• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.470-479
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• 2010

In this study, the visual grading based on the visual characteristics and structural timber bending test were conducted for domestic yellow poplar dimension lumber. Structural performance of domestic yellow poplar dimension lumber was conducted through the evaluation of strength and stiffness. Visual grading rule of yellow poplar dimension lumber did not exist in Korea. Visual grading of yellow poplar dimension lumber was performed according to the NSLB (Northern Softwood Lumber Bureau) standard grading rules including several hardwood dimension lumber. The allowable bending stress was calculated from the results of a visual grading. Compared with NDS (National Design Specification), the yellow poplar dimension lumber showed enough strength for structural uses. In addition, the visual grading was performed according to the KFRI (Korea Forest Research Institute) grading rule to calculated allowable bending stress and to evaluated the feasibility. The yellow poplar was classified into the pine groups by the KFRI criteria regulated by specific gravity. Allowable bending stress based on weibull distribution had became highly than KFRI criteria, as No. 1 (10.0 MPa), No. 2 (7.4 MPa) and No. 3 (4.1 MPa). And the availability of yellow poplar dimension lumber for structural uses had been confirmed. The Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) of domestic yellow poplar dimension lumber had not met the NDS and KFRI criteria. However, for the use of domestic yellow poplar, average values of MOE which obtained through this test were suggested as design value for domestic yellow poplar. Design values were supposed No. 1, 2 (9,000 MPa) and No. 3 (8,000 MPa).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.14
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• pp.5835-5838
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• 2014

Background: Gastric cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer death in Taiwan. The literature has previously shown that age, tumor site, T categories, and number of metastatic nodes significantly affect prognosis. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term survival of patients with gastric cancer, as well as the effect of particular prognostic factors on survival. Materials and Methods: This was a survival analysis study with retrospective design. We reviewed the records of 64 patients with adenocarcinoma of the stomach who had undergone gastrectomy with curative intent between 2009 and 2012 at a teaching hospital in southern Taiwan. Data extracted from patient documents included age, gender distribution, tumor location, and pathological grading. Results: The median follow-up time was 4 years, and there were 31 deaths attributed to gastric cancer. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that retrieval of less than 15 lymph nodes from a patient was a significant predictor of survival. A significant predictor of poorer survival was higher pathological grading. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the number of lymph nodes retrieved and pathological grading could be viewed as crucial prognostic factors affecting the survival of individuals with gastric cancer.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.169-176
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• 2013

This survey was conducted to investigate the present conditions of operational management in the 45 animal manure public resource center (APRC) in Korea. The regional distribution, processing capacity per year, capacity of liquid fertilizer storage tank, solid-liquid separation, utilization of facilities, odor reduction facility, on-site odor strength, complained in the community, liquid fertilizer sprayed area, use the Agrix, land application recipe, composting degree, quality management and general grading were surveyed and evaluated. General grading was divided with 5 stages (very good, good, fair, lack and bad). The number of evaluated "very good" animal manure public resource center was 7, and "good" was 5 and more than "fair" was 27. However, the number of evaluated negatively including "lack" and "bad" was occupied as 40% of the 45 animal manure public resource center.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.319-328
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• 2021

Purpose: Recently, a large social disaster has called for the need to diagnose social disaster safety, and the Ministry of Public Administration and Security calculates and publishes regional safety ratings such as regional safety index and national safety diagnosis every year. The existing safety diagnosis system uses equal intervals or normal distribution to grade risk maps in a uniform manner. Method: However, the equidistant technique can objectively analyze risk ratings, but there is a limit to classifying risk ratings when the distribution is skewed to one side, and the z-score technique has a problem of losing credibility if the population does not follow a normal distribution. Because the distribution of statistical data varies from indicator to indicator, the most appropriate rating should be applied for each data distribution. Result: Therefore, in this paper, we analyze the data of disaster indicators and present a comparison and suitable method for traditional equidistant and natural brake techniques to proceed with optimized grading for each indicator. Conclusion: As a result, three of the six new indicators were applied differently from conventional grading techniques

