper scratches still exist, but the result showed a prospective magnetic abrasive polishing using sludge with WA or GC grains.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공작기계학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.318-323
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• 2003

In order to polish complicated shaped inner surfaces of molds, a new polishing method with consolation liquid was Invented The MAGIC (MAGnetic Intelligent Compound) Polishing is the best method, a countermeasure of polishing trouble that is reduce of productivity and instability of quality. But because MAGIC polishing is new polishing method there is no study of the standardization of polishing by MAGIC wheel yet. So we want to standadize MAGIC polishing condition. For the First time, we will evaluate the influence of composition ratio and kind of polishing grain in polishing surface roughness. In this study, we determined amount of dressing oil and dressing point as kind and composition ratio of polishing grain. we compared surface roughness case by case

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.118-122
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• 2001

In this study, the variation of surface roughness was tested in surface grinding for the three working materials SM45C, heat-treated SM45C, and gray cat iron. IT was performed for the various grinding wheels with two grain size #60, #100, and three grade I, O, R and various grinding depths and feeds, The fractural grinding depths which were obtained when the grinding wheels were destructed in surface grinding works, were examined and compared with the calculated value sug-gested in this study, The results showed that the surface roughness was decreased by decreasing grinding depth, and feed, and increasing grain size and grades. The fracture grinding depths were increased by increasing grain size, grade and feed.