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.243-253
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• 2013

This research paper introduces the application and implementation of medical decision metrics that classifies medical decision-making into four different metrics using statistical diagnostic tools, such as confusion matrix, normal distribution, Bayesian prediction and Receiver Operating Curve(ROC). In this study, the metrics are developed based on cross-section study, cohort study and case-control study done by systematic literature review and reformulated the structure of type I error, type II error, confidence level and power of detection. The study proposed implementation strategies for 10 quality improvement activities via 14 medical decision metrics which consider specificity and sensitivity in terms of ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$. Examples of ROC implication are depicted in this paper with a useful guidelines to implement a continuous quality improvement, not only in a variable acceptance sampling in Quality Control(QC) but also in a supplier grading score chart in Supplier Chain Management(SCM) quality. This research paper is the first to apply and implement medical decision-making tools as quality improvement activities. These proposed models will help quality practitioners to enhance the process and product quality level.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.97-100
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to research the basic property of mortar as the grading distribution of copper slag used as fine aggregate and the results are as follows. The compressive strength of mortar as the size of largest diameter of copper slag granule is the highest when the largest size is in 2.5-5mm, and flow of mortar is in proportion to the size. As the largest size of copper slag particle is under 2.5mm(Type 1) the compressive strength and flow is higher as the big granules is more included than small ones. As the largest size of copper slag granule is under 5mm(Type 2) the compressive strength and flow is similar to situation of Type 1, except compressive strength is higher as the percent of the size of granule in $2.5\~5mm$ is under 35$\%$. F.M.(Fine Modulus), compressive strength and flow is relative each other except the batch with 2.5$\∼$5mm granule size of copper slag.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.195-196
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• 2016

Oyster shell is produce by shucking process in oyster farming in southern coast of Korea. In average, about 6.7kg of oyster shell is produced as an industrial waste for 1kg of oyster flesh, and even only in last year, it is estimated that about 150,000 ton of oyster shell is produced. Oyster shell is light weighted and the strength characteristic of it is similar to send. So we would like to test if it is avail to use oyster shell crust as fine aggregate. So we use a crusher to crush oyster shell and review its particle distribution for materialization.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.29-33
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• 2006

A 154 kV class high temperature superconducting (HTS) power cable system is developing in Korea. For insulation design or this cable, the grading method of insulating paper is proposed. The use of graded insulation gives improved bending properties of the cable. Therefore, we discussed the electrical stress distribution and calculation for grading insulation design of a HTS cable. Also. the basic insulation design of 154 kV class HTS power cable was done.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.43-44
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• 2017

In this study, mortar strength was measured by grinding oyster shell and changing the particle size distribution. For the experiment, the oyster shells were processed to a fine aggregate size of 10mm or less. In this experiment, seven particle size distribution conditions were selected and tested. Because oyster shells are different in density from sand, their volume ratios were calculated and converted to mass ratios of 1: 3. The strength test was carried out one day after the steam curing.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.451-458
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• 2004

A leather quality inspection by naked eyes has known as unreliable because of its biological characteristics like accumulated fatigue caused from an optical illusion and biological phenomenon. Therefore it is necessary to automate the leather quality inspection by computer vision technique. In this paper, we present automatic leather qua1ity classification system get information from leather surface. Leather is usually graded by its information such as texture density, types and distribution of defects. The presented algorithm explain how we analyze leather information like texture density and defects from the gray-level images obtained by digital camera. The density data is computed by its ratio of distribution area, width, and height of Fourier spectrum magnitude. And the defect information of leather surface can be obtained by histogram distribution of pixels which is Windowed from preprocessed images. The information for entire leather could be a standard for grading leather quality. The proposed leather inspection system using machine vision can also be applied to another field to substitute human eye inspection